Abstract：
RATIONALE:Pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD) is a chronic and debilitating psychiatric illness. It is associated with many short-term and long-term complications including poor academic and social performance, legal problems and increased risk of suicide. Moreover, it is often complicated by other serious psychiatric disorders including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder and substance use disorders. For these reasons, there is a need for effective treatment for PBD. OBJECTIVES:To review available data from published reports of the treatment of PBD, highlighting those treatment practices for which there is scientific evidence. To suggest directions for future research. MATERIALS AND METHODS:A comprehensive Medline search was performed to identify published reports from 1995 to 2006. Reports with the greatest methodological stringency received greater focus. RESULTS:There is limited evidence from double-blind, placebo-controlled trials regarding the treatment of PBD. Available data suggests that lithium, some anticonvulsants and second-generation antipsychotics may be equally beneficial in the acute monotherapy for youth with mixed or manic states. However, because of limited response to acute monotherapy, there is increased justification for combination therapy. There is very limited data on the treatment of the depressed phase of bipolar illness in the youth. Also, very few studies have addressed the treatment of comorbidities and maintenance/relapse prevention in PBD. CONCLUSION:Although significant progress was made in the treatment of youth with bipolar disorder, there is a need for more methodologically stringent research to more precisely define evidence-based treatment strategies for PBD.
journal_name
Psychopharmacology (Berl)journal_title
Psychopharmacologyauthors
Smarty S,Findling RLdoi
10.1007/s00213-006-0569-ysubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-03-01 00:00:00pages
39-54issue
1eissn
0033-3158issn
1432-2072journal_volume
191pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of cholinergic receptor blockade in the rat prefrontal cortex on cognitive processes. The nicotinic antagonists neuronal bungarotoxin and dihydro-beta-erythroidine and the muscarinic antagonist scopolamine were injected into the prelimbic area of the prefrontal ...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02246154
更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nACh-R) agonists such as (-)-nicotine and related compounds on brain monoamine turnover. A single administration of (-)-nicotine (0.04, 0.2, 1.0, and 5.0 mg/kg SC) increased both noradrenaline (NA) and dopamine (DA) turnover ...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002130050184
更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Maternal pup searching behaviour of lactating house mice treated with apomorphine, haloperidol or saline was examined on a running board with a central depression as a nest. Pup searching was elicited by artificial ultrasonic stimuli: a female moved out from the nest either towards a 50 kHz tone (key stimulus) which i...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00174523
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Anxiety and aggression are associated with ethanol self-administration, but these behaviors can serve as either risk factors for or consequences of heavy drinking in rodents and humans. Baseline levels of aggressive-like and anxious-like behavior in non-human primates have not yet been characterized in relati...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-016-4427-2
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of acute marijuana intoxication on remote memory and new learning were assessed. To test for the effects of marijuana on remote memory, titles of one-season television shows, aired up to 14 years previously, were used in three tests measuring recognition, temporal judgement and detailed recall of facts fro...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/BF00432561
更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:While chronic intermittent administration of stimulants often induces behavioral sensitization in adulthood, stimulant sensitization has rarely been reported prior to weaning [around postnatal day (P) 21]. Consistent pairing of drug administration with the test context often facilitates sensitization in adults, yet yo...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002130050653
更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Toluene exposure during brain growth spurt has been shown to elevate the seizure susceptibility induced by N-methyl-D: -aspartate (NMDA). In the present study, behavioral responses to NMDA antagonists were studied to determine whether neonatal toluene exposure produces residual deficits in the NMDA glutamater...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-005-0137-x
更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of diazepam on spatial visualization was studied using a double-blind crossover design. Diazepam 10 mg (or placebo) was given orally to 12 healthy young men at bedtime, followed again by 10 mg (or placebo) the next morning. One hour after the administration of the morning dose, the subjects performed a ment...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00518193
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES:Footshock stress reliably reinstates heroin seeking in rats, but the time course of the development of this effect following drug withdrawal is not known. Here we studied the effect of intermittent footshock stress on reinstatement of heroin seeking following different withdrawal periods (1-66 ...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002130100748
更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:It has been demonstrated that major differences between mice of the C57BL/6J and DBA/2J inbred strains for amphetamine-induced place conditioning (preference and avoidance, respectively) are evident in standard housing conditions but abolished by temporary restricted feeding. This gene-experience model may be...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-003-1647-z
更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In mice that were scored for the length of time they remained immobile in awkward postures (cataleptic) on an inclined wire grid, a large IP dose of pilocarpine (80 mg/kg) caused a clear catalepsy, which was prevented by both dopamine agonists that were tested, apomorphine (4 or 8 mg/kg, IP) and bromocriptine (8 mg/kg...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00431769
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The 2-[14C]deoxyglucose method was used to compare the effects of the acute administration of cocaine by two different routes, intravenous and intraperitoneal, on rates of local cerebral glucose utilization in freely moving rats. Doses were initially chosen on the basis of their ability to elicit equivalent increases ...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02244931
