Abstract:
:Eye cups from stage 14-28 (E2 to E5) chick and quail embryos consisting of neural retina, lens, and vitreous body were cultured for 1 or 2 days. These eyes expanded by proliferation of the retinal cells and the surface areas of the retinae increased several-fold. The area covered by ganglion cells and axons also expanded in vitro. [3H]Thymidine labeling showed extensive proliferation of the neuroepithelial cells including the formation of new ganglion cells. Culturing eyes from embryos before stage 17 results, as in vivo, in the generation of the first ganglion cells of the retina, but unlike in the in vivo situation, the outgrowing axons always formed a random fiber net in the central portion of the retina. A defined axonal pattern identical to the in vivo developed only in specimens from embryos of stage 17 and older. Some aberrant axons, however, were also observed at the retinal periphery in specimens from embryos of more advanced stages (20-24), but only during the second day of culturing. Axons in retinae from embryos of stages 23 to 26 heading toward the optic fissure often crossed the fissure and, in contrast to the situation in vivo, invaded the opposite retinal side. These axons of wrong polarity followed the pathways of axons growing centripetally but in reverse direction. This suggests that the polarity of growing nerve fibers and their course are determined by different factors. Culturing the eyes of embryos from stages 20 to 25 in the presence of antibodies showed that the antibodies penetrated the entire retina with 6 hr. Neither anti-N-CAM nor the T-61 antibody--both recognizing membrane proteins of retinal cells--affected the growth of the eyes in vitro. The development of the axonal pattern in vitro was not affected by incubation with N-CAM-antibodies at concentrations up to 500 micron/ml, whereas the T-61 antibody which is known to block neurite extention in vitro (S. Henke-Fahle, W. Reckhaus, and R. Babiel (l984). "Developmental Neuroscience: Physiological, Pharmacological, and Clinical Aspects," pp. 393-398. Elsevier, Amsterdam/New York) showed inhibition of axonal growth in retina cultures at 50 micron/ml. These results indicate that the eye cultures can be used as a test system for antibodies against antigens which could be involved in axon extension and neurite pathfinding in situ.
journal_name
Dev Bioljournal_title
Developmental biologyauthors
Halfter W,Deiss Sdoi
10.1016/0012-1606(86)90194-6subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1986-04-01 00:00:00pages
296-310issue
2eissn
0012-1606issn
1095-564Xpii
0012-1606(86)90194-6journal_volume
114pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Developing vertebrate limbs are often utilized as a model for studying pattern formation and morphogenetic cell death. Herein, we report that conditional deletion of Rac1, a member of the Rho family of proteins, in mouse limb bud mesenchyme led to skeletal deformities in the autopod and soft tissue syndactyly, with th...
journal_title:Developmental biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2009.09.014
更新日期:2009-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::During endochondral bone formation, vascular invasion initiates the replacement of avascular cartilage by bone. We demonstrate herein that the cartilage-specific overexpression of VEGF-A(164) in mice results in the hypervascularization of soft connective tissues away from cartilage. Unexpectedly, perichondrial tissue ...
journal_title:Developmental biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2009.05.552
更新日期:2009-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::The interstitial cells of hydra form a multipotent stem cell system, producing terminally differentiated nerve cells and nematocytes during asexual growth. Under well-fed conditions the interstitial cell population doubles in size every 4 days. We have investigated the possible role of nerve cells in regulating this b...
journal_title:Developmental biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0012-1606(85)90089-2
更新日期:1985-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the developing vertebrate brain, growing axons establish a scaffold of axon tracts connected across the midline via commissures. We have previously identified a population of telencephalic neurons that express NOC-2, a novel glycoform of the neural cell adhesion molecule N-CAM that is involved in axon guidance in t...
journal_title:Developmental biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/dbio.1999.9549
更新日期:2000-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::The release of intracellular calcium (Ca2+) via either inositol 1,4, 5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3R) or ryanodine receptors (RyR) activates a wide variety of signaling pathways in virtually every type of cell. In the present study we demonstrate that at early stages of development IP3R mRNA and functional IP3-gated C...
journal_title:Developmental biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/dbio.1998.9120
更新日期:1999-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::Pax3/7 paired homeodomain transcription factors are important markers of muscle stem cells. Pax3 is required upstream of myod for lateral dermomyotomal cells in the amniote somite to form particular muscle cells. Later Pax3/7-dependent cells generate satellite cells and most body muscle. Here we analyse early myogenes...
