Abstract:
:The tendency to associate a given response-reinforcement combination reflects the adaptive significance of the association. Biologically relevant reinforcement can be much more effective in modifying certain responses. For example, treatments that result in various types of illness readily condition aversions to novel flavors, but electric shock is relatively ineffective. While opioid self-administration contingent on lever pressing has been extensively studied, the potential for opioids to reinforce visceral responses remains to be determined. An approach to reinforcing changes in heart rate with drug infusions is described. Methods to control for unconditioned drug effects include reversing the direction of change in heart rate required for infusions and addition of a yoked control subject. In several instances, rats exposed to .1 mg/kg infusions of morphine sulfate contingent on tachycardia showed trends for elevated heart rate, with increased locomotor and grooming activity preceding infusions. Increases in heart rate were most pronounced during daytime, normally inactive periods.
journal_name
Life Scijournal_title
Life sciencesauthors
Grasing KW,Miller NEdoi
10.1016/0024-3205(89)90571-7subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1989-01-01 00:00:00pages
1967-76issue
21eissn
0024-3205issn
1879-0631pii
0024-3205(89)90571-7journal_volume
45pub_type
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