Abstract：
RATIONALE:Receptor mechanisms underlying the behavioral effects of clinically used nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists have not been fully established. OBJECTIVE:Drug discrimination was used to compare receptor mechanisms underlying the effects of smoking cessation aids. METHODS:Separate groups of male C57BL/6J mice discriminated 0.56, 1, or 1.78 mg/kg of nicotine base. Nicotine, varenicline, and cytisine were administered alone, in combination with each other, and in combination with mecamylamine and dihydro-β-erythroidine (DHβE). Midazolam and morphine were tested to examine sensitivity to non-nicotinics. RESULTS:The ED50 value of nicotine to produce discriminative stimulus effects systematically increased as training dose increased. Varenicline and cytisine did not fully substitute for nicotine and, as compared with nicotine, their ED50 values varied less systematically as a function of nicotine training dose. Morphine did not substitute for nicotine, whereas midazolam substituted for the low and not the higher training doses of nicotine. As training dose increased, the dose of mecamylamine needed to produce a significant rightward shift in the nicotine dose-effect function also increased. DHβE antagonized nicotine in animals discriminating the smallest dose of nicotine. Varenicline did not antagonize the effects of nicotine, whereas cytisine produced a modest though significant antagonism of nicotine. CONCLUSIONS:These results suggest that differences in pharmacologic mechanism between nicotine, varenicline, and cytisine include not only differences in efficacy at a common subtype of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, but also differential affinity and/or efficacy at multiple receptor subtypes.
journal_name
Psychopharmacology (Berl)journal_title
Psychopharmacologyauthors
Cunningham CS,McMahon LRdoi
10.1007/s00213-013-3037-5subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-07-01 00:00:00pages
321-33issue
2eissn
0033-3158issn
1432-2072journal_volume
228pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Keypecking in one group of pigeons was maintained under schedules in which food was presented only when a specified number of responses was followed by a 30-s pause without a response. d-Amphetamine and pentobarbital increased low rates of responding (and, thus, decreased food presentation) only after initial injectio...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00426485
更新日期：1977-07-18 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Central CB1 cannabinoid receptors regulate anxiety-like and appetitive consummatory behaviors. Pharmacological antagonism/inverse-agonism of CB1 receptors increases anxiety and decreases appetitive behaviors; however, neither well-defined dose nor context dependence of these effects has been simultaneously as...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-013-3042-8
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Twelve healthy male volunteers took part in a double-blind randomised cross-over study composed of three treatment sessions: remoxipride 100 mg; remoxipride 100 mg plus biperiden 4 mg; and biperiden 4 mg. Plasma and urine concentrations of remoxipride and biperiden, plasma prolactin levels, salivary flow and adverse e...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/BF02257403
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Little is known about the smoking topography characteristics of heavy cannabis users. Such measures may be able to predict cannabis use-related outcomes and could be used to validate self-reported measures of cannabis use. OBJECTIVES:The current study was conducted to measure cannabis smoking topography char...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-011-2480-4
更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONAL:It has been suggested that phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors such as sildenafil may be effective in the treatment of negative symptoms of schizophrenia. OBJECTIVE:This study was designed to investigate the effect of sildenafil added to risperidone as augmentation therapy in patients with chronic schizophrenia an...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00213-010-2044-z
更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Toluene exposure during brain growth spurt has been shown to elevate the seizure susceptibility induced by N-methyl-D: -aspartate (NMDA). In the present study, behavioral responses to NMDA antagonists were studied to determine whether neonatal toluene exposure produces residual deficits in the NMDA glutamater...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-005-0137-x
更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Pre-clinical and clinical studies have suggested that the antidepressant efficacy of escitalopram (ESC) can be augmented by co-administration of aripiprazole (ARI). OBJECTIVE:To establish if the effects of ESC + ARI can be altered by modulating the 5-HT1a receptor. METHODS:Sprague-Dawley male rats received ...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-019-05225-z
更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Male Sprague-Dawley rats were evaluated between ages 18 and 825 days for responses to doses of haloperidol (0 and 0.05-10 mg/kg, IP). Catalepsy, ptosis, and inhibition of general motor activity showed steady decreases in sensitivity to the drug with age during the first 1.5 years of maturation, while rats older than 1...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00422406
更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic treatment of rats with choline caused a decrease in the hypothermic response to pilocarpine. The action of choline on the muscarinic receptors is consistent with electrophysiological and binding studies, supporting a direct muscarinic action for choline. Administration of direct muscarinic agonists has been sh...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00427955
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of dietary caffeine and the amount and palatability of food on the acquisition of cocaine (0.2 mg/kg) self-administration were examined. Using an autoshaping procedure, seven groups of 13 rats each were trained to press a lever resulting in a cocaine (0.2 mg/kg infusion under a fixed-ratio 1 (FR 1) schedul...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002130050596
更新日期：1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Maternal pup searching behaviour of lactating house mice treated with apomorphine, haloperidol or saline was examined on a running board with a central depression as a nest. Pup searching was elicited by artificial ultrasonic stimuli: a female moved out from the nest either towards a 50 kHz tone (key stimulus) which i...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00174523
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:In drug-dependent individuals, the primary excessive motivation is for drugs. Studies also indicate altered interest for "natural" rewarding activities associated with motivational disorders that may be relevant to drug dependence. However, to date, the impact of drug dependence and withdrawal upon motivation...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-011-2612-x
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Amphetamine administration has been found to affect the degree of cerebral dominance for motor control in animals. In humans, cerebral dopamine neurotransmission is also correlated to motor dominance. Since language dominance is related to motor dominance, amphetamine might also affect cerebral dominance for ...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00213-005-0176-3