journal_title:Developmental biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.10.009
更新日期:2007-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::Wnt signaling is essential to many events during organogenesis, including the development of the mammalian lung. The Wnt family member Wnt4 has been shown to be required for the development of kidney, gonads, thymus, mammary and pituitary glands. Here, we show that Wnt4 is critical for proper morphogenesis and growth ...
journal_title:Developmental biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.08.017
更新日期:2015-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::A key step in organogenesis of the Drosophila tracheal system is the integration of isolated tracheal metameres into a connected tubular network. The interaction of tracheal cells with surrounding mesodermal cells is crucial in this process. In particular, single mesodermal cells called bridge-cells are essential for ...
journal_title:Developmental biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.04.462
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The spe-9 gene is required for fertility in Caenorhabditis elegans and encodes a sperm transmembrane protein with an extracellular domain (ECD) that contains 10 epidermal growth factor (EGF) repeats. Deletion analysis reveals that the EGF repeats and the transmembrane domain are required for fertilization. In contrast...
journal_title:Developmental biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2004.05.014
更新日期:2004-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::Despite undergoing normal development and acquiring normal morphology and motility, mutations in spe-38 or trp-3/spe-41 cause identical phenotypes in Caenorhabditis elegans-mutant sperm fail to fertilize oocytes despite direct contact. SPE-38 is a novel, four-pass transmembrane protein and TRP-3/SPE-41 is a Ca(2+)-per...
journal_title:Developmental biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2012.02.037
更新日期:2012-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::Superior cervical ganglia of postnatal mice with a targeted disruption of the gene for neurotrophin-3 have 50% fewer neurons than those of wild-type mice. In culture, neurotrophin-3 increases the survival of proliferating sympathetic precursors. Both precursor death (W. ElShamy et al., 1996, Development 122, 491-500) ...
journal_title:Developmental biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/dbio.1999.9269
更新日期:1999-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::The current gene regulatory network (GRN) for the sea urchin embryo pertains to pregastrular specification functions in the endomesodermal territories. Here we extend gene regulatory network analysis to the adjacent oral and aboral ectoderm territories over the same period. A large fraction of the regulatory genes pre...
journal_title:Developmental biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2009.02.029
更新日期:2009-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::Octopamine is an important neuroactive substance that modulates several physiological functions and behaviors of invertebrate species. Its biosynthesis involves two steps, one of which is catalyzed by Tyramine beta-hydroxylase enzyme (TBH). The Tbetah gene has been previously cloned from Drosophila melanogaster, and n...
journal_title:Developmental biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2003.07.019
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mutations in the XNP/ATR-X gene cause several X-linked mental retardation syndromes in humans. The XNP/ATR-X gene encodes a DNA-helicase belonging to the SNF2 family. It has been proposed that XNP/ATR-X might be involved in chromatin remodelling. The lack of a mouse model for the ATR-X syndrome has, however, hampered ...
journal_title:Developmental biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2004.10.014
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Retinoic acid (RA) plays a critical role in neural patterning and organogenesis in the vertebrate embryo. Here we characterize a mutant of the zebrafish named giraffe (gir) in which the gene for the RA-degrading enzyme Cyp26a1 is mutated. The gir mutant displayed patterning defects in multiple organs including the com...
journal_title:Developmental biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2004.11.023
更新日期:2005-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::Urodele amphibians can regenerate their limbs. During limb regeneration, dermal fibroblasts are transformed into undifferentiated cells called blastema cells. These dermis-blastema cells show multipotency. Such so-called endogenous reprogramming of cell differentiation is one of the main targets of amphibian limb rege...
journal_title:Developmental biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.05.010
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Peptide growth factors can initiate changes in cell fate in Xenopus ectodermal explants and induce the formation of mesoderm. Marker genes expressed in mesoderm allow the analysis of whether, or how much, induction has occurred, but do not tell us what molecules are involved in carrying out the response. In this repor...
journal_title:Developmental biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/dbio.1996.0158
更新日期:1996-07-10 00:00:00
abstract::Selected stages of the developing chicken cornea have been examined for type VI collagen, employing monoclonal antibodies specific for this molecule. By immunofluorescence, the molecule is not detectable in 5 1/2 day corneas, a time at which the epithelial-derived, acellular primary stroma is the only corneal matrix p...
