Abstract：
:The herbivore rumen ecosystem constitutes an extremely efficient degradation machinery for the intricate chemical structure of fiber biomass, thus, enabling the hosting animal to digest its feed. The challenging task of deconstructing and metabolizing fiber is performed by microorganisms inhabiting the rumen. Since most of the ingested feed is comprised of plant fiber, these fiber-degrading microorganisms are of cardinal importance to the ecology of the rumen microbial community and to the hosting animal, and have a great impact on our environment and food sustainability. We summarize herein the enzymological fundamentals of fiber degradation, how the genes encoding these enzymes are spread across fiber-degrading microbes, and these microbes' interactions with other members of the rumen microbial community and potential effect on community structure. An understanding of these concepts has applied value for agriculture and our environment, and will also contribute to a better understanding of microbial ecology and evolution in anaerobic ecosystems.
journal_name
FEMS Microbiol Revjournal_title
FEMS microbiology reviewsauthors
Moraïs S,Mizrahi Idoi
10.1093/femsre/fuz007subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-07-01 00:00:00pages
362-379issue
4eissn
0168-6445issn
1574-6976pii
5435456journal_volume
43pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:It has become increasingly and widely recognised that bacteria do not exist as solitary cells, but are colonial organisms that exploit elaborate systems of intercellular communication to facilitate their adaptation to changing environmental conditions. The languages by which bacteria communicate take the form of chemi...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1574-6976.2001.tb00583.x
更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:For many years, the bacterial cells were regarded as tiny vessels lacking internal organization. This view, which stemmed from the scarcity of membrane-bounded organelles, has changed considerably in recent years, mainly due to advancements in imaging capabilities. Consequently, despite the rareness of conventional or...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1574-6976.2012.00348.x
更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The peroxisomal membrane compartmentalizes specific metabolic functions in the intermediary metabolism of various aerobic eukarya. In yeast, peroxisomal membranes are typified by their small width (+/- 7-8 nm) and absence of large integral membrane proteins in freeze-etch replicas. They show a unique polypeptide profi...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1574-6976.1993.tb00002.x
更新日期：1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This review concerns the issues involved in the industrial development of fed-batch culture processes with Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains producing heterologous proteins. Most of process development considerations with fed-batch recombinant cultures are linked to the reliability and reproducibility of the process fo...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1574-6976.1994.tb00146.x
更新日期：1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Wall teichoic acids (WTAs) are charged glycopolymers containing phosphodiester-linked polyol units and represent one of the major components of Gram-positive cell envelope. WTAs have important physiological functions in cell division, gene transfer, surface adhesion, drug resistance, and biofilm formation, and are cri...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/femsre/fuaa064
更新日期：2020-12-03 00:00:00
abstract：:DNA microarrays are a powerful and promising approach to gain a detailed understanding of the bacterial response and the molecular cross-talk that can occur as a consequence of host-pathogen interactions. However, published studies mainly describe the host response to infection. Analysis of bacterial gene regulation i...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1574-6976.2008.00103.x
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The accurate synthesis of proteins, dictated by the corresponding nucleotide sequence encoded in mRNA, is essential for cell growth and survival. Central to this process are the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs), which provide amino acid substrates for the growing polypeptide chain in the form of aminoacyl-tRNAs. The...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1574-6976.2008.00119.x
更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Phenotypically heterogeneous microenvironments emerge as biofilms mature across different environments. Phenotypic heterogeneity in biofilm sub-populations not obeying quorum sensing-dictated, collective group behavior may be considered as a strategy allowing non-conformists to survive hostile conditions. Heterogeneou...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1093/femsre/fuy001
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the present review, we aim to provide a general introduction to different facets of the arms race between pathogens and their hosts/environment, emphasizing its evolutionary aspects. We focus on vector-borne parasitic protozoa, which have to adapt to both invertebrate and vertebrate hosts. Using Leishmania, Trypano...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1093/femsre/fuw018
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Arsenic compounds have been abundant at near toxic levels in the environment since the origin of life. In response, microbes have evolved mechanisms for arsenic resistance and enzymes that oxidize As(III) to As(V) or reduce As(V) to As(III). Formation and degradation of organoarsenicals, for example methylarsenic comp...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1574-6976.2002.tb00617.x
更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hydrophobins are surface active proteins produced by filamentous fungi. They have a role in fungal growth as structural components and in the interaction of fungi with their environment. They have, for example, been found to be important for aerial growth, and for the attachment of fungi to solid supports. Hydrophobin...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.femsre.2005.01.004
更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Targeted manipulation of the gut flora is increasingly being recognized as a means to improve human health. Yet, the temporal dynamics and intra- and interindividual heterogeneity of the microbiome represent experimental limitations, especially in human cross-sectional studies. Therefore, rodent models represent an in...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1093/femsre/fuv036
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The spread of antibiotic resistance and increasing prevalence of biofilm-associated infections is driving demand for new means to treat bacterial infection. Nanotechnology provides an innovative platform for addressing this challenge, with potential to manage even infections involving multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteri...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1093/femsre/fux003
更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Understanding the structure, functionalities and biology of functional amyloids is an issue of emerging interest. Inclusion bodies, namely protein clusters formed in recombinant bacteria during protein production processes, have emerged as unanticipated, highly tunable models for the scrutiny of the physiology and arc...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1093/femsre/fuy038
