Alice in microbes' land: adaptations and counter-adaptations of vector-borne parasitic protozoa and their hosts.

abstract：:Glucuronide and sulfate conjugation are important pathways in the peripheral metabolism of thyroid hormone. These reactions occur predominantly in the liver, and especially the glucuronides are excreted in the bile. Although an enterohepatic circulation after intestinal hydrolysis of iodothyronine conjugates is sugges...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Hazenberg MP,de Herder WW,Visser TJ

更新日期：1988-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bacillus thuringiensis is a well-known biopesticide that has been used for more than 80 years. This spore-forming bacterium belongs to the group of Bacillus cereus that also includes, among others, emetic and diarrheic pathotypes of B. cereus, the animal pathogen Bacillus anthracis and the psychrotolerant Bacillus wei...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Gillis A,Fayad N,Makart L,Bolotin A,Sorokin A,Kallassy M,Mahillon J

更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Wall teichoic acids (WTAs) are charged glycopolymers containing phosphodiester-linked polyol units and represent one of the major components of Gram-positive cell envelope. WTAs have important physiological functions in cell division, gene transfer, surface adhesion, drug resistance, and biofilm formation, and are cri...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Wu X,Han J,Gong G,Koffas MAG,Zha J

更新日期：2020-12-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Water is one of the most important bacterial habitats on Earth. As such, water represents also a major way of dissemination of bacteria between different environmental compartments. Human activities led to the creation of the so-called urban water cycle, comprising different sectors (waste, surface, drinking water), a...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Vaz-Moreira I,Nunes OC,Manaia CM

更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Antibiotic resistance mechanisms reported in Gram-negative bacteria are causing a worldwide health problem. The continuous dissemination of 'multidrug-resistant' (MDR) bacteria drastically reduces the efficacy of our antibiotic 'arsenal' and consequently increases the frequency of therapeutic failure. In MDR bacteria,...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Nikaido H,Pagès JM

更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Purine salvage is an essential function for all obligate parasitic protozoa studied to date and most are also capable of efficient uptake of preformed pyrimidines. Much progress has been made in the identification and characterisation of protozoan purine and pyrimidine transporters. While the genes encoding protozoan ...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： de Koning HP,Bridges DJ,Burchmore RJ

更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Antibiotics are the most common type of medication prescribed to children, including infants, in the Western world. While use of antibiotics has transformed previously lethal infections into relatively minor diseases, antibiotic treatments can have adverse effects as well. It has been shown in children, adults and ani...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Neuman H,Forsythe P,Uzan A,Avni O,Koren O

更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Quinolone-resistant Salmonella enterica usually contain a mutation in gyrA within the region encoding the quinolone resistance determining region of the A subunit of DNA gyrase. These mutations confer substitutions analogous to Escherichia coli Ser83-->Phe and Asp87-->Gly or Tyr, or a novel mutation resulting in Ala11...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Piddock LJ

更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The genus Rickettsia (Alphaproteobacteria, Rickettsiales, Rickettsiaceae) is comprised of obligate intracellular parasites, with virulent species of interest both as causes of emerging infectious diseases and for their potential deployment as bioterrorism agents. Currently, there are no effective commercially availabl...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Gillespie JJ,Kaur SJ,Rahman MS,Rennoll-Bankert K,Sears KT,Beier-Sexton M,Azad AF

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nickel is an essential nutrient for selected microorganisms where it participates in a variety of cellular processes. Many microbes are capable of sensing cellular nickel ion concentrations and taking up this nutrient via nickel-specific permeases or ATP-binding cassette-type transport systems. The metal ion is specif...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Mulrooney SB,Hausinger RP

更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:What a living organism looks like and how it works and what are its components-all this is encoded on DNA, the genetic blueprint. Consequently, the way to change an organism is to change its genetic information. Since the first pieces of recombinant DNA have been used to transform cells in the 1970s, this approach has...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Schindler D,Waldminghaus T

更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The species concept is a recurrent controversial issue that preoccupies philosophers as well as biologists of all disciplines. Prokaryotic species concept has its own history and results from a series of empirical improvements parallel to the development of the techniques of analysis. Among the microbial taxonomists, ...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Rosselló-Mora R,Amann R

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Invasive bacterial pathogens intervene at various stages and by various mechanisms with the mammalian plasminogen/plasmin system. A vast number of pathogens express plasmin(ogen) receptors that immobilize plasmin(ogen) on the bacterial surface, an event that enhances activation of plasminogen by mammalian plasminogen ...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Lähteenmäki K,Kuusela P,Korhonen TK

更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A high level of anti-HCV is generally associated with viral replication and the number of recognized epitopes appears to be correlated with the viral charge. Nevertheless, the absence of detectable antibodies in about 60% of patients during the acute phase of the disease and in 10% of chronically infected (generally i...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Pillot J,Rioche M,Lazizi Y

更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Respiratory syncytial virus is the major respiratory pathogen of infants and children worldwide, with no effective treatment or vaccine available. Steady progress has been made in understanding the respiratory syncytial virus life cycle and the consequences of infection, but many areas of respiratory syncytial virus b...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Ghildyal R,Ho A,Jans DA

