Proteins that interact with bacterial small RNA regulators.

abstract：:The gram-negative bacterium Proteus mirabilis can exist in either of two cell types, a vegetative cell characterized as a short rod and a highly elongated and hyperflagellated swarmer cell. This differentiation is triggered by growth on solid surfaces and multiple inputs are sensed by the cell to initiate the differen...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Morgenstein RM,Szostek B,Rather PN

更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Five species of parasite cause malaria in humans with the most severe disease caused by Plasmodium falciparum. Many of the proteins encoded in the P. falciparum genome are unusually enriched in repetitive low-complexity sequences containing a limited repertoire of amino acids. These repetitive sequences expand and con...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Davies HM,Nofal SD,McLaughlin EJ,Osborne AR

更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The initiation of transcription is the most important step for gene regulation in eubacteria. To initiate transcription, RNA polymerase has to associate with a small protein, known as a sigma-factor. The sigma-factor directs RNA polymerase to a specific class of promoter sequences. Most bacterial species synthesize se...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Wösten MM

更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:More than a century ago, the term 'virus' was introduced to describe infectious agents that are invisible by light microscopy and capable of passing through sterilizing filters. In addition to their extremely small size, most viruses have minimal genomes and gene contents, and rely almost entirely on host cell-encoded...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Abergel C,Legendre M,Claverie JM

更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:General principles of membrane function have been elucidated by the study of lactic acid bacteria. In this review, the operation and function of ion pumps, secondary transport systems and solute ATPases will be discussed. Despite their differences in kinetics and mechanisms between the transport systems, structural si...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Maloney PC

更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It has become increasingly and widely recognised that bacteria do not exist as solitary cells, but are colonial organisms that exploit elaborate systems of intercellular communication to facilitate their adaptation to changing environmental conditions. The languages by which bacteria communicate take the form of chemi...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Whitehead NA,Barnard AM,Slater H,Simpson NJ,Salmond GP

更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Our knowledge regarding the nature and development of microbial biofilms has grown significantly since the first report of these communities by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek in the late 1600s. Nevertheless, most biofilm studies examine mono-species cultures, whereas nearly all biofilm communities in nature comprise a variet...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Elias S,Banin E

更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Metals are required cofactors for numerous fundamental processes that are essential to both pathogen and host. They are coordinated in enzymes responsible for DNA replication and transcription, relief from oxidative stress, and cellular respiration. However, excess transition metals can be toxic due to their ability t...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Becker KW,Skaar EP

更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cyanobacteria of the genera Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus dominate the prokaryotic component of the picophytoplankton in the oceans. It is still less than 10 years since the discovery of phages that infect marine Synechococcus and the beginning of the characterisation of these phages and assessment of their ecolog...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Mann NH

更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Repeated sequences are commonly present in the sites for DNA replication initiation in bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic replicons. Those motifs are usually the binding places for replication initiation proteins or replication regulatory factors. In prokaryotic replication origins, the most abundant repeated sequenc...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Rajewska M,Wegrzyn K,Konieczny I

更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A high level of anti-HCV is generally associated with viral replication and the number of recognized epitopes appears to be correlated with the viral charge. Nevertheless, the absence of detectable antibodies in about 60% of patients during the acute phase of the disease and in 10% of chronically infected (generally i...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Pillot J,Rioche M,Lazizi Y

更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The genome of bacteriophage fd has been engineered to allow foreign amino acid sequences to be displayed in the exposed N-terminal segment of the major coat protein in the virus particle: small peptides can be encoded directly; larger peptides are encoded in hybrid virions, in which wild-type coat protein subunits are...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Perham RN,Terry TD,Willis AE,Greenwood J,di Marzo Veronese F,Appella E

更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microbial networks are an increasingly popular tool to investigate microbial community structure, as they integrate multiple types of information and may represent systems-level behaviour. Interpreting these networks is not straightforward, and the biological implications of network properties are unclear. Analysis of...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Röttjers L,Faust K

更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:N-Substituted aromatic compounds are environmental contaminants associated with the production and use of dyes, explosives, pesticides and pharmaceuticals. In this article, we examine the potential of anaerobic granular sludge from anaerobic treatment systems towards the detoxification, transformation, and mineralizat...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Razo-Flores E,Donlon B,Lettinga G,Field JA

更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the last decade, a variety of ribosomally synthesized antimicrobial peptides or bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria have been identified and characterized. As a result of these studies, insight has been gained into fundamental aspects of biology and biochemistry such as producer self protection, membrane-...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Ennahar S,Sashihara T,Sonomoto K,Ishizaki A