journal_title:Developmental biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0012-1606(86)90013-8
更新日期:1986-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two populations of blastomeres become positionally distinct during fourth cleavage in the mouse embryo; the inner cells become enclosed within the embryo and the outer cells form the enclosing layer. The segregation of these two cell populations is important for later development, because it represents the initial ste...
journal_title:Developmental biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0012-1606(90)90003-2
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have cloned a partial cDNA of chicken glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and systematically examined its expression pattern as well as that of GDNF-binding components (GDNF family receptor alpha-1 and 2: GFRalpha-1 and 2) and a common signal transduction receptor (c-ret protooncogene: RET) during ve...
journal_title:Developmental biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/dbio.1999.9543
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::During anuran metamorphosis, larval-type myotubes in both trunk and tail are removed by apoptosis, and only trunk muscles are replaced by newly formed adult-type myotubes. In the present study, we clarified the regulatory mechanisms for specific developmental fates of adult and larval muscles. Two distinct (adult and ...
journal_title:Developmental biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/dbio.2002.0800
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Arthropods, vertebrates, and annelids all have a segmented body. Our recent discovery of involvement of Notch-signalling in spider segmentation revived the discussion on the origin of segmented body plans and suggests the sharing of a common genetic program in a common ancestor. Here, we analysed the spider homologues...
journal_title:Developmental biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2005.01.024
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Drosophila nemo (nmo) and other Nemo-like kinase family members (Nlks) are well-established key regulators of numerous conserved signaling pathways, such as Wg and BMP. nmo mutants display pleiotropic defects at different developmental stages, including the embryo. In this study we describe a detailed characterization...
journal_title:Developmental biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2010.04.008
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In mouse sex differentiation, SRY promotes Sertoli cell differentiation via SOX9 action, resulting in testis formation. SRY/SOX9 also initiates various testis-specific morphogenic events including glycogenesis in pre-Sertoli cells, suggesting the importance of glucose storage for certain SRY/SOX9-downstream events in ...
journal_title:Developmental biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2008.09.004
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Caenorhabditis elegans, Wnt signaling regulates many asymmetric cell divisions. During embryogenesis, the C. elegans Dishevelled (Dsh) homolog, DSH-2, regulates asymmetric neuroblast division of the ABpl/rpppa blast cell. Dsh is a key intracellular component of both beta-catenin dependent and beta-catenin independe...
journal_title:Developmental biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2009.01.025
更新日期:2009-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::Reproductive plasticity is the ability of an animal to modulate its reproductive functions in response to environmental changes. For example, Caenorhabditis elegans, a free-living nematode, can adjust the onsets of oogenesis and embryogenesis under harsh environmental conditions, including starvation. However, the mol...
journal_title:Developmental biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.08.014
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mature heart valves and septa are derived from the cardiac cushions which initially form as local outgrowths of mesenchymal cells within the outflow tract and atrioventricular regions. Endocardial cells respond to signals from the overlying myocardium and undergo an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transformation to inva...
journal_title:Developmental biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/dbio.2001.0284
更新日期:2001-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::The enteric nervous system (ENS) of the larval moth Manduca sexta consists of two small ganglia and several nerve networks that lie superficially along the alimentary tract. Within this system are approximately 600 neurons that exhibit a spectrum of biochemical and morphological characteristics and that express these ...
journal_title:Developmental biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0012-1606(89)80039-9
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Metamorphosis in Drosophila melanogaster is orchestrated by the steroid hormone ecdysone, which triggers a cascade of primary-response transcriptional regulators and secondary effector genes during the third larval instar and prepupal periods of development. The early ecdysone-response Broad-Complex (BR-C) gene, a key...
journal_title:Developmental biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/dbio.2000.9879
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the retinotectal projection, the Eph receptor tyrosine kinase ligands ephrinA2 and ephrinA5 are differentially expressed not only in the tectum, but also in a high-nasal-to-low-temporal pattern in the retina. Recently, we have shown that retrovirally driven overexpression of ephrinA2 on retinal axons leads to topog...
journal_title:Developmental biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/dbio.1999.9489
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00