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Withdrawal was precipitated by naloxone at different intervals, up to 22.5 h, following a last maintenance injection in morphine-dependent rats. Different symptoms of withdrawal were found to be preeminent following different morphine-naloxone intervals. Locomotor activity, jumping, and writhing were precipitated most...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00426773
更新日期：1977-10-20 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of postethanol treatment with L-Dopa, aminophylline and/or ephedrine was investigated. In one experiment, healthy, male, moderate drinkers ingested ethanol (0.8 g/kg) and then either L-Dopa (1.5 g), or placebo. In a second experiment, subjects ingested ethanol followed by aminophylline (200 mg), ephedrine (...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/BF00497849
更新日期：1977-12-28 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:There is a growing concern over excessive caffeine use and development of caffeine use disorder in children. OBJECTIVES:This study aimed to identify the association between caffeine intake and cognitive functioning in children. METHODS:This study included 11,718 youths aged 9-10 years with cognitive and caf...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-020-05596-8
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Acute diazepam administration has been shown to decrease plasma cortisol levels consistent with decreased activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, especially in individuals experiencing stress. However, the effects of chronic diazepam treatment on cortisol have been less studied, and the relations...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-004-1974-8
更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of the selective noradrenaline neurotoxin DSP4 on steady-state operant behaviour was examined using a quantitative behavioural paradigm based on Herrnstein's (1970) equation, which defines a hyperbolic relationship between steady-state response rate and reinforcement frequency in variable-interval schedules...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02180039
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Increased anxiety is a characteristic of the acute ethanol withdrawal syndrome. Repeated exposure of rats to withdrawal from chronic ethanol increases sensitivity to seizures. OBJECTIVES:We investigated whether repeated withdrawal experience increases withdrawal-induced anxiety and stress, and if it changes ...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-005-0301-3
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nefiracetam is undergoing preclinical and clinical tests as a cognition-enhancing drug in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Nicotinic cholinergic receptors are lost in AD, and nicotinic as well as muscarinic cholinergic receptors are involved in the modulation of eyeblink conditioning. Experiments were carried out using young...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002130050275
更新日期：1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:The high prevalence of smoking and low cessation rates among individuals with schizophrenia and similar conditions are not well understood. Behavioral economics has been extensively applied to studying addictive behavior and may contribute to understanding smoking in this subpopulation. OBJECTIVES:This study...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-011-2185-8
更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A prospective, placebo-controlled, comparative evaluation was conducted on two widely prescribed, sympatholytic antihypertensive agents with known CNS effects. In order to separately assess these effects in younger and older male hypertensives, patients were assigned to either of two treatment studies based on age. Fo...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/BF02245917
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The formamidine pesticides amitraz and chlordimeform have recently been shown to be potent proconvulsants (Gilbert 1988). Two main neuroactive properties have been identified as mediators of formamidine neurotoxicity, alpha-2 adrenergic agonism and local anesthetic actions. These two proposed mechanisms of formamidine...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00442802
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Research suggests the experimental manipulation of oxytocin facilitates positive interactions, cooperation, and trust. The mechanism by which oxytocin influences social behavior is not well understood. OBJECTIVE:We explored the hypothesis that oxytocin alters how people perceive themselves, which could be on...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00213-011-2527-6
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Repeated exposure to psychostimulant drugs causes a long-lasting increase in the psychomotor and reinforcing effects of these drugs and an array of neuroadaptations. One such alteration is a hypersensitivity of striatal activity such that a low dose of amphetamine in sensitized animals produces dorsal striata...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-008-1100-4
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of eight serotonin (5-HT) receptor antagonists on the anorectic effect of d-fenfluramine (3.0 mg/kg, IP) were examined in a test of sweet mash consumption, using non-deprived male rats. d-Fenfluramine's effect was attenuated by the mixed 5-HT1/5-HT2 receptor antagonists, methiothepin and metergoline; by th...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00442252
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Predicting what will happen in the future in terms of potential reward is essential in daily life. The aim of the current study was to investigate the neurotransmitter systems involved in the anticipation of reward value and probability. We hypothesized that dopaminergic and noradrenergic antagonism would affect antic...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-020-05515-x
更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:The drug discrimination procedure has proven to be a valuable tool for studying the mechanism of action of psychoactive drugs. Recently, mice with targeted gene mutations have been developed that may also prove useful in evaluating the role of specific receptors in mediating the actions of drugs. We were inte...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-002-1252-6
更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Beneficial effects of nicotine on cognitive processes including attention have potential therapeutic uses and have been proposed as incentives for tobacco smoking. OBJECTIVES:To establish task conditions under which the effects of nicotine on attention are obtained reliably and to characterise such effects f...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-002-1005-6
更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE/OBJECTIVES:Previous research has shown that ecstasy users are impaired in thinking and reasoning. The present study sought to explore the possibility that syllogistic reasoning errors in ecstasy users were due to an inability to construct a model of the premises due to working memory limitations. METHODS:Twe...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-005-0006-7
更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00