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:What a living organism looks like and how it works and what are its components-all this is encoded on DNA, the genetic blueprint. Consequently, the way to change an organism is to change its genetic information. Since the first pieces of recombinant DNA have been used to transform cells in the 1970s, this approach has...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Schindler D,Waldminghaus T

更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The P(II) proteins are one of the most widely distributed families of signal transduction proteins in nature. They are pivotal players in the control of nitrogen metabolism in bacteria and archaea, and are also found in the plastids of plants. Quite remarkably, P(II) proteins control the activities of a diverse rang...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Huergo LF,Chandra G,Merrick M

更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The accurate synthesis of proteins, dictated by the corresponding nucleotide sequence encoded in mRNA, is essential for cell growth and survival. Central to this process are the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs), which provide amino acid substrates for the growing polypeptide chain in the form of aminoacyl-tRNAs. The...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Hausmann CD,Ibba M

更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The genus Corynebacterium belongs to the taxonomic class Actinobacteria representing the high G+C branch of gram-positive bacteria. Among the most prominent members of this genus is Corynebacterium glutamicum, which is used by the biotechnological industry for the fermentative production of l-amino acids. Because of i...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Schröder J,Tauch A

更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The spread of antibiotic resistance and increasing prevalence of biofilm-associated infections is driving demand for new means to treat bacterial infection. Nanotechnology provides an innovative platform for addressing this challenge, with potential to manage even infections involving multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteri...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Natan M,Banin E

更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gene conversion is defined as the non-reciprocal transfer of information between homologous sequences. Despite methodological problems to establish non-reciprocity, gene conversion has been demonstrated in a wide variety of bacteria. Besides examples of high-frequency reversion of mutations in repeated genes, gene con...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Santoyo G,Romero D

更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lack of known mechanisms of protection against Staphylococcus aureus in humans is hindering development of efficacious vaccines. Preclinical as well as clinical data suggest that antibodies play an important role against S. aureus. For instance, certain hypogammaglobulinaemic patients are at increased risk of staphylo...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Pozzi C,Lofano G,Mancini F,Soldaini E,Speziale P,De Gregorio E,Rappuoli R,Bertholet S,Grandi G,Bagnoli F

更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cell surfaces are critical for diverse functions across all domains of life, from cell-cell communication and nutrient uptake to cell stability and surface attachment. While certain aspects of the mechanisms supporting the biosynthesis of the archaeal cell surface are unique, likely due to important differences in cel...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Pohlschroder M,Pfeiffer F,Schulze S,Abdul Halim MF

更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Small cells dominate photosynthetic biomass and primary production in many marine ecosystems. Traditionally, picoplankton refers to cells < or =2 microm. Here we extend the size range of the organisms considered to 3 microm, a threshold often used operationally in field studies. While the prokaryotic component of pico...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Vaulot D,Eikrem W,Viprey M,Moreau H

更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Arsenic compounds have been abundant at near toxic levels in the environment since the origin of life. In response, microbes have evolved mechanisms for arsenic resistance and enzymes that oxidize As(III) to As(V) or reduce As(V) to As(III). Formation and degradation of organoarsenicals, for example methylarsenic comp...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Mukhopadhyay R,Rosen BP,Phung LT,Silver S

更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The successful genetic manipulation of Clostridium acetobutylicum for the increased production of solvents will depend on an understanding of gene structure and regulation in the bacterium. The glutamine synthetase (glnA) gene is regulated by antisense RNA, transcribed from a downstream promoter, in the opposite direc...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Woods DR,Reid SJ

更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The peroxisomal membrane compartmentalizes specific metabolic functions in the intermediary metabolism of various aerobic eukarya. In yeast, peroxisomal membranes are typified by their small width (+/- 7-8 nm) and absence of large integral membrane proteins in freeze-etch replicas. They show a unique polypeptide profi...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Sulter GJ,Harder W,Veenhuis M

更新日期：1993-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 was first implicated in human disease in the early 1980s, with ruminants cited as the primary reservoirs. Preliminary studies indicated cattle to be the sole source of E. coli O157:H7 outbreaks in humans; however, further epidemiological studies soon demonstrated that E. col...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： La Ragione RM,Best A,Woodward MJ,Wales AD

更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In recent years, there has been accumulating evidence that antibiotics, besides their antimicrobial action, potentially have a number of undesired side effects that can, at least in some cases, promote genetic variability of bacteria. In addition to resistant variants, antibiotics have also been shown to select mutato...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Couce A,Blázquez J

更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Research innovations are constantly occurring in universities, research institutions and industrial research laboratories. These are reported in the scientific literature and presented to the scientific community in various congresses and symposia as well as through direct contacts and collaborations. Conversion of th...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Pedersen MB,Iversen SL,Sørensen KI,Johansen E

更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00