更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The P(II) proteins are one of the most widely distributed families of signal transduction proteins in nature. They are pivotal players in the control of nitrogen metabolism in bacteria and archaea, and are also found in the plastids of plants. Quite remarkably, P(II) proteins control the activities of a diverse rang...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Huergo LF,Chandra G,Merrick M

更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Thioredoxin is a small (Mr 12,000) ubiquitous redox protein with the conserved active site structure: -Trp-Cys-Gly-Pro-Cys-. The oxidized form (Trx-S2) contains a disulfide bridge which is reduced by NADPH and thioredoxin reductase; the reduced form [Trx(SH)2] is a powerful protein disulfide oxidoreductase. Thioredoxi...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Gleason FK,Holmgren A

更新日期：1988-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Metals are required cofactors for numerous fundamental processes that are essential to both pathogen and host. They are coordinated in enzymes responsible for DNA replication and transcription, relief from oxidative stress, and cellular respiration. However, excess transition metals can be toxic due to their ability t...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Becker KW,Skaar EP

更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A number of peptidases and proteases have been identified in Escherichia coli. Although their specific physiological roles are often not known, some of them have been shown to be involved in: the maturation of nascent polypeptide chains; the maturation of protein precursors; the signal peptide processing of exported p...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Lazdunski AM

更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The urogenital tract appears to be the only niche of the human body that shows clear differences in microbiota between men and women. The female reproductive tract has special features in terms of immunological organization, an epithelial barrier, microbiota, and influence by sex hormones such as estrogen. While the u...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Petrova MI,van den Broek M,Balzarini J,Vanderleyden J,Lebeer S

更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dysfunction of phagocytes is a relevant risk factor for staphylococcal infection. The most common hereditary phagocyte dysfunction is chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), characterized by impaired generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to loss of function mutations within the phagocyte NADPH oxidase NOX2. Pha...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Buvelot H,Posfay-Barbe KM,Linder P,Schrenzel J,Krause KH

更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We review and update the work on genetic elements, e.g., viruses and plasmids (exluding IS elements and transposons) in the kingdom Crenarchaeota (Thermoproteales and Sulfolobales) and the orders Thermococcales and Thermoplasmales in the kingdom Euryarchaeota of the archael domain, including unpublished data from our ...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Zillig W,Prangishvilli D,Schleper C,Elferink M,Holz I,Albers S,Janekovic D,Götz D

更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Our knowledge regarding the nature and development of microbial biofilms has grown significantly since the first report of these communities by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek in the late 1600s. Nevertheless, most biofilm studies examine mono-species cultures, whereas nearly all biofilm communities in nature comprise a variet...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Elias S,Banin E

更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gene regB of bacteriophage T4 encodes a sequence-specific endoribonuclease which introduces cuts in early phage messenger RNAs. In most cases, cutting takes place in the middle of the tetranucleotide GGAG. Efficient cleavages occur in the motifs located in intergenic regions, some of them being Shine-Dalgarno sequence...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Sanson B,Uzan M

更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The gram-negative bacterium Proteus mirabilis can exist in either of two cell types, a vegetative cell characterized as a short rod and a highly elongated and hyperflagellated swarmer cell. This differentiation is triggered by growth on solid surfaces and multiple inputs are sensed by the cell to initiate the differen...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Morgenstein RM,Szostek B,Rather PN

更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Deeper sequencing and improved bioinformatics in conjunction with single-cell and metagenomic approaches continue to illuminate undercharacterized environmental microbial communities. This has propelled the 'who is there, and what might they be doing' paradigm to the uncultivated and has already radically changed the ...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Doud DFR,Woyke T

更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Phenotypically heterogeneous microenvironments emerge as biofilms mature across different environments. Phenotypic heterogeneity in biofilm sub-populations not obeying quorum sensing-dictated, collective group behavior may be considered as a strategy allowing non-conformists to survive hostile conditions. Heterogeneou...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Ren Y,Wang C,Chen Z,Allan E,van der Mei HC,Busscher HJ

更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The accurate synthesis of proteins, dictated by the corresponding nucleotide sequence encoded in mRNA, is essential for cell growth and survival. Central to this process are the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs), which provide amino acid substrates for the growing polypeptide chain in the form of aminoacyl-tRNAs. The...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Hausmann CD,Ibba M

更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many fungi produce exocellular beta-glucan-degrading enzymes, the beta-glucanases including the noncellulolytic beta-(1,3)- and beta-(1,6)-glucanases, degrading beta-(1,3)- and beta-(1,6)-glucans. An ability to purify several exocellular beta-glucanases attacking the same linkage type from a single fungus is common, a...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Martin K,McDougall BM,McIlroy S,Chen J,Seviour RJ

更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Meningococcal disease is a serious and rapidly progressing illness. It is therefore very important to monitor changes in the level of antibiotic susceptibility among clinical isolates. Different aspects such as interpretation of laboratory results, determination of breakpoints predicting treatment failure as well as d...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Vázquez JA,Enriquez R,Abad R,Alcalá B,Salcedo C,Arreaza L

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00