Gene conversion and concerted evolution in bacterial genomes.

abstract：:The genome of bacteriophage fd has been engineered to allow foreign amino acid sequences to be displayed in the exposed N-terminal segment of the major coat protein in the virus particle: small peptides can be encoded directly; larger peptides are encoded in hybrid virions, in which wild-type coat protein subunits are...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Perham RN,Terry TD,Willis AE,Greenwood J,di Marzo Veronese F,Appella E

更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Targeted manipulation of the gut flora is increasingly being recognized as a means to improve human health. Yet, the temporal dynamics and intra- and interindividual heterogeneity of the microbiome represent experimental limitations, especially in human cross-sectional studies. Therefore, rodent models represent an in...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Laukens D,Brinkman BM,Raes J,De Vos M,Vandenabeele P

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The P(II) proteins are one of the most widely distributed families of signal transduction proteins in nature. They are pivotal players in the control of nitrogen metabolism in bacteria and archaea, and are also found in the plastids of plants. Quite remarkably, P(II) proteins control the activities of a diverse rang...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Huergo LF,Chandra G,Merrick M

更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Our knowledge regarding the nature and development of microbial biofilms has grown significantly since the first report of these communities by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek in the late 1600s. Nevertheless, most biofilm studies examine mono-species cultures, whereas nearly all biofilm communities in nature comprise a variet...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Elias S,Banin E

更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms have been implicated in diseases such as Alzheimer's, diabetes and cancers. In contrast to mammals, which have at least nine genes, fungi have only one or two. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae produces only a single Pkc1 and is employed in the study of specific human isozymes, i...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Heinisch JJ,Rodicio R

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cell surfaces are critical for diverse functions across all domains of life, from cell-cell communication and nutrient uptake to cell stability and surface attachment. While certain aspects of the mechanisms supporting the biosynthesis of the archaeal cell surface are unique, likely due to important differences in cel...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Pohlschroder M,Pfeiffer F,Schulze S,Abdul Halim MF

更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:DNA microarrays are a powerful and promising approach to gain a detailed understanding of the bacterial response and the molecular cross-talk that can occur as a consequence of host-pathogen interactions. However, published studies mainly describe the host response to infection. Analysis of bacterial gene regulation i...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： La MV,Raoult D,Renesto P

更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The accurate synthesis of proteins, dictated by the corresponding nucleotide sequence encoded in mRNA, is essential for cell growth and survival. Central to this process are the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs), which provide amino acid substrates for the growing polypeptide chain in the form of aminoacyl-tRNAs. The...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Hausmann CD,Ibba M

更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This review concerns the issues involved in the industrial development of fed-batch culture processes with Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains producing heterologous proteins. Most of process development considerations with fed-batch recombinant cultures are linked to the reliability and reproducibility of the process fo...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Mendoza-Vega O,Sabatié J,Brown SW

更新日期：1994-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:General principles of membrane function have been elucidated by the study of lactic acid bacteria. In this review, the operation and function of ion pumps, secondary transport systems and solute ATPases will be discussed. Despite their differences in kinetics and mechanisms between the transport systems, structural si...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Maloney PC

更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The natural light environment is important to many prokaryotes. Most obviously, phototrophic prokaryotes need to acclimate their photosynthetic apparatus to the prevailing light conditions, and such acclimation is frequently complemented by motility to enable cells to relocate in search of more favorable illumination ...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Wilde A,Mullineaux CW

更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Small regulatory RNAs have been identified in a wide range of organisms, where they modify mRNA stability, translation or protein function. Small RNA regulators (sRNAs) either pair with mRNA targets or modify protein activities. Here we discuss current knowledge of the various proteins that interact with RNA regulator...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Pichon C,Felden B

更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Research innovations are constantly occurring in universities, research institutions and industrial research laboratories. These are reported in the scientific literature and presented to the scientific community in various congresses and symposia as well as through direct contacts and collaborations. Conversion of th...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Pedersen MB,Iversen SL,Sørensen KI,Johansen E

更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Metals are required cofactors for numerous fundamental processes that are essential to both pathogen and host. They are coordinated in enzymes responsible for DNA replication and transcription, relief from oxidative stress, and cellular respiration. However, excess transition metals can be toxic due to their ability t...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Becker KW,Skaar EP

更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A high level of anti-HCV is generally associated with viral replication and the number of recognized epitopes appears to be correlated with the viral charge. Nevertheless, the absence of detectable antibodies in about 60% of patients during the acute phase of the disease and in 10% of chronically infected (generally i...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Pillot J,Rioche M,Lazizi Y

更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many fungi produce exocellular beta-glucan-degrading enzymes, the beta-glucanases including the noncellulolytic beta-(1,3)- and beta-(1,6)-glucanases, degrading beta-(1,3)- and beta-(1,6)-glucans. An ability to purify several exocellular beta-glucanases attacking the same linkage type from a single fungus is common, a...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Martin K,McDougall BM,McIlroy S,Chen J,Seviour RJ

