Abstract：
:During endochondral bone formation, vascular invasion initiates the replacement of avascular cartilage by bone. We demonstrate herein that the cartilage-specific overexpression of VEGF-A(164) in mice results in the hypervascularization of soft connective tissues away from cartilage. Unexpectedly, perichondrial tissue remained avascular in addition to cartilage. Hypervascularization of tissues similarly occurred when various VEGF-A isoforms were overexpressed in the chick forelimb, but also in this case perichondrial tissue and cartilage were completely devoid of vasculature. However, following bony collar formation, anti-angiogenic properties in perichondrial tissue were lost and perichondrial angiogenesis was accelerated by VEGF-A(146), VEGF-A(166), or VEGF-A(190). Once the perichondrium was vascularized, osteoclast precursors were recruited from the circulation and the induction of MMP9 and MMP13 can be observed in parallel with the activation of TGF-beta signaling. Neither perichondrial angiogenesis nor the subsequent cartilage vascularization was found to be accelerated by the non-heparin-binding VEGF-A(122) or by the VEGF-A(166)DeltaE(162)-R(166) mutant lacking a neuropilin-binding motif. Hence, perichondrial angiogenesis is a prerequisite for subsequent cartilage vascularization and is differentially regulated by VEGF-A isoforms.
journal_name
Dev Bioljournal_title
Developmental biologyauthors
Takimoto A,Nishizaki Y,Hiraki Y,Shukunami Cdoi
10.1016/j.ydbio.2009.05.552subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-08-15 00:00:00pages
196-211issue
2eissn
0012-1606issn
1095-564Xpii
S0012-1606(09)00871-9journal_volume
332pub_type
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