Abstract：
:Transferrin (T f) and its carbohydrate-deficient isoform (CDT) were measured by radioimmunoassay in phosphate-buffered saline extracts of two informative areas of cerebral cortex tissue obtained at autopsy from alcoholics without other associated disease (n = 4); alcoholics with cirrhosis of the liver (n = 4) and agematched controls (n = 4). Total T f was also measured in two informative cortical areas from five dementia cases. All cases were male. Total immunoreactive T f was assayed directly in the extract, CDT immunoreactivity in the concentrated eluate after the sialylated form was removed by passing through DEAE-Sephacel at pH 5.65. Brain CDT averaged 10% of total T f overall. Although replicate extractions of individual samples gave consistent assays for both substances, there was wide variation both between different cortical areas from a given case and between cases within groups. There were no significant differences between total T f levels in uncomplicated alcoholics, dementia cases and controls, but cirrhotic alcