Abstract:
:The natural light environment is important to many prokaryotes. Most obviously, phototrophic prokaryotes need to acclimate their photosynthetic apparatus to the prevailing light conditions, and such acclimation is frequently complemented by motility to enable cells to relocate in search of more favorable illumination conditions. Non-phototrophic prokaryotes may also seek to avoid light at damaging intensities and wavelengths, and many prokaryotes with diverse lifestyles could potentially exploit light signals as a rich source of information about their surroundings and a cue for acclimation and behavior. Here we discuss our current understanding of the ways in which bacteria can perceive the intensity, wavelength and direction of illumination, and the signal transduction networks that link light perception to the control of motile behavior. We discuss the problems of light perception at the prokaryotic scale, and the challenge of directional light perception in small bacterial cells. We explain the peculiarities and the common features of light-controlled motility systems in prokaryotes as diverse as cyanobacteria, purple photosynthetic bacteria, chemoheterotrophic bacteria and haloarchaea.
journal_name
FEMS Microbiol Revjournal_title
FEMS microbiology reviewsauthors
Wilde A,Mullineaux CWdoi
10.1093/femsre/fux045subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-11-01 00:00:00pages
900-922issue
6eissn
0168-6445issn
1574-6976pii
4564188journal_volume
41pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Water is one of the most important bacterial habitats on Earth. As such, water represents also a major way of dissemination of bacteria between different environmental compartments. Human activities led to the creation of the so-called urban water cycle, comprising different sectors (waste, surface, drinking water), a...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/1574-6976.12062
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been a favorite organism for pioneering studies on nutrient-sensing and signaling mechanisms. Many specific nutrient responses have been elucidated in great detail. This has led to important new concepts and insight into nutrient-controlled cellular regulation. Major highlights i...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/1574-6976.12065
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The wealth of information existing on the general principle of S-layers has revealed a broad application potential. The most relevant features exploited in applied S-layer research are: (i) pores passing through S-layers show identical size and morphology and are in the range of ultrafiltration membranes; (ii) functio...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.1997.tb00306.x
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The microsporidia are a diverse phylum of obligate intracellular parasites related to the fungi that cause significant and sometimes life-threatening disease in immune-compromised hosts, such as AIDS and organ transplant patients. More recently, their role in causing pathology in immune-competent populations has also ...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.2011.00318.x
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Targeted manipulation of the gut flora is increasingly being recognized as a means to improve human health. Yet, the temporal dynamics and intra- and interindividual heterogeneity of the microbiome represent experimental limitations, especially in human cross-sectional studies. Therefore, rodent models represent an in...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/femsre/fuv036
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gene regB of bacteriophage T4 encodes a sequence-specific endoribonuclease which introduces cuts in early phage messenger RNAs. In most cases, cutting takes place in the middle of the tetranucleotide GGAG. Efficient cleavages occur in the motifs located in intergenic regions, some of them being Shine-Dalgarno sequence...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.1995.tb00196.x
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Toxin-antitoxin systems (TAs) are ubiquitous among bacteria and play a crucial role in the dissemination and evolution of antibiotic resistance, such as maintaining multi-resistant plasmids and inducing persistence formation. Generally, activities of the toxins are neutralised by their conjugate antitoxins. In contras...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/femsre/fux006
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacteria of the genus Brucella are Gram-negative pathogens of several animal species that cause a zoonotic disease in humans known as brucellosis or Malta fever. Within their hosts, brucellae reside within different cell types where they establish a replicative niche and remain protected from the immune response. The ...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.2012.00334.x
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The accurate synthesis of proteins, dictated by the corresponding nucleotide sequence encoded in mRNA, is essential for cell growth and survival. Central to this process are the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs), which provide amino acid substrates for the growing polypeptide chain in the form of aminoacyl-tRNAs. The...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.2008.00119.x
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antibiotic resistance is one of the few examples of evolution that can be addressed experimentally. The present review analyses this resistance, focusing on the networks that regulate its acquisition and its effect on bacterial physiology. It is widely accepted that antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes play fun...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.2008.00142.x
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interest in the expanding catalog of uncultivated microorganisms, increasing recognition of heterogeneity among seemingly similar cells, and technological advances in whole-genome amplification and single-cell manipulation are driving considerable progress in single-cell genomics. Here, the spectrum of applications fo...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/1574-6976.12015
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Expression cloning is a relatively new method for fast and efficient cloning of enzyme genes from fungi that are known to make complex enzyme mixtures. In contrast to traditional cloning methods that are usually dependent on knowledge of at least a partial amino acid sequence in order to synthesize appropriate DNA pro...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.1997.tb00343.x
更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::O-antigen polysaccharide is a major immunogenic feature of the lipopolysaccharide of Gram-negative bacteria, and most species produce a large variety of forms that differ substantially from one another. There are 18 known O-antigen forms in the Yersinia pseudotuberculosis complex, which are typical in being composed o...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/femsre/fux002
