Abstract：
:Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a putative autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) in which autoreactive immune cells recognizing myelin antigens lead to demyelination and axonal injury. Mechanisms relevant to the pathogenesis of MS have not been fully elucidated, particularly those underlying initiation of immune system dysfunction. For example, it is not known how reactivity against CNS components is generated within the peripheral immune system. In this review, we propose that a significant contribution to the immunoregulatory events may derive from a cell-to-cell communication system involving the production, secretion and transfer of extracellular vesicles known as exosomes. Herein, we discuss in detail the biogenesis and roles of these cell surface-generated vesicles from the standpoint of receptors and their cargo, microRNA. It is well known that exosomes can cross the blood-brain barrier and thus may contribute to the spread of brain antigens to the periphery. Further understanding of exosome-dependent mechanisms in MS should provide a novel angle to the analysis of the pathogenesis of this disease. Finally, we launch the idea that exosomes and their contents may serve as biomarkers in MS.
journal_name
J Neuroimmunoljournal_title
Journal of neuroimmunologyauthors
Selmaj I,Mycko MP,Raine CS,Selmaj KWdoi
10.1016/j.jneuroim.2017.02.002subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-05-15 00:00:00pages
1-10eissn
0165-5728issn
1872-8421pii
S0165-5728(16)30436-2journal_volume
306pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:A significant skewing of the peripheral T cell repertoire has been shown in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS). Most of the studies already performed in this field are cross-sectional and therefore, little is known of the T cell repertoire evolution over time in MS and the correlation of T cell repertoire var...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneuroim.2006.05.006
更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The majority of human oligodendrocytes in enriched glial cell cultures expresses class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens. We used a 51Cr release assay to study the susceptibility of oligodendrocyte-enriched glial cells to MHC-restricted and non-restricted immune-mediated cytolysis. Mitogen-activated mo...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-5728(90)90058-u
更新日期：1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aggregation and deposition of transactivation response DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) in neurons and astrocytes is characteristic in a number of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal lobar degeneration, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Nevertheless, the exact role of TDP-43 in...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneuroim.2017.10.011
更新日期：2017-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Enzymatically derived nitric oxide (NO) has been implicated in numerous physiological and pathological processes in the brain. Whereas during development NO participates in developmental and maturation processes, excess NO production in the adult in response to inflammation, injury, or trauma participates in both cell...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0165-5728(01)00246-6
更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Among the death ligands of the tumor necrosis factor/nerve growth factor (TNF/NGF) superfamily, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is considered to play a unique role due to its binding to both apoptosis-inducing and -blocking membranous receptors, apoptosis-independent effects and distinct species differen...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0165-5728(01)00450-7
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The involvement of the immune system has been hypothesized in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In this study a significantly higher level of TNF-alpha and its soluble receptors, TNF-R1 and TNF-R2, has been found in plasma of patients affected by the sporadic form of ALS compared to normal subje...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneuroim.2007.10.028
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this report, we show that the human astroglioma cell line, D54-MG, constitutively expresses C3 mRNA and secretes antigenically detectable C3 protein. The cytokine interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) enhances C3 mRNA and protein expression by D54-MG cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. C3 mRNA from both D54-MG cells...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-5728(92)90020-l
更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Exposure of newborn mice to Gross murine leukemia virus (GMuLV) results in persistent viral infection of the central nervous system (CNS) white matter. Animals exposed to virus as neonates showed a marked depression in GMuLV-specific B lymphocyte function as evidenced by significant decreases in adult and neonatal ant...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-5728(91)90093-m
更新日期：1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Gangliosides modulate various T cell effector functions through poorly defined mechanisms. To begin to understand one of their effects, the present study examined how normal brain-derived gangliosides suppress T cell proliferation using the murine T cell line, EL4, as a model. Gangliosides inhibited EL4 cell growth by...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0165-5728(98)00038-1
更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Failure of CD95-mediated apoptosis as a potential negative regulatory mechanism of T cell expansion may be involved in T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Recently, soluble CD95 has been shown to be elevated in MS patients with active disease. Here, we report that the sera of MS patien...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0165-5728(98)00032-0
更新日期：1998-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Neurological damage caused by intoxication with Shiga toxin (Stx) from enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli is the most unrepairable and untreatable outcome of Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome, and occurs in 30% of affected infants. In this work intracerebroventricular administration of Stx2 in rat brains significantly increas...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneuroim.2010.03.001
更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intraperitoneal (i.p.) treatment of Wistar rats with bovine myelin (BM) or myelin basic protein (MBP) previously to immunization with BM-CFA showed a diminished incidence and severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) (2/13 and 0/7, respectively) when compared with rats immunized with BM-CFA (11/17) o...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0165-5728(96)00117-8
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:IgM paraproteins often present reactivity to myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) and sulfatide. We describe the clinical and neurophysiological findings, and therapy response in 21 patients with IgM paraproteinemic neuropathy (15 with anti-MAG antibodies, 1 with anti-sulfatide antibodies, and 5 with both reactivity),...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneuroim.2015.02.009
