Abstract:
RATIONALE:Beneficial effects of nicotine on cognitive processes including attention have potential therapeutic uses and have been proposed as incentives for tobacco smoking. OBJECTIVES:To establish task conditions under which the effects of nicotine on attention are obtained reliably and to characterise such effects further. METHODS:Rats were trained in a modified version of the five-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT) to detect 1-s light stimuli with greater than 70% accuracy and fewer than 20% omission errors. Nicotine was tested under different task requirements by varying signal event rate, stimulus duration and stimulus predictability, and by introducing white-noise distractors. RESULTS:Nicotine (0.05-0.2 mg/kg, s.c.) repeatedly improved accuracy and reduced omission errors and reaction times, leading to increases in numbers of reinforcers earned. Anticipatory responding was increased. Parametric modifications intended to increase demands on sustained attention did not affect performance in a manner suggesting that this subtype of attention was being taxed, and the effects of nicotine were not more marked under such conditions. Shorter stimulus durations impaired performance, but this manipulation weakened the effect of nicotine on accuracy. In contrast, the presence of noise distractors facilitated the effects of nicotine to the extent that distractor-induced impairments were abolished by the drug. CONCLUSIONS:The 5-CSRTT can provide a sensitive rodent model for the attention-enhancing effects of nicotine. Changes made to the procedure may have increased its sensitivity to nicotine, particularly with respect to accuracy. There were indications that the effects of nicotine were largest on processes of selective attention or on disengaging attention from irrelevant events and shifting it to behaviourally significant stimuli.
journal_name
Psychopharmacology (Berl)journal_title
Psychopharmacologyauthors
Hahn B,Shoaib M,Stolerman IPdoi
10.1007/s00213-002-1005-6subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-07-01 00:00:00pages
129-37issue
2eissn
0033-3158issn
1432-2072journal_volume
162pub_type
杂志文章abstract:RATIONALE:Although newer interview methods such as Structured Interview Guide for the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (SIGMA; MADRS) with audiotaping and Rater Applied Performance Scale (RAPS) appraisal have been introduced to improve reliability of ratings in antidepressant clinical trials, there is limited ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-014-3584-4
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Neuromedin-U (NmU) is an agonist at NMU1R and NMU2R. The brain distribution of NmU and its receptors, in particular NMU2R, suggests widespread central roles for NmU. In agreement, centrally administered NmU affects feeding behaviour, energy expenditure and pituitary output. Further central nervous system (CNS...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-004-1918-3
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The discriminative stimulus (DS) effect of apomorphine was investigated in rats trained in a two-lever, food-reinforcement procedure. Rats were given subcutaneous injections of saline or 0.1 mg/kg apomorphine HCl, 15 min before training sessions. The training dose of apomorphine was chosen to activate dopamine autorec...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00690928
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:A history of brief intermittent social defeat stress can escalate cocaine self-administration and induce long-term adaptations in the mesolimbic dopamine system. Extra-hypothalamic corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF) has been shown to be closely associated with stress-induced escalation of drug use. How re...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-017-4676-8
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Experiments were carried out using rats to investigate whether 5-HT1A neural mechanisms are involved in lithium-induced conditioned taste aversion (CTA). We found that the 5-HT1A antagonists p-MPPI and pindolol caused CTA similar to that produced by LiCl. The 5-HT1A agonist 8-OH-DPAT counteracted lithium-induced CTA. ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002130050370
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Various dopamine receptor antagonists have divergent clinical and neurochemical properties. The relative ability of anticholinergics (benztropine and scopolamine) to reverse these drugs was assessed in squirrel monkeys and rats performing a Sidman avoidance task. In monkeys, benztropine markedly attenuated the effects...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00432433
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Recent studies suggest that orexin/hypocretin is involved in drug reward and drug-seeking behaviors, including ethanol self-administration. However, orexin's role in ethanol-induced seeking behaviors remains unclear. OBJECTIVE:These studies examined the role of orexin in the acquisition and expression of eth...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-010-2082-6
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Antidepressants are known to modify human sleep patterns. OBJECTIVES:Duloxetine is a new antidepressant with a mechanism of action involving reuptake inhibition of both serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE). In this study, the effects of two dosing regimens of duloxetine on sleep electroencephalography (E...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s00213-004-1961-0
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The forced swimming test is reviewed. This test appears to be suitable for detecting antidepressant activity in rats but not in mice. Difference in experimental procedure may account for the different sensitivity to drugs of the two animal species. ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/BF00176837
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Using a rat relapse model, recent studies reported time dependent increases in cocaine seeking induced by re-exposure to cocaine cues, but not cocaine itself, over withdrawal periods of up to 3 months. OBJECTIVES:In the present study, we explored the time course of cocaine seeking induced by priming injectio...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-004-1861-3
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00432441
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Stimulant medications for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adolescents remain controversial with respect to later development of cocaine abuse. Past research demonstrated that adolescent methylphenidate treatment increased several aspects of cocaine self-administration during adulthood using...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-016-4419-2
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:The effects of caffeine, especially caffeinated coffee, on human performance have been extensively studied. However, few studies have been naturalistic representations of how tea/coffee is normally consumed in terms of dose and time of consumption. OBJECTIVES:This study investigated the effects of day-long c...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s002130000383
