Abstract:
:While simultaneously maintaining homeostasis and reducing further harm to the host, the immune system is equipped to eliminate both tumors and pathogenic microorganisms. Bifurcated into cell-mediated and humoral immunity, the adaptive immune system requires a series of complex and coordinated signals to drive the proliferation and differentiation of appropriate subsets. These include signals that modulate cellular metabolism. When first published in the 1920s, "the Warburg effect" was used to describe a phenomenon in which most cancer cells relied on aerobic glycolysis to meet their biosynthetic demands. Despite the early observations of Warburg and his colleagues, targeting cancer cell metabolism for therapeutic purposes still remains theoretical. Notably, many T cells exhibit the same Warburg metabolism as cancer cells and the therapeutic benefit of targeting their metabolic pathways has since been reexamined. Emerging evidence suggests that specific metabolic alterations associated with T cells may be ancillary to their subset differentiation and influential in their inflammatory response. Thus, T cell lymphocyte activation leads to skewing in metabolic plasticity, and issue that will be the subject of this review.
journal_name
Int Rev Immunoljournal_title
International reviews of immunologyauthors
Fracchia KM,Walsh CMdoi
10.3109/08830185.2014.974748subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-01-01 00:00:00pages
3-18issue
1eissn
0883-0185issn
1563-5244journal_volume
34pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::IL-10-deficient (IL-10-/-) mice, generated by a gene-targeted mutation, develop abnormal immune responses as a result of uncontrolled interactions between antigen presenting cells and lymphocytes. The studies reviewed herein have focused on the enterocolitis that spontaneously develops in IL-10-/- mice. Not unexpected...
journal_title:International reviews of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/08830180009048392
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sperm protein 17 belongs to the cancer/testis antigen family and was found to play a key role in the cell fusion process between the mammalian spermatozoa and egg. Sperm protein 17-specific autoantibodies in vasectomized males suggest its high expression in the testis. Sperm protein 17 expression levels are low or abs...
journal_title:International reviews of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/08830185.2011.569903
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interleukin-5 (IL5) is a T cell-derived cytokine involved in the pathogenesis of atopic diseases. It specifically controls the production, the activation and the localization of Eosinophils. The Eosinophils are the major cause of tissue damage resulting in the symptoms of asthma and related allergic disorders. T cells...
journal_title:International reviews of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/08830189809042996
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dendritic cells (DC) are the most potent and versatile antigen-presenting cells (APC) in the immune system. DC have an exceptional ability to comprehend the immune context of a captured antigen based on molecular signals identified from its vicinity. The analyzed information is then conveyed to other immune effector c...
journal_title:International reviews of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/08830185.2015.1096935
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phagosome-lysosome (P-L) fusion is one of the central immune-effector responses of host. It is known that phagosome maturation process is associated with numerous signaling cascades and among these, important role of calcium (Ca2+) signaling has been realized recently. Ca2+ plays key roles in actin rearrangement, acti...
journal_title:International reviews of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/08830185.2019.1592169
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A technology is described which combines the power of T lymphocytes in eliminating unwanted cells and causing beneficial inflammatory reactions with the great advantages of monoclonal antibodies. We show that heteroconjugate antibodies and hybrid antibodies, in which one of the component binding sites is anti-T-cell r...
journal_title:International reviews of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/08830188909044779
更新日期:1989-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The B cell-stimulating molecules, BAFF (B cell activating factor) and APRIL (a proliferation-inducing ligand), are critical factors in the maintenance of the B cell pool and humoral immunity. In addition, BAFF and APRIL are involved in the pathogenesis of a number of human autoimmune diseases, with elevated levels of ...
journal_title:International reviews of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/08830185.2016.1276903
更新日期:2017-01-02 00:00:00
abstract::In recent decades, extensive studies have indicated that IL-17A plays an important role in tumor progression and metastasis, but the underlying mechanisms are not immediately clear. In this review, we examined the literature from the recent years concerning the study of IL-17A in four kinds of tumor transfer paths, in...
journal_title:International reviews of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/08830185.2017.1356296
更新日期:2017-11-02 00:00:00
abstract::Solid organ transplantation has become a clinical practice after the development of different immunosuppressive drugs that allowed controlling rejection. The price to be paid for that is the permanent risk of infections and malignancies and a significant drug-associated toxicity. The establishment of transplant tolera...
journal_title:International reviews of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/08830185.2013.829468
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aberrations of both innate immunity and adaptive immunity in genetically predisposed individuals evoked by environmental factors are suggested to be implicated in pathophysiological processes of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Autophagy, a degradation pathway in which cytoplasmic content is engulfed and degraded b...
journal_title:International reviews of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/08830185.2013.879711
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Noncoding RNA comprises of microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that are abundantly present in mammalian transcriptome. These noncoding RNAs have been implicated in multiple biological processes through the regulation of gene expression. Each of these noncoding RNAs were found to have multiple genes ta...
journal_title:International reviews of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/08830185.2019.1648454
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transplant recipients receive immunosuppressive drugs to prevent graft rejection and graft loss. Immunosuppressive drugs are dosed according to empiric treatment protocols, which consider the risk of under- or oversuppression, rejection, infection, cancer, and drug side effects. An individualized immunosuppressive pro...
journal_title:International reviews of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/08830180902929404
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A unifying theory of B cell development and lineage commitment is presented. There are two firmly established B lineages: cells which normally arise only from fetal sources and lack N insertions in their rearranged heavy chains; and N-containing cells which arise from adult bone marrow precursors (and perhaps from lat...
