Abstract：
:Based on structural, biochemical, and genetic data, the soluble diiron monooxygenases can be divided into four groups: the soluble methane monooxygenases, the Amo alkene monooxygenase of Rhodococcus corallinus B-276, the phenol hydroxylases, and the four-component alkene/aromatic monooxygenases. The limited phylogenetic distribution of these enzymes among bacteria, together with available genetic evidence, indicates that they have been spread largely through horizontal gene transfer. Phylogenetic analyses reveal that the alpha- and beta-oxygenase subunits are paralogous proteins and were derived from an ancient gene duplication of a carboxylate-bridged diiron protein, with subsequent divergence yielding a catalytic alpha-oxygenase subunit and a structural beta-oxygenase subunit. The oxidoreductase and ferredoxin components of these enzymes are likely to have been acquired by horizontal transfer from ancestors common to unrelated diiron and Rieske center oxygenases and other enzymes. The cumulative results of phylogenetic reconstructions suggest that the alkene/aromatic monooxygenases diverged first from the last common ancestor for these enzymes, followed by the phenol hydroxylases, Amo alkene monooxygenase, and methane monooxygenases.
journal_name
FEMS Microbiol Revjournal_title
FEMS microbiology reviewsauthors
Leahy JG,Batchelor PJ,Morcomb SMdoi
10.1016/S0168-6445(03)00023-8subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-10-01 00:00:00pages
449-79issue
4eissn
0168-6445issn
1574-6976pii
S0168644503000238journal_volume
27pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:In the present review, we aim to provide a general introduction to different facets of the arms race between pathogens and their hosts/environment, emphasizing its evolutionary aspects. We focus on vector-borne parasitic protozoa, which have to adapt to both invertebrate and vertebrate hosts. Using Leishmania, Trypano...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1093/femsre/fuw018
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This review concerns the issues involved in the industrial development of fed-batch culture processes with Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains producing heterologous proteins. Most of process development considerations with fed-batch recombinant cultures are linked to the reliability and reproducibility of the process fo...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1574-6976.1994.tb00146.x
更新日期：1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sequencing-based studies have illuminated increased transcriptional complexity within the genome structure of bacteria and have resulted in the identification of many small regulatory RNAs (sRNA) and a large amount of antisense transcription. It remains an open question whether these sRNAs all indeed play regulatory r...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1093/femsre/fuv022
更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antibiotic resistance is one of the few examples of evolution that can be addressed experimentally. The present review analyses this resistance, focusing on the networks that regulate its acquisition and its effect on bacterial physiology. It is widely accepted that antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes play fun...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1574-6976.2008.00142.x
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this paper, it is suggested that specificity and non-specificity in (oral) microbial adhesion are different expressions for the same phenomena. It is argued that the same basic, physicochemical forces are responsible for so-called 'non-specific' and 'specific' binding and that from a physico-chemical point of view ...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1574-6968.1992.tb04988.x
更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The initiation of transcription is the most important step for gene regulation in eubacteria. To initiate transcription, RNA polymerase has to associate with a small protein, known as a sigma-factor. The sigma-factor directs RNA polymerase to a specific class of promoter sequences. Most bacterial species synthesize se...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1574-6976.1998.tb00364.x
更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Wall teichoic acids (WTAs) are charged glycopolymers containing phosphodiester-linked polyol units and represent one of the major components of Gram-positive cell envelope. WTAs have important physiological functions in cell division, gene transfer, surface adhesion, drug resistance, and biofilm formation, and are cri...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/femsre/fuaa064
更新日期：2020-12-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Expression cloning is a relatively new method for fast and efficient cloning of enzyme genes from fungi that are known to make complex enzyme mixtures. In contrast to traditional cloning methods that are usually dependent on knowledge of at least a partial amino acid sequence in order to synthesize appropriate DNA pro...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1574-6976.1997.tb00343.x
更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In recent years, there has been accumulating evidence that antibiotics, besides their antimicrobial action, potentially have a number of undesired side effects that can, at least in some cases, promote genetic variability of bacteria. In addition to resistant variants, antibiotics have also been shown to select mutato...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1574-6976.2009.00165.x
更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bacteria of the genus Brucella are Gram-negative pathogens of several animal species that cause a zoonotic disease in humans known as brucellosis or Malta fever. Within their hosts, brucellae reside within different cell types where they establish a replicative niche and remain protected from the immune response. The ...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1574-6976.2012.00334.x
更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:What a living organism looks like and how it works and what are its components-all this is encoded on DNA, the genetic blueprint. Consequently, the way to change an organism is to change its genetic information. Since the first pieces of recombinant DNA have been used to transform cells in the 1970s, this approach has...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1093/femsre/fuv030
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Our knowledge regarding the nature and development of microbial biofilms has grown significantly since the first report of these communities by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek in the late 1600s. Nevertheless, most biofilm studies examine mono-species cultures, whereas nearly all biofilm communities in nature comprise a variet...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1574-6976.2012.00325.x
更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pseudomonas putida is a gram-negative rod-shaped gammaproteobacterium that is found throughout various environments. Members of the species P. putida show a diverse spectrum of metabolic activities, which is indicative of their adaptation to various niches, which includes the ability to live in soils and sediments con...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1574-6976.2010.00249.x