更新日期：2015-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Melatonin is known as an antistress and immunostimulator compound while glucocorticoids have immunosuppressive function. The mechanism of action of both the hormones on immune cells is still a question. We found that melatonin improved the effect of dexamethasone (synthetic glucocorticoid) induced immunosuppression of...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneuroim.2013.03.002
更新日期：2013-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Autoantibodies against pituitary peptides were demonstrated in sera from multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Ten patients with lupus erythematosus disseminatus (SLE) and 97 healthy blood donors served as controls. The sera were used as primary antibodies in the indirect immuno-enzyme cytochemical (IEC) method, with fixe...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-5728(83)90007-3
更新日期：1983-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study examined the mechanism by which exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) alters mu-opioid receptor (MOR) expression in immune and neuronal cells using an in vitro conditioned medium model system. We found that LPS stimulated the intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and MOR expression in m...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneuroim.2011.05.009
更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Autotaxin (ATX) is an enzyme producing lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) from lysophosphatidyl choline (LPC) and it is up-regulated in inflammatory conditions such as various cancers, arthritis and multiple sclerosis (MS). Numerous studies have shown that the LPA signaling gives rise to angiogenesis, mitosis, cell prolifera...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneuroim.2014.06.006
更新日期：2014-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Two pairs of monozygotic twins, discordant for myasthenia gravis (MG) for more than 30 years, were studied regarding T cell and antibody reactivity against disease related autoantigens, the acetylcholine receptor, one idiotypic and one anti-idiotypic human monoclonal antibody. The healthy and myasthenic twins had very...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneuroim.2003.09.019
更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Myelin-reactive T helper-17 cells are implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, we analyzed the reactivity of peripheral naive and memory conventional CD4(+)CD127(high) T cells (Tconv) of MS patients and healthy controls (HC) towards myelin basic protein (MBP), myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotei...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneuroim.2010.05.025
更新日期：2010-09-14 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite a number of new therapies that are effective in reducing the inflammatory component of multiple sclerosis, the underlying cause of the disease remains uncertain. One of the most powerful tools available to an investigator to help in unraveling the underlying disease mechanisms in MS is the incorporation of car...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jneuroim.2010.12.010
更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by activated microglia are deleterious to neurons. In this study, we studied the effect of Mn(III)tetrakis(1-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphyrin (MnTMPyP), a superoxide dismutase/catalase mimetic, on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in rat mesencep...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneuroim.2003.10.040
更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Depression and chronic fatigue are frequently present in multiple sclerosis (MS); however, the prevalence rates have not been investigated in neuromyelitis optica (NMO). Thirty-nine consecutive NMO and 75 MS patients were compared using self-rating questionnaires for depressive states, daily activity, and fatigue, as ...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneuroim.2015.05.007
更新日期：2015-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Single-point-in-time ELISA optical densities for three putative antibodies identified in Sydenham's chorea, the streptococcal group A carbohydrate antigen, N-acetyl-beta-d-glucosamine, tubulin, and the dopamine 2 receptor, showed no differences in children with PANDAS (n=44) or Tourette syndrome (n=40) as compared to ...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneuroim.2013.09.010
更新日期：2013-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Increases in spontaneous sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and gamma radiation-induced chromosome aberrations have been reported in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, suggesting the presence of an abnormality in repair in this disease. We tested this hypothesis by measuring the abi...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-5728(89)90155-0
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sulfatide is a major glycosphingolipid in myelin and a target for autoantibodies in autoimmune neuropathies. However neuropathy disease models have not been widely established, in part because currently available monoclonal antibodies to sulfatide may not represent the diversity of anti-sulfatide antibody binding patt...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.07.004
更新日期：2018-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The microglia-mediated neuroinflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Advanced glycation end products (AGEs)/receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) or Rho/Rho kinase (ROCK) are both involved in the development of non-specific inflammation. However, there are few...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jneuroim.2017.02.010
更新日期：2017-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Lewis rats sensitized against peripheral nervous system antigens can be protected against experimental allergic neuritis (EAN) by the intraperitoneal injection of silica quartz dust. Two doses of 200 mg silica given 8 and 11 days post-inoculation (dpi) protected against the development of both clinical and pathologica...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-5728(82)90020-0
更新日期：1982-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated the effects of interferon beta-1a (IFN beta-1a) on specific response towards two immunodominant MBP peptides and on global production of IgG. We evaluated 54 sera from multiple sclerosis (MS) patients at baseline and 1 year after treatment. We did not observe any modification of immune response to the ...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0165-5728(02)00204-7
更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Thirty monoclonal antibodies produced by mouse hybrid myelomas which react with antigens in hamster or mouse nervous system tissues were derived. Using these antibodies as probes with indirect immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase techniques, we can selectively identify by morphological criteria many of the structur...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-5728(81)90019-9
更新日期：1981-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) has well recognized effects on cerebral endothelial cells and, therefore, may mediate disruption of blood-brain barrier in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). To evaluate the in vivo relationship of TNF-alpha to blood-brain barrier impairment in MS, levels of this cytokine in...
journal_title：Journal of neuroimmunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-5728(92)90087-2
更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00