journal_title:International reviews of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/08830189209055576
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Classical and non-classical monocytes are two well-defined subsets of monocytes displaying distinct roles. They differentially express numerous genes relevant to their primary role. Using five independent transcriptomic microarray datasets, we ruled out several inconsistent genes and identified common genes consistent...
journal_title:International reviews of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/08830185.2014.902453
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), an autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), is becoming more and more prevalent in the recent years. Data on family and twin studies carry evidence for strong genetic influence on AITD susceptibility and development. The most common approaches to unravel the background of those diseases are who...
journal_title:International reviews of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/08830185.2012.755175
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) persists as a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease and is characterized by the production of autoantibodies and immune complexes that affect multiple organs. The underlying mechanism that triggers and sustains disease are complex and involve certain susceptibility genes and enviro...
journal_title:International reviews of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/08830181003602507
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of macaques is the best available animal model for studying the pathogenesis of AIDS. Experimental inoculation of macaques with SIV results in a persistent infection that leads to immunodeficiency, opportunistic infections, and death. Most aspects of the illness, including...
journal_title:International reviews of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/08830189209056641
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The B cell repertoire consists of three tiers of clonotype diversity. One tier, which is the product of H chain V region rearrangements in the absence of N additions, is of limited diversity (less than 10(8) clonotypes) so that clonotypes of this tier would be expected to recur within and among B cells of individuals ...
journal_title:International reviews of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/08830189209055571
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two of the key events in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis are the synovial cell proliferation and lymphocyte infiltration into the synovium. The resulting synovitis is longlasting and leads to destructive arthritis, which is a hallmark of rheumatoid arthritis. Accumulating evidence suggests that one of the key...
journal_title:International reviews of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/08830189809054411
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The C-type lectins DC-SIGN, DC-SIGNR and LSECtin are encoded by the lectin gene cluster on chromosome 19p13.3 and perform cell-adhesion and pathogen recognition functions on dendritic cells, liver cells and lymph node sinusoidal endothelial cells. DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR share similar overall gene and protein molecule st...
journal_title:International reviews of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/08830185.2013.834897
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The concept of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) as molecules able to redirect T lymphocytes toward tumor cells is currently being exploited in the field of cancer immunotherapy. Despite promising preliminary results, some clinical trials evidenced limitations for this technology that must be overcome for more extensi...
journal_title:International reviews of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/08830185.2011.595855
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cancer immunotherapy comprises different therapeutic strategies that exploit the use of distinct components of the immune system, with the common goal of specifically targeting and eradicating neoplastic cells. These varied approaches include the use of specific monoclonal antibodies, checkpoint inhibitors, cytokines,...
journal_title:International reviews of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/08830185.2015.1018419
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The receptors on human natural killer 9NK cells which can specifically bind the Fc portion of immunoglobulin molecules (Fc receptors) have been extensively studied. The best known and studied Fc receptor on human NK cells is FcgammaRIIIa. Interactions of NK cells with IgG antibodies via this receptor are well known to...
journal_title:International reviews of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/08830180109054414
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although the B cell antigen receptor (BCR) transmits survival and activation signals, BCR ligation can induce apoptosis in both immature and mature B cells. BCR-mediated apoptosis is suggested to play a role in self-tolerance by deleting self-reactive B cells. Generation of an apoptotic signal through BCR appears to d...
journal_title:International reviews of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/08830180109045590
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clinical manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are extremely diverse and variable, mainly because SLE is a multi-factorial disease. Variable combinations of contributing genes at multiple loci in individual patients probably result in diverse disease phenotypes. Genes that predispose to SLE are undoubte...
journal_title:International reviews of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/08830180009055500
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::CD40 is a 48 kDa glycoprotein predominantly expressed on B cells in both mouse and man, which interacts with a counterligand (CD40L), expressed on activated CD4+ T cells. CD40/CD40L interactions are now known to be essential for the initiation of antibody responses to T-dependent antigens. In this review we discuss th...
journal_title:International reviews of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/08830189709068169
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Immune privilege was first explored in the late 1800s by van Dooremaal, and was then extended by Medawar in the mid 1900s to fit in with emerging concepts of transplantation immunology. Modern concepts and understanding of immune privilege come from subsequent studies produced by Medawar, Billingham, and Streilein. Th...
journal_title:International reviews of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/08830180212066
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Manipulation of the immune system in order specifically to attack autologous tumor cell has been a distant goal, largely due to the poor definition of tumor-associated antigens. By focussing on B cell lymphomas which express a molecularly defined clonal marker, the idiotypic immunoglobulin, it has been possible to gen...
journal_title:International reviews of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/08830188909044783
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Peripheral blood lymphocytes from nonatopic subjects and atopic patients were analyzed for cells expressing Fc receptors for IgE (Fc epsilon R). Nonatopic humans and atopic patients in remission had approximately 1 percent of Fc epsilon R+ peripheral blood lymphocytes. Usually greater than 99 percent of these cells we...
journal_title:International reviews of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/08830188709044747
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Over the past few decades, advancements in molecular and cell biology have allowed scientists to identify a large number of new antigens from a variety of viral and bacterial pathogens. However, successful development of these antigens into effective vaccines strongly relies on delivery systems able to avoid the rapid...
journal_title:International reviews of immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/08830180903215605
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00