更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The increasing numbers of characterized base-pairing small RNAs (sRNAs) and the identification of these regulators in a broad range of bacteria are allowing comparisons between species and explorations of sRNA evolution. In this review, we describe some examples of trans-encoded base-pairing sRNAs that are species-spe...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Updegrove TB,Shabalina SA,Storz G

更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The urogenital tract appears to be the only niche of the human body that shows clear differences in microbiota between men and women. The female reproductive tract has special features in terms of immunological organization, an epithelial barrier, microbiota, and influence by sex hormones such as estrogen. While the u...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Petrova MI,van den Broek M,Balzarini J,Vanderleyden J,Lebeer S

更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Arsenic compounds have been abundant at near toxic levels in the environment since the origin of life. In response, microbes have evolved mechanisms for arsenic resistance and enzymes that oxidize As(III) to As(V) or reduce As(V) to As(III). Formation and degradation of organoarsenicals, for example methylarsenic comp...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Mukhopadhyay R,Rosen BP,Phung LT,Silver S

更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Type II (proteic) toxin-antitoxin (TA) operons are widely spread in bacteria and archaea. They are organized as operons in which, usually, the antitoxin gene precedes the cognate toxin gene. The antitoxin generally acts as a transcriptional self-repressor, whereas the toxin acts as a co-repressor, both proteins consti...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Chan WT,Balsa D,Espinosa M

更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Understanding the structure, functionalities and biology of functional amyloids is an issue of emerging interest. Inclusion bodies, namely protein clusters formed in recombinant bacteria during protein production processes, have emerged as unanticipated, highly tunable models for the scrutiny of the physiology and arc...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： de Marco A,Ferrer-Miralles N,Garcia-Fruitós E,Mitraki A,Peternel S,Rinas U,Trujillo-Roldán MA,Valdez-Cruz NA,Vázquez E,Villaverde A

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glucuronide and sulfate conjugation are important pathways in the peripheral metabolism of thyroid hormone. These reactions occur predominantly in the liver, and especially the glucuronides are excreted in the bile. Although an enterohepatic circulation after intestinal hydrolysis of iodothyronine conjugates is sugges...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Hazenberg MP,de Herder WW,Visser TJ

更新日期：1988-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:For many years, the bacterial cells were regarded as tiny vessels lacking internal organization. This view, which stemmed from the scarcity of membrane-bounded organelles, has changed considerably in recent years, mainly due to advancements in imaging capabilities. Consequently, despite the rareness of conventional or...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Govindarajan S,Nevo-Dinur K,Amster-Choder O

更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Heat-shock proteins (hsps) have been identified as molecular chaperones conserved between microbes and man and grouped by their molecular mass and high degree of amino acid homology. This article reviews the major hsps of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, their interactions with trehalose, the effect of fermentation and the r...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Burnie JP,Carter TL,Hodgetts SJ,Matthews RC

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The genus Corynebacterium belongs to the taxonomic class Actinobacteria representing the high G+C branch of gram-positive bacteria. Among the most prominent members of this genus is Corynebacterium glutamicum, which is used by the biotechnological industry for the fermentative production of l-amino acids. Because of i...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Schröder J,Tauch A

更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Small cells dominate photosynthetic biomass and primary production in many marine ecosystems. Traditionally, picoplankton refers to cells < or =2 microm. Here we extend the size range of the organisms considered to 3 microm, a threshold often used operationally in field studies. While the prokaryotic component of pico...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Vaulot D,Eikrem W,Viprey M,Moreau H

更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The gram-negative bacterium Proteus mirabilis can exist in either of two cell types, a vegetative cell characterized as a short rod and a highly elongated and hyperflagellated swarmer cell. This differentiation is triggered by growth on solid surfaces and multiple inputs are sensed by the cell to initiate the differen...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Morgenstein RM,Szostek B,Rather PN

更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microbial networks are an increasingly popular tool to investigate microbial community structure, as they integrate multiple types of information and may represent systems-level behaviour. Interpreting these networks is not straightforward, and the biological implications of network properties are unclear. Analysis of...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Röttjers L,Faust K

更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lack of known mechanisms of protection against Staphylococcus aureus in humans is hindering development of efficacious vaccines. Preclinical as well as clinical data suggest that antibodies play an important role against S. aureus. For instance, certain hypogammaglobulinaemic patients are at increased risk of staphylo...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Pozzi C,Lofano G,Mancini F,Soldaini E,Speziale P,De Gregorio E,Rappuoli R,Bertholet S,Grandi G,Bagnoli F

更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Based on structural, biochemical, and genetic data, the soluble diiron monooxygenases can be divided into four groups: the soluble methane monooxygenases, the Amo alkene monooxygenase of Rhodococcus corallinus B-276, the phenol hydroxylases, and the four-component alkene/aromatic monooxygenases. The limited phylogenet...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Leahy JG,Batchelor PJ,Morcomb SM

更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00