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Using a rat relapse model, recent studies reported time dependent increases in cocaine seeking induced by re-exposure to cocaine cues, but not cocaine itself, over withdrawal periods of up to 3 months. OBJECTIVES:In the present study, we explored the time course of cocaine seeking induced by priming injectio...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-004-1861-3
更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Toluene is a misused inhalant with hallucinogenic properties and complex effects. Toluene blocks N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, releases dopamine (DA), and modifies several neurotransmitter levels; nonetheless, the mechanism by which it produces hallucinations is not well characterized. OBJECTIVES:Th...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-015-4041-8
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cholecystokinin (CCK) and dopamine (DA) coexist in both cell body and terminal areas of a mesolimbic pathway that projects from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus accumbens (N ACC). Autoradiography reveals extensive CCK binding sites in the N ACC, but not in the VTA. However, iontophoresis of CCK into the...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00445571
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The main psychoactive component of cannabis, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), can impair driving performance. Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-intoxicating cannabis component, is thought to mitigate certain adverse effects of THC. It is possible then that cannabis containing equivalent CBD and THC will differenti...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00213-019-05246-8
更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The novel nicotinic agonist 1-acetyl-4-methylpiperazine (AMP) has been studied in ligand-binding and behavioural studies. AMP methiodide potently inhibited [3H]-(-)-nicotine and [125I]-alpha-bungarotoxin binding to P2 membranes from rat brain and [125I]-alpha-bungarotoxin binding to rat skeletal muscles. AMP HCl also ...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02251292
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Although most opioid self-administration research has been conducted with laboratory animals, such research with humans is necessary to answer questions unique to human drug-taking behavior. OBJECTIVE:We investigated the influence of morphine dose and an alternative non-drug reinforcer on choice between morp...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s002130050051
更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Little is known about patterns of opiate use by heroin addicts. OBJECTIVES:To describe opiate use over time among heroin addicts who had access to legally prescribed intravenous heroin and oral opiates. METHODS:Analysis of daily drug administration records of 37 patients enrolled in the Geneva heroin mainte...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002130000492
更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rats treated weekly with cumulative doses (1-100 mg/kg, IP) of naltrexone develop an enhanced sensitivity to the operant response-rate decreasing effect of naltrexone. In the present experiment the pharmacological specificity of that enhanced sensitivity was determined by testing a variety of drugs for cross-sensitivi...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02246951
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-007-0906-9
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/BF02244317
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This pilot study was conducted to evaluate the potential of the new antidepressant moclobemide to inhibit the cytochrome enzyme P4502D6 (CYP2D6) using the cough suppressant dextromethorphan as a substrate in four extensive metabolizers (EM) of debrisoquine. The subjects received seven oral doses of 20 mg dextromethorp...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002130050481
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nefiracetam is undergoing preclinical and clinical tests as a cognition-enhancing drug in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Nicotinic cholinergic receptors are lost in AD, and nicotinic as well as muscarinic cholinergic receptors are involved in the modulation of eyeblink conditioning. Experiments were carried out using young...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002130050275
更新日期：1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Sensory and sensorimotor gating deficits are observed in schizophrenia. GABA(B) receptor deficiency is also detected in the hippocampus of schizophrenic patients. OBJECTIVES:The present study tested the hypothesis that GABA(B) receptors in the hippocampus contribute to paired-pulse gating of hippocampal audi...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-011-2274-8
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:BIMT 17, the only compound reported to be a full 5-HT1A agonist and a 5-HT2A antagonist at the frontal cortex, was assessed in three animal paradigms sensitive to antidepressants in rats: olfactory bulbectomy (OB), differential-reinforcement-of-low rate 72-s (DRL 72-s) and learned helplessness (LH). In the OB rats, BI...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002130050474
更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of chronic desmethylimipramine (DMI) treatment on measures of incentive motivation for cocaine were assessed in order to investigate the predictive validity of the extinction/reinstatement model of drug craving. Rats were trained to respond for cocaine infusions (0.75 mg/kg per 0.1 ml i.v.) or received yok...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002130050496
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) produces an acute release of 5-HT in the brain, together with increased locomotion and hyperthermia. OBJECTIVE:This study examined whether the acute functional changes of locomotor activity and body temperature are related to enhanced 5-HT release induced by ...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-010-1921-9
更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Four-day-old chicks respond to isolation with distress calling. A decrease in distress calling during isolation seems to reflect some general aspect of depressive syndrome and appears to be sensitive to pharmacological manipulation. Diverse clinically active antidepressants are able to counteract this decrease with hi...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00442235
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:The emergence of the consumption of highly potent synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (spice drugs) that produce important neurological symptoms has prompted the research on the consequences of acute and chronic use of these new psychoactive substances. Most studies on cannabinoid dependence have been per...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-020-05704-8
更新日期：2021-02-01 00:00:00