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The genus Corynebacterium belongs to the taxonomic class Actinobacteria representing the high G+C branch of gram-positive bacteria. Among the most prominent members of this genus is Corynebacterium glutamicum, which is used by the biotechnological industry for the fermentative production of l-amino acids. Because of i...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.2010.00228.x
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The herbivore rumen ecosystem constitutes an extremely efficient degradation machinery for the intricate chemical structure of fiber biomass, thus, enabling the hosting animal to digest its feed. The challenging task of deconstructing and metabolizing fiber is performed by microorganisms inhabiting the rumen. Since mo...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/femsre/fuz007
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antibiotic resistance can be acquired by mutation or horizontal transfer of a resistance gene, and generally an acquired mechanism results in a predictable increase in phenotypic resistance. However, recent findings suggest that the environment and/or the genetic context can modify the phenotypic expression of specifi...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/femsre/fux004
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since the 1960s, several new attempts have been made to improve the management of single prokaryotic cells using micromanipulator techniques. In order to facilitate the isolation of pure cultures we have recently developed an improved micromanipulation method for routine work. With the aid of this method single prokar...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.2000.tb00558.x
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The species concept is a recurrent controversial issue that preoccupies philosophers as well as biologists of all disciplines. Prokaryotic species concept has its own history and results from a series of empirical improvements parallel to the development of the techniques of analysis. Among the microbial taxonomists, ...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.2001.tb00571.x
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Research innovations are constantly occurring in universities, research institutions and industrial research laboratories. These are reported in the scientific literature and presented to the scientific community in various congresses and symposia as well as through direct contacts and collaborations. Conversion of th...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.femsre.2005.04.001
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The initial step of methanogenesis from CO2 is the formation of formyl-methanofuran (formyl-MFR) from methanofuran (MFR), CO2 and H2. The enzymology of this novel type of CO2 fixation reaction has been difficult to study because formyl-MFR synthesis is subject to a complex activation. Recently, however, a number of ad...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0378-1097(90)90473-4
更新日期:1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The gram-negative bacterium Proteus mirabilis can exist in either of two cell types, a vegetative cell characterized as a short rod and a highly elongated and hyperflagellated swarmer cell. This differentiation is triggered by growth on solid surfaces and multiple inputs are sensed by the cell to initiate the differen...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.2010.00229.x
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gram-positive bacteria have developed elaborate mechanisms to control ammonium assimilation, at the levels of both transcription and enzyme activity. In this review, the common and specific mechanisms of nitrogen assimilation and regulation in Gram-positive bacteria are summarized and compared for the genera Bacillus,...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.2010.00216.x
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Heat-shock proteins (hsps) have been identified as molecular chaperones conserved between microbes and man and grouped by their molecular mass and high degree of amino acid homology. This article reviews the major hsps of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, their interactions with trehalose, the effect of fermentation and the r...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.2005.00001.x
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The genome of bacteriophage fd has been engineered to allow foreign amino acid sequences to be displayed in the exposed N-terminal segment of the major coat protein in the virus particle: small peptides can be encoded directly; larger peptides are encoded in hybrid virions, in which wild-type coat protein subunits are...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.1995.tb00184.x
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::DNA microarrays are a powerful and promising approach to gain a detailed understanding of the bacterial response and the molecular cross-talk that can occur as a consequence of host-pathogen interactions. However, published studies mainly describe the host response to infection. Analysis of bacterial gene regulation i...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.2008.00103.x
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::More than a century ago, the term 'virus' was introduced to describe infectious agents that are invisible by light microscopy and capable of passing through sterilizing filters. In addition to their extremely small size, most viruses have minimal genomes and gene contents, and rely almost entirely on host cell-encoded...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/femsre/fuv037
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antibiotic resistance mechanisms reported in Gram-negative bacteria are causing a worldwide health problem. The continuous dissemination of 'multidrug-resistant' (MDR) bacteria drastically reduces the efficacy of our antibiotic 'arsenal' and consequently increases the frequency of therapeutic failure. In MDR bacteria,...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.2011.00290.x
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Type II (proteic) toxin-antitoxin (TA) operons are widely spread in bacteria and archaea. They are organized as operons in which, usually, the antitoxin gene precedes the cognate toxin gene. The antitoxin generally acts as a transcriptional self-repressor, whereas the toxin acts as a co-repressor, both proteins consti...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/femsre/fuv002
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this paper, it is suggested that specificity and non-specificity in (oral) microbial adhesion are different expressions for the same phenomena. It is argued that the same basic, physicochemical forces are responsible for so-called 'non-specific' and 'specific' binding and that from a physico-chemical point of view ...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.1992.tb04988.x
更新日期:1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is the etiological agent of the most common sexually transmitted infection in North America and Europe. Medical complications resulting from genital C. trachomatis infections arise predominantly in women where the initial infections often remain asymptomatic and thus unrecognized. U...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/femsre/fuw027
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00