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The accurate synthesis of proteins, dictated by the corresponding nucleotide sequence encoded in mRNA, is essential for cell growth and survival. Central to this process are the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs), which provide amino acid substrates for the growing polypeptide chain in the form of aminoacyl-tRNAs. The...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1574-6976.2008.00119.x
更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Gram-positive bacteria have developed elaborate mechanisms to control ammonium assimilation, at the levels of both transcription and enzyme activity. In this review, the common and specific mechanisms of nitrogen assimilation and regulation in Gram-positive bacteria are summarized and compared for the genera Bacillus,...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1574-6976.2010.00216.x
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Small regulatory RNAs have been identified in a wide range of organisms, where they modify mRNA stability, translation or protein function. Small RNA regulators (sRNAs) either pair with mRNA targets or modify protein activities. Here we discuss current knowledge of the various proteins that interact with RNA regulator...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1574-6976.2007.00079.x
更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Research innovations are constantly occurring in universities, research institutions and industrial research laboratories. These are reported in the scientific literature and presented to the scientific community in various congresses and symposia as well as through direct contacts and collaborations. Conversion of th...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.femsre.2005.04.001
更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human enteric pathogenic viruses can enter the environment through discharge of waste materials from infected persons, and be transmitted back to susceptible persons to continue the cycle of disease. Contamination of food with viruses may also promote disease outbreaks. A number of studies have investigated the surviv...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.femsre.2004.02.001
更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Purine salvage is an essential function for all obligate parasitic protozoa studied to date and most are also capable of efficient uptake of preformed pyrimidines. Much progress has been made in the identification and characterisation of protozoan purine and pyrimidine transporters. While the genes encoding protozoan ...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.femsre.2005.03.004
更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hydrophobins are surface active proteins produced by filamentous fungi. They have a role in fungal growth as structural components and in the interaction of fungi with their environment. They have, for example, been found to be important for aerial growth, and for the attachment of fungi to solid supports. Hydrophobin...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.femsre.2005.01.004
更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The species concept is a recurrent controversial issue that preoccupies philosophers as well as biologists of all disciplines. Prokaryotic species concept has its own history and results from a series of empirical improvements parallel to the development of the techniques of analysis. Among the microbial taxonomists, ...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1574-6976.2001.tb00571.x
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms have been implicated in diseases such as Alzheimer's, diabetes and cancers. In contrast to mammals, which have at least nine genes, fungi have only one or two. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae produces only a single Pkc1 and is employed in the study of specific human isozymes, i...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1093/femsre/fux051
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 was first implicated in human disease in the early 1980s, with ruminants cited as the primary reservoirs. Preliminary studies indicated cattle to be the sole source of E. coli O157:H7 outbreaks in humans; however, further epidemiological studies soon demonstrated that E. col...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1574-6976.2008.00138.x
更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Five species of parasite cause malaria in humans with the most severe disease caused by Plasmodium falciparum. Many of the proteins encoded in the P. falciparum genome are unusually enriched in repetitive low-complexity sequences containing a limited repertoire of amino acids. These repetitive sequences expand and con...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1093/femsre/fux046
更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Perhaps the biggest single task facing a bacterial cell is to divide into daughter cells that contain the normal complement of chromosomes. Recent technical and conceptual breakthroughs in bacterial cell biology, combined with the flood of genome sequence information and the excellent genetic tools in several model sy...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1574-6976.2000.tb00554.x
更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Deeper sequencing and improved bioinformatics in conjunction with single-cell and metagenomic approaches continue to illuminate undercharacterized environmental microbial communities. This has propelled the 'who is there, and what might they be doing' paradigm to the uncultivated and has already radically changed the ...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/femsre/fux009
更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Stress responses are crucial for bacteria to survive harmful conditions that they encounter in the environment. Although gene regulatory mechanisms underlying stress responses in bacteria have been thoroughly characterised for decades, recent advances in imaging technologies helped to uncover previously hidden dynamic...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/femsre/fuaa022
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Quinolone-resistant Salmonella enterica usually contain a mutation in gyrA within the region encoding the quinolone resistance determining region of the A subunit of DNA gyrase. These mutations confer substitutions analogous to Escherichia coli Ser83-->Phe and Asp87-->Gly or Tyr, or a novel mutation resulting in Ala11...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1574-6976.2002.tb00596.x
更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Meningococcal disease is a serious and rapidly progressing illness. It is therefore very important to monitor changes in the level of antibiotic susceptibility among clinical isolates. Different aspects such as interpretation of laboratory results, determination of breakpoints predicting treatment failure as well as d...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1574-6976.2006.00049.x
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The gram-negative bacterium Proteus mirabilis can exist in either of two cell types, a vegetative cell characterized as a short rod and a highly elongated and hyperflagellated swarmer cell. This differentiation is triggered by growth on solid surfaces and multiple inputs are sensed by the cell to initiate the differen...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1574-6976.2010.00229.x
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
