Current status of allograft tolerance in intestinal transplantation.

abstract：:The goal of finding an effective vaccine against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is hampered by our uncertainty of the mechanism(s) responsible for the pathogenesis as well as the lack of knowledge of protective mechanisms. The effects of HIV on the immune system are myriad and thus the truly significant manife...

journal_title：International reviews of immunology

authors： Lewis DE,Giorgi JV

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The immune response to the phosphorylcholine (PC) hapten elicited by PC-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) is composed of 2 groups of antibodies with specificity to either PC or phenylphosphorylcholine which were designated as group I and II anti-PC antibodies, respectively. We demonstrate that anti-PC IgE antibody expre...

journal_title：International reviews of immunology

authors： Blaser K,Heusser CH

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The B cell repertoire consists of three tiers of clonotype diversity. One tier, which is the product of H chain V region rearrangements in the absence of N additions, is of limited diversity (less than 10(8) clonotypes) so that clonotypes of this tier would be expected to recur within and among B cells of individuals ...

journal_title：International reviews of immunology

authors： Decker DJ,Klinman NR

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A unifying theory of B cell development and lineage commitment is presented. There are two firmly established B lineages: cells which normally arise only from fetal sources and lack N insertions in their rearranged heavy chains; and N-containing cells which arise from adult bone marrow precursors (and perhaps from lat...

journal_title：International reviews of immunology

authors： Wortis HH

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Most contemporary models of hematopoiesis assume lineage fidelity of early progenitor cells. Along with this concept normal hematopoietic cells and the majority of leukemias express exclusively myeloid or lymphoid specific antigens. On the other hand, growing evidence exists challenging the lineage fidelity model. Chr...

journal_title：International reviews of immunology

authors： Schmidt CA,Przybylski GK

更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The tolerogenic phenotype of human dendritic cells is characterized by high cell surface expression of the inhibitory receptor ILT3. ILT3 signals both intracellularly inhibiting tyrosine phosphorylation, NF-kappaB and MAPK p38 activity, transcription of certain co-stimulatory molecules, secretion of cytokines and chem...

journal_title：International reviews of immunology

authors： Vlad G,Chang CC,Colovai AI,Vasilescu ER,Cortesini R,Suciu-Foca N

更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The development and establishment of the B Cell Repertoire is the net result of both genetic and environmental forces. The primary event at the genetic level is Ig gene rearrangement resulting in numerous possible combination of genes which can be further modified by somatic events such as N segment addition and somat...

journal_title：International reviews of immunology

authors： Kearney JF,Won WJ,Benedict C,Moratz C,Zimmer P,Oliver A,Martin F,Shu F

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The B cell-stimulating molecules, BAFF (B cell activating factor) and APRIL (a proliferation-inducing ligand), are critical factors in the maintenance of the B cell pool and humoral immunity. In addition, BAFF and APRIL are involved in the pathogenesis of a number of human autoimmune diseases, with elevated levels of ...

journal_title：International reviews of immunology

authors： Samy E,Wax S,Huard B,Hess H,Schneider P

更新日期：2017-01-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Although the B cell antigen receptor (BCR) transmits survival and activation signals, BCR ligation can induce apoptosis in both immature and mature B cells. BCR-mediated apoptosis is suggested to play a role in self-tolerance by deleting self-reactive B cells. Generation of an apoptotic signal through BCR appears to d...

journal_title：International reviews of immunology

authors： Tsubata T

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cell metabolism is closely related to the host immunity in many respects. We herein briefly summarized the recent progress on the roles of cellular metabolism in T-cell development, homeostasis, differentiation and functions. Relatively quiescent naïve T cells only require energy for survival and migration, and they m...

journal_title：International reviews of immunology

authors： Chen H,Yang T,Zhu L,Zhao Y

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Transplant recipients receive immunosuppressive drugs to prevent graft rejection and graft loss. Immunosuppressive drugs are dosed according to empiric treatment protocols, which consider the risk of under- or oversuppression, rejection, infection, cancer, and drug side effects. An individualized immunosuppressive pro...

journal_title：International reviews of immunology

authors： Daniel V,Opelz G

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dendritic cells are professional antigen-presenting cells that maintain immune tolerance to self-antigens by deleting or controlling the pathogenicity of auto-reactive T-cells. Dendritic cell-based immunotherapies show great promise for the restoration of tolerance in autoimmune disease. Dendritic cells can be modifie...

journal_title：International reviews of immunology

authors： Hilkens CM,Isaacs JD,Thomson AW

更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) is a significant problem in women of childbearing ages and is caused by Candida albicans, a commensal organism of the intestinal and reproductive tracts. As a result of this commensalism, most healthy individuals have demonstrable Candida-specific adaptive immunity that is con...

journal_title：International reviews of immunology

authors： Fidel PL Jr

更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two of the key events in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis are the synovial cell proliferation and lymphocyte infiltration into the synovium. The resulting synovitis is longlasting and leads to destructive arthritis, which is a hallmark of rheumatoid arthritis. Accumulating evidence suggests that one of the key...

journal_title：International reviews of immunology

authors： Takeuchi T,Abe T

更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The gram-positive bacterium Streptococcus gordonii was engineered to express the microbicidal molecule H6, which is an antiidiotypic single chain antibody mimicking a yeast killer toxin. S. gordonii is a human commensal which we developed as a model system for mucosal delivery of heterologous proteins. The in vivo can...

journal_title：International reviews of immunology

authors： Oggioni MR,Beninati C,Boccanera M,Medaglini D,Spinosa MR,Maggi T,Conti S,Magliani W,De Bernardis F,Teti G,Cassone A,Pozzi G,Polonelli L

