Abstract：
:Tissue-specific stem cells are uncovered in a growing number of organs by their molecular expression profile and their potential for self-renewal, multipotent differentiation and tissue regeneration. Whether the pituitary gland also contains a pool of versatile 'master' cells that drive homeostatic, plastic and regenerative cell ontogenesis is at present unknown. Here, I will give an overview of data that may lend support to the existence of stem cells in the postnatal pituitary. During the many decades of pituitary research, various approaches have been used to hunt for the pituitary stem cells. Transplantation and regeneration studies advanced chromophobes as possible source of new hormonal cells. Clonogenicity approaches identified pituitary cells that clonally expand to floating spheres, or to colonies in adherent cell cultures. Behavioural characteristics and changes of marginal, follicular and folliculostellate cells during defined developmental and (patho-)physiological conditions have been interpreted as indicative of a stem cell role. Expression of potential stem cell markers like nestin, as well as topographical localization in the marginal zone around the cleft has also been considered to designate pituitary stem cells. Finally, a 'side population' was recently identified in the postnatal pituitary which in many other tissues represents a stem cell-enriched fraction. Taken together, in the course of the long-standing study of the pituitary, several arguments have been presented to support the existence of stem cells, and multiple cell types have been placed in the spotlight as possible candidates. However, none of these cells has until now unequivocally been shown to meet all quintessential characteristics of stem cells.
journal_name
Neuroendocrinologyjournal_title
Neuroendocrinologyauthors
Vankelecom Hdoi
10.1159/000100278subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-01-01 00:00:00pages
110-30issue
2eissn
0028-3835issn
1423-0194pii
000100278journal_volume
85pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:To examine the role of excitatory amino acid neurotransmitters in the regulation of LH and FSH secretion in ovariectomized (ovx) adult rats treated with estradiol and progesterone, we measured the release rates of the excitatory amino acid neurotransmitters, glutamate and aspartate, as well as the neurally inactive am...
journal_title：Neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000126673
更新日期：1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An experiment was performed on 21-day-old male rats to determine the combined effects of pinealectomy, constant light and darkness, and intraperitoneal (i.p.) thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) on pituitary and plasma radioimmunoassayable thyrotropin (TSH), serum thyroxine (T4), and pituitary, thyroid and body weight...
journal_title：Neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000122751
更新日期：1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Thyroid hormones and nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO/cGMP) signaling play a significant role in the structural development of the cerebellum, respectively. In the present study, the possible contribution of neuronal NO synthase (NOS) and cGMP in the thyroid hormone-induced structural changes was invest...
journal_title：Neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000203644
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The arcuate nucleus-median eminence complex (AM) undergoes major structural and functional changes during normal puberty or if exposed to a pulse of estradiol in the prepuberal period. Those changes are expressed by increased synaptogenesis and by a drastic alteration in the feedback control of anterior pituitary glan...
journal_title：Neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000124775
更新日期：1987-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) endocrine tumors are hypervascular tumors able to synthesize and secrete high amounts of VEGF. We aimed to study the regulation of VEGF production in GEP endocrine tumors and to test whether some of the drugs currently used in their treatment, such as somatostatin analogues and mTOR inhibi...
journal_title：Neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000289569
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ability of neuropeptides to act as precursors for smaller, biologically active fragments is discussed in terms of their biotransformation. This process may involve cleavage of the parent peptide by peptidase enzymes to produce shorter polypeptides with defined biological activity, though other enzymic processes su...
journal_title：Neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000124039
更新日期：1984-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) on GnRH release from the adult male rat mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) and median eminence (ME) were studied in an in vitro incubation system. CRF induced a dose-related inhibition of GnRH release from both the MBH and the isolated ME, and this inhibition was blocked ...
journal_title：Neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000124578
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Brain angiotensin II (AII) receptors play a role in the regulation of luteinizing hormone release. This action is thought to involve luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone containing neurons in the preoptic-anterior hypothalamic (POAH) area of the brain. Previous studies have demonstrated a discrete locus of AII recept...
journal_title：Neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000126225
更新日期：1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ability of dopamine receptor antagonists to stimulate prolactin release in rats with medial basal hypothalamic lesions was investigated. Starting levels of prolactin were elevated to approximately 400 ng/ml in animals in which the tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic neurons were completely destroyed by the lesion. In ...
journal_title：Neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000123188
更新日期：1981-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The outcomes of bariatric surgery are very irregular and mostly unpredictable. The search for variables of predictive value is encouraged to help preventing therapeutic failures. OBJECTIVE:We aimed to confirm the hypothesis that preexisting eating behaviors could predict neuroendocrine and metabolic outcome...
journal_title：Neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000500687
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The push-pull perfusion technique, in conjunction with specific radioimmunoassays, was used to monitor the release of both arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OXT) within distinct limbic brain areas of conscious female rats. In pregnant rats near term, the release of AVP was greater than that of virgin rats in bo...
journal_title：Neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000125917
更新日期：1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The primary treatment of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEPNETs) is surgery with curative intent or debulking of the tumor mass. In case of metastatic disease, cytoreductive options are limited. A relatively new therapeutic modality, peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) with radiolabeled somatos...
journal_title：Neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1159/000335018
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Immunoneutralization of endogenous gonadal steroids has recently been shown to modify pineal beta-adrenoceptor function in intact Merino ewes. In the current study, interactions between gonadal steroids and these receptors have been further investigated. beta-Adrenoceptor density and binding affinity both showed time-...
journal_title：Neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000124225
更新日期：1985-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The pineal gland in the rat exhibits a diurnal rhythm in activity of the enzyme serotonin N-acetyltransferase (N-AT) with peak values during the dark period of a diurnal lighting schedule approximately 100-fold those during the light period. After blinding the rhythm becomes free-running. It is abolished by partial hy...
journal_title：Neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000122489
更新日期：1976-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vasopressin-containing neurosecretory cells are partly regulated by GABAergic neurons present both at the hypothalamic and the pituitary level. In the present work, we compared GABA effects on vasopressin release from posterior pituitaries of Sprague-Dawley (SPD), Wistar (W), Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hyper...
journal_title：Neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000126585
更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rats bearing transplanted prolactin-secreting tumors are known to have very high prolactin levels in the serum, reduced hypothalamic opiate concentrations, increasing hypothalamic dopamine synthesis and increased hypophyseal portal blood dopamine levels. Further, it has been shown that incubation in 3H-leucine of ante...
journal_title：Neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000123211
更新日期：1981-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of rendering newborn male Sprague-Dawley rats hypothyroid with 131I on development of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Hormonal responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), haloperidol (H), and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) were determined at 9,...
journal_title：Neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000123011
更新日期：1980-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Gastric carcinoids are rare neuroendocrine tumors, usually classified as type I, if associated with atrophic body gastritis; type II, if associated with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and multiple endocrine neoplasia type I, and type III, in the absence of any gastric pathology (sporadic tumors). The pathological features...
journal_title：Neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1159/000080734
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Serotonin, a biologically active amine, is related to carcinoid syndrome in functioning neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Telotristat ethyl is a novel inhibitor of the tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH), a key enzyme in the production of serotonin. While its use in patients with carcinoid syndrome and uncontrolled diarrhea unde...
journal_title：Neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000502200
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study was undertaken to evaluate the 24-hour periodicity in serum prolactin levels subsequent to transecting the ascending serotonergic system or ablating the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of adult (185 g) female rats. The ascending serotonergic system was transected at the level of the rostral mesencephalo...
journal_title：Neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000123055
更新日期：1980-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The rise in the concentration of LH in the serum that takes place in ovariectomized, estrogen-primed rats exposed to the odors from a cage with bedding soiled by a male rat was completely prevented by bilateral lesions destroying the ventral premammillary (PMv) nuclei. These results suggest that the pheromonal stimuli...
journal_title：Neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000124164
更新日期：1985-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), a prolactin (PRL)-releasing factor, has been shown to be synthesized within the anterior pituitary. To test the hypothesis that estrogens increase PRL secretion, at least in part, by stimulating VIP secretion, the concentrations of VIP, peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI) and prepro...
journal_title：Neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000125622
更新日期：1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The incidence of obesity is rapidly escalating and has reached epidemic proportions. In all species, including rodents, humans, and sheep, there is large variation in the degree of weight gain across individuals in response to an obesogenic environment. This individual variation is, at least in part, determined by inn...
journal_title：Neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1159/000455232
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The secretion of gonadotropins and the role exerted by the endogenous opioid system on luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion were investigated in 6 postmenopausal women affected by idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) as well as in 6 age- and weight-matched normal postmenopausal women as controls. The mean plasma follicle...
journal_title：Neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000125773
更新日期：1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Met-enkephalin concentrations in the anterior pituitary gland were shown to decline dramatically within the first 24 h after reserpine treatment, with effects apparent as early as 6 h. This was followed by subsequent repletion and late augmentation of Met-enkephalin levels 3 weeks following reserpine. Treatment with t...
journal_title：Neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000124905
更新日期：1988-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Knowledge of specific neurotransmitters as well as the pathways and mechanisms regulating appetite in ruminants that continually graze, such as sheep, is incomplete. Although fundamentally agouti-related protein (AGRP) has a similar function across species to increase food intake, the regulation of AGRP may vary acros...
journal_title：Neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000082735
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have examined the effect of electrical stimulation in the subfornical organ (SFO) on the activity of neurons in the medial septum and diagonal band of Broca (MS-DBB) which project to the median eminence in the rat. Previous studies have suggested that septal neurons with such projections are luteinizing hormone rel...
journal_title：Neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000124991
更新日期：1988-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Both the pituitary-adrenal axis and the pituitary-gonadal axis are under the tonic inhibitory control of endogenous opioid peptides in man. However, the precise opioid receptor involved in the modulation of these hormones remains unknown. The effect of a dose of intravenous naloxone on serum levels of luteinising horm...
journal_title：Neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000124463
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Arginine-vasopressin (AVP) is regarded as a potent stimulator of pituitary adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) secretion and participates therefore in the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function in concert with the physiological activator of the axis, hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone (C...
journal_title：Neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000126787
更新日期：1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of altering gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) activity on growth hormone (GH) secretion of freely moving chronically cannulated male rats was studied. Systemic injection of the GABA agonist muscimol (2 mg/kg i.v.) inhibited the anticipated secretory episode. Increasing brain GABA levels by gamma-acetylenic-GAB...
journal_title：Neuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1159/000124031
更新日期：1984-12-01 00:00:00