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Cocaine-seeking behavior can be investigated in rodents using the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm, in which the drug-paired environment serves as a conditioned stimulus. Such approach allowed to previously demonstrate the importance of the neuromodulatory sigma1 (sigma1) receptor in acquisition of...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-004-1814-x
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A prospective, placebo-controlled, comparative evaluation was conducted on two widely prescribed, sympatholytic antihypertensive agents with known CNS effects. In order to separately assess these effects in younger and older male hypertensives, patients were assigned to either of two treatment studies based on age. Fo...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF02245917
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The anorectic activity of the d and l isomers of d-fenfluramine (d-FF) (l-FF) were compared with d-amphetamine (d-amp) when given separately and together in 12 healthy male volunteers. The study was double blind and placebo controlled. Food intake was measured using an automated food dispenser. Anorectic activity was ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF02801976
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:The intake of psychostimulant drugs may induce cognitive dysfunction and negative affective-like states, and is associated with increased activity of stress-responsive systems. The corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) system mediates neuroendocrine, behavioural and autonomic responses to stressors, and might ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-014-3534-1
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Alcohol has been shown to increase smoking urges and smoking behavior. However, alcohol's effects on specific components of smoking behavior for nicotine versus non-nicotine factors and potential sex differences in this response have not been investigated. METHODS:Forty-two young male and female non-depen...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s00213-009-1638-9
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies indicate that morphine dependence, assessed as the severity of naloxone-precipitated opiate withdrawal in rats, is attenuated by dizocipline, a non-competitive, excitatory amino acid antagonist. Because ethanol is a putative excitatory amino acid antagonist, the present study compared the effects of co-...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002130050428
更新日期:1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluvoxamine interferes with the metabolism of tricyclic antidepressants. The present investigation was set out to characterize these interactions in vitro using rat liver microsomes and in vivo by analysing levels of clomipramine and metabolites in sera of depressed patients ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02245180
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In neuroleptic therapy for psychotic illness, clinical improvement is produced more slowly than is central dopamine blockade, and its time course is highly variable between patients. A theory of neuroleptic-responsive psychotic illness thus requires more than dopamine blockade, though that appears to be the first step...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/BF00176470
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rats were chronically administered either haloperidol (HAL) or fluphenazine (FLU) via depot injections for 8 months, given these same drugs in their drinking water for the next 2 months, and then withdrawn from the drugs. Throughout the experiment the animals were tested repeatedly in an enclosed tube using a computer...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00174701
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Recent studies have shown that pharmacological inhibition of the 12-lipoxygenase pathway selectively blocks opioid inhibition of GABAergic synaptic currents. A similar mechanism has been shown for the regulation of glutamate release in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) during acute withdrawal from morphine, al...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-003-1526-7
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Demonstrations of associative tolerance to the analgesic effects of morphine, not confounded by practice or novelty effects, have been restricted to the tail-flick and flinch-jump tests. OBJECTIVES:Experiment 1 investigated whether associative tolerance would be found on two other nociceptive assessment meth...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002130051077
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:In recent years, there has been growing research interest in using nicotine replacement medications to aid smoking reduction prior to a quit attempt. Gaining a better understanding of how treatments influence smoking reduction may allow for better tailoring of treatments and, ultimately, better cessation out...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-017-4604-y
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The behavioural effects of selective mu-, kappa- and delta-opioid agonists in 5-, 10- and 20-day-old rats were investigated by observational analysis. The predominant response to mu-agonists was behavioural depression. High doses (10 mg/kg IP) of morphine and DAGO (D-Ala2, NMe-Phe4, Glyol5-enkephalin) produced overt s...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00439459
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Measurements of the amplitude and latency of the P3b component of the event-related potential (ERP), simple reaction time (SRT) and four psychomotor tests (VAS, DSST, DSp and CFF) were made on 12 male subjects (aged 19-24 years) 1.0-1.5 and 4.0-4.5 h after single oral doses of triprolidine (7.5 mg), terfenadine (60 mg...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00451699
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of acute nicotine administration, following a 12-h cigarette deprivation period, using a computerized performance assessment battery (PAB). The PAB was comprised of five tasks which were selected to reflect a variety of complex acquired behaviors, sometimes referred ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00443406
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Clinically, nicotine improves attention, but this has proven difficult to demonstrate preclinically. We tested nicotine in Sprague-Dawley (SD) and Lister hooded (LH) rats in the five-choice serial reaction time task. Since SD rats demonstrate lower asymptotic performance than LH rats, we surmised that nicotin...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002130000605
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been shown that pretreatment with dopamine (DA) receptor blockers disrupts the effect of intravenously (IV) and intracerebrally (ICV), but not intraperitoneally (IP) administered cocaine on place preference conditioning (PPC). The present study was undertaken to further evaluate possible differences between IV ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00735892
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00