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human membrane and soluble Fc epsilon receptors (Fc epsilon RI, Fc epsilon RII/CD23) and Fc gamma receptors (Fc gamma RI/CD64, Fc gamma RII/CD32, Fc gamma RIII/CD16) have been implicated in a number of diseases. Their functional roles such as capture and clearance of immune complexes, antibody-dependent cell cytotoxic...

journal_title：International reviews of immunology

authors： Rouard H,Tamasdan S,Moncuit J,Moutel S,Michon J,Fridman WH,Teillaud JL

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dendritic cells (DC) from human peripheral blood are susceptible to productive and probably to latent infection with HIV-I. Infection of DC also occurs in vivo since in HIV-seropositive individuals Langerhans' cells of the skin and DC from peripheral blood, (in preparation) are infected. In peripheral blood 3-25% of D...

journal_title：International reviews of immunology

authors： Knight SC,Macatonia SE,Patterson S

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:Human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G) is a non-classical HLA class I molecule involved in inducing tolerance at the feto-maternal interface and in escape of immune response by tumor cells. The aim of the study is to review the published literature on the expression of HLA-G in malignant melanomas and its clinicop...

journal_title：International reviews of immunology

authors： Marletta S,Girolami I,Munari E,Pantanowitz L,Bernasconi R,Torresani E,Brunelli M,Eccher A

更新日期：2021-01-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Aberrations of both innate immunity and adaptive immunity in genetically predisposed individuals evoked by environmental factors are suggested to be implicated in pathophysiological processes of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Autophagy, a degradation pathway in which cytoplasmic content is engulfed and degraded b...

journal_title：International reviews of immunology

authors： Zhou XJ,Cheng FJ,Zhang H

更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Type I collagen, the most abundant protein of the body, is preferentially synthesized in bone, dermis, and tendons by two cell types, the osteoblast and the fibroblast. The expression of type I collagen is increased in the various forms of fibrosis such as lung, liver, bone marrow fibrosis and scleroderma. Type I coll...

journal_title：International reviews of immunology

authors： Karsenty G,Park RW

更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Leukocytes can't perform phagocytosis in blood stream. Blood velocity prevents phagocytosis because there is no time for leukocyte to recognize and catch bacteria. Bloodstream clearance from pathogens is performed by erythrocytes. During motion in bloodstream erythrocytes become charged by triboelectric effect. This c...

journal_title：International reviews of immunology

authors： Minasyan HA

更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fibrosis is a consequence of chronic inflammation and the persistent accumulation of extracellular matrix, for which the cycle of tissue injury and repair becomes a predominant feature. Both the innate and adaptive immune systems play key roles in the progress of fibrosis. The recently identified subsets of innate lym...

journal_title：International reviews of immunology

authors： Zhang Y,Tang J,Tian Z,van Velkinburgh JC,Song J,Wu Y,Ni B

更新日期：2016-09-02 00:00:00

abstract：:IVIgG preparations are now widely applied for immune modulatory treatment in various forms of autoimmune and immune complex diseases. Several controlled studies clearly demonstrated the clinical efficacy of this type of treatment; the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, however, have yet to be elucidated. Among ...

journal_title：International reviews of immunology

authors： Mannhalter JW,Eibl MM

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dendritic cells (DC) are the most potent and versatile antigen-presenting cells (APC) in the immune system. DC have an exceptional ability to comprehend the immune context of a captured antigen based on molecular signals identified from its vicinity. The analyzed information is then conveyed to other immune effector c...

journal_title：International reviews of immunology

authors： Volovitz I,Melzer S,Amar S,Bocsi J,Bloch M,Efroni S,Ram Z,Tárnok A

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Clinical manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are extremely diverse and variable, mainly because SLE is a multi-factorial disease. Variable combinations of contributing genes at multiple loci in individual patients probably result in diverse disease phenotypes. Genes that predispose to SLE are undoubte...

journal_title：International reviews of immunology

authors： Shirai T,Hirose S

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Genetic alterations of the BCL-6 gene in mice and man have established BCL-6 as a pivotal regulator of normal differentiation of B and T lymphocytes as well as one of the most frequently translocated oncogenes in human B cell lymphomas. As an oncogene, BCL-6 has not been easy to place into existing paradigms of cellul...

journal_title：International reviews of immunology

authors： Staudt LM,Dent AL,Shaffer AL,Yu X

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:While simultaneously maintaining homeostasis and reducing further harm to the host, the immune system is equipped to eliminate both tumors and pathogenic microorganisms. Bifurcated into cell-mediated and humoral immunity, the adaptive immune system requires a series of complex and coordinated signals to drive the prol...

journal_title：International reviews of immunology

authors： Fracchia KM,Walsh CM

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Infectious diseases are a major challenge for the poultry industry that causes widespread production losses. Thus, management and control of poultry health and diseases are essential for the viability of the industry. Toll-like receptors are best characterized as membrane-bound receptors that perform a central role in...

journal_title：International reviews of immunology

authors： Nawab A,An L,Wu J,Li G,Liu W,Zhao Y,Wu Q,Xiao M

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neonates often respond poorly to conventional vaccines or microbial infections. Immaturity of the immune system has been considered to play a role in this regard. However, accumulating evidence shows that in certain conditions, neonatal inoculation of antigens leads to protective immunity. In the particular case of DN...

journal_title：International reviews of immunology

authors： Bot A

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Immune privilege was first explored in the late 1800s by van Dooremaal, and was then extended by Medawar in the mid 1900s to fit in with emerging concepts of transplantation immunology. Modern concepts and understanding of immune privilege come from subsequent studies produced by Medawar, Billingham, and Streilein. Th...

journal_title：International reviews of immunology

authors： Stein-Streilein J,Streilein JW

更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00