Abstract:
:Wall teichoic acids (WTAs) are charged glycopolymers containing phosphodiester-linked polyol units and represent one of the major components of Gram-positive cell envelope. WTAs have important physiological functions in cell division, gene transfer, surface adhesion, drug resistance, and biofilm formation, and are critical virulence factors and vital determinants in mediating cell interaction with and tolerance to environmental factors. Here we first briefly introduce WTA structure, biosynthesis and its regulation, and then summarize in detail four major physiological roles played by WTAs, i.e. WTA-mediated resistance to antimicrobials, virulence to mammalian cells, interaction with bacteriolytic enzymes, and regulation of cell metabolism. We also review the applications of WTAs in these fields that are closely related to the human society, including antibacterial drug discovery targeting WTA biosynthesis, development of vaccines and antibodies regarding WTA-mediated pathogenicity, specific and sensitive detection of pathogens in food using WTAs as a surface epitope, and regulation of WTA-related pathways for efficient microbial production of useful compounds. We also point out major problems remaining in these fields, and discuss some possible directions in the future exploration of WTA physiology and applications.
journal_name
FEMS Microbiol Revjournal_title
FEMS microbiology reviewsauthors
Wu X,Han J,Gong G,Koffas MAG,Zha Jdoi
10.1093/femsre/fuaa064subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-12-03 00:00:00eissn
0168-6445issn
1574-6976pii
6019871pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Since the 1960s, several new attempts have been made to improve the management of single prokaryotic cells using micromanipulator techniques. In order to facilitate the isolation of pure cultures we have recently developed an improved micromanipulation method for routine work. With the aid of this method single prokar...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
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journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
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journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:1988-12-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.2002.tb00596.x
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/femsre/fux002
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/femsre/fuw027
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.2012.00351.x
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.femsre.2003.07.005
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/femsre/fux051
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journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.2010.00221.x
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/femsre/fux027
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.1996.tb00239.x
更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.1993.tb00002.x
更新日期:1993-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Small cells dominate photosynthetic biomass and primary production in many marine ecosystems. Traditionally, picoplankton refers to cells < or =2 microm. Here we extend the size range of the organisms considered to 3 microm, a threshold often used operationally in field studies. While the prokaryotic component of pico...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.2008.00121.x
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Research innovations are constantly occurring in universities, research institutions and industrial research laboratories. These are reported in the scientific literature and presented to the scientific community in various congresses and symposia as well as through direct contacts and collaborations. Conversion of th...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.femsre.2005.04.001
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gene regB of bacteriophage T4 encodes a sequence-specific endoribonuclease which introduces cuts in early phage messenger RNAs. In most cases, cutting takes place in the middle of the tetranucleotide GGAG. Efficient cleavages occur in the motifs located in intergenic regions, some of them being Shine-Dalgarno sequence...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.1995.tb00196.x
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0168-6445(89)90035-1
更新日期:1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Based on structural, biochemical, and genetic data, the soluble diiron monooxygenases can be divided into four groups: the soluble methane monooxygenases, the Amo alkene monooxygenase of Rhodococcus corallinus B-276, the phenol hydroxylases, and the four-component alkene/aromatic monooxygenases. The limited phylogenet...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0168-6445(03)00023-8
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antibiotic resistance is one of the few examples of evolution that can be addressed experimentally. The present review analyses this resistance, focusing on the networks that regulate its acquisition and its effect on bacterial physiology. It is widely accepted that antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes play fun...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.2008.00142.x
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.1998.tb00364.x
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00