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Thioredoxin is a small (Mr 12,000) ubiquitous redox protein with the conserved active site structure: -Trp-Cys-Gly-Pro-Cys-. The oxidized form (Trx-S2) contains a disulfide bridge which is reduced by NADPH and thioredoxin reductase; the reduced form [Trx(SH)2] is a powerful protein disulfide oxidoreductase. Thioredoxi...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1574-6968.1988.tb02747.x
更新日期：1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:General principles of membrane function have been elucidated by the study of lactic acid bacteria. In this review, the operation and function of ion pumps, secondary transport systems and solute ATPases will be discussed. Despite their differences in kinetics and mechanisms between the transport systems, structural si...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1574-6968.1990.tb04881.x
更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Microbial networks are an increasingly popular tool to investigate microbial community structure, as they integrate multiple types of information and may represent systems-level behaviour. Interpreting these networks is not straightforward, and the biological implications of network properties are unclear. Analysis of...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1093/femsre/fuy030
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lipopeptides constitute a structurally diverse group of metabolites produced by various bacterial and fungal genera. In the past decades, research on lipopeptides has been fueled by their antimicrobial, antitumour, immunosuppressant and surfactant activities. However, the natural functions of lipopeptides in the lifes...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1574-6976.2010.00221.x
更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We review and update the work on genetic elements, e.g., viruses and plasmids (exluding IS elements and transposons) in the kingdom Crenarchaeota (Thermoproteales and Sulfolobales) and the orders Thermococcales and Thermoplasmales in the kingdom Euryarchaeota of the archael domain, including unpublished data from our ...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1574-6976.1996.tb00239.x
更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:N-Substituted aromatic compounds are environmental contaminants associated with the production and use of dyes, explosives, pesticides and pharmaceuticals. In this article, we examine the potential of anaerobic granular sludge from anaerobic treatment systems towards the detoxification, transformation, and mineralizat...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1574-6976.1997.tb00335.x
更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antibiotic resistance mechanisms reported in Gram-negative bacteria are causing a worldwide health problem. The continuous dissemination of 'multidrug-resistant' (MDR) bacteria drastically reduces the efficacy of our antibiotic 'arsenal' and consequently increases the frequency of therapeutic failure. In MDR bacteria,...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1574-6976.2011.00290.x
更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The initial step of methanogenesis from CO2 is the formation of formyl-methanofuran (formyl-MFR) from methanofuran (MFR), CO2 and H2. The enzymology of this novel type of CO2 fixation reaction has been difficult to study because formyl-MFR synthesis is subject to a complex activation. Recently, however, a number of ad...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0378-1097(90)90473-4
更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Gram-positive bacteria have developed elaborate mechanisms to control ammonium assimilation, at the levels of both transcription and enzyme activity. In this review, the common and specific mechanisms of nitrogen assimilation and regulation in Gram-positive bacteria are summarized and compared for the genera Bacillus,...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1574-6976.2010.00216.x
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The head assembly pathway of bacteriophage HK97 shares many features with head assembly pathways determined for other dsDNA phages, and it also provides examples of novel variations on the basic theme. We describe aspects of two specific steps in the assembly pathway, the covalent cross-linking among the assembled hea...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1574-6976.1995.tb00186.x
更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Small cells dominate photosynthetic biomass and primary production in many marine ecosystems. Traditionally, picoplankton refers to cells < or =2 microm. Here we extend the size range of the organisms considered to 3 microm, a threshold often used operationally in field studies. While the prokaryotic component of pico...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1574-6976.2008.00121.x
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Water is one of the most important bacterial habitats on Earth. As such, water represents also a major way of dissemination of bacteria between different environmental compartments. Human activities led to the creation of the so-called urban water cycle, comprising different sectors (waste, surface, drinking water), a...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/1574-6976.12062
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The genus Corynebacterium belongs to the taxonomic class Actinobacteria representing the high G+C branch of gram-positive bacteria. Among the most prominent members of this genus is Corynebacterium glutamicum, which is used by the biotechnological industry for the fermentative production of l-amino acids. Because of i...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1574-6976.2010.00228.x
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The genus Rickettsia (Alphaproteobacteria, Rickettsiales, Rickettsiaceae) is comprised of obligate intracellular parasites, with virulent species of interest both as causes of emerging infectious diseases and for their potential deployment as bioterrorism agents. Currently, there are no effective commercially availabl...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/1574-6976.12084
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Protists include all eukaryotes except plants, fungi and animals. They are an essential, yet often forgotten, component of the soil microbiome. Method developments have now furthered our understanding of the real taxonomic and functional diversity of soil protists. They occupy key roles in microbial foodwebs as consum...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1093/femsre/fuy006
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antibiotic resistance can be acquired by mutation or horizontal transfer of a resistance gene, and generally an acquired mechanism results in a predictable increase in phenotypic resistance. However, recent findings suggest that the environment and/or the genetic context can modify the phenotypic expression of specifi...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1093/femsre/fux004
更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00
