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Cardamonin suppresses nitric oxide production via blocking the IFN-γ/STAT pathway in endotoxin-challenged peritoneal macrophages of ICR mice.

Abstract：

AIMS:Overproduction of nitric oxide (NO) from inducible NO synthase (iNOS) plays many pivotal roles in various inflammatory diseases. In this study, we examined the effects of 6 flavonoids on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NO generation in macrophage (Mφ), and addressed molecular mechanisms of cardamonin. MAIN METHODS:Suppressive effects on NO generation in vitro were assayed in LPS-stimulated macrophages (Mφ). In vivo anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated with LPS-challenged ICR mice. Mechanistic analyses were done by ELISA, Western blot, RT-PCR, etc. KEY FINDINGS:Cardamonin, a chalcone, exhibited pronounced suppressive activity, while pinocembrin, a counterpart flavanone, was much less active. Administration of cardamonin (0.02-2 mg/kg body weight) significantly decreased NOx concentrations in the sera from LPS-challenged ICR mice. This efficacy was superior to that of curcumin, a well-known anti-inflammatory agent present in turmeric. Cardamonin down-regulated iNOS mRNA expression and suppressed activation of STAT-1, but not nuclear factor kappaB, both of which are transcription factors for the iNOS gene in peritoneal Mφ of ICR mice. Interferon (IFN)-γ was identified as the major cytokine which mediates LPS-induced STAT-1 activation and resultant iNOS expression. Intriguingly, cardamonin suppressed the activation of not only STAT-1 but also STATs-2, 3 and 4. The involvement of the JAK/STATs pathway in NO generation was suggested because its specific inhibitor, AG490, decreased NO generation. SIGNIFICANCE:Cardamonin was identified to be a unique phytochemical that targets the production of IFN- and thereby suppresses the STAT pathway for mitigating inflammation.

journal_name

Life Sci

journal_title

Life sciences

authors

Takahashi A,Yamamoto N,Murakami A

doi

10.1016/j.lfs.2011.06.027

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2011-08-29 00:00:00

pages

337-42

issue

9-10

eissn

0024-3205

issn

1879-0631

pii

S0024-3205(11)00332-8

journal_volume

89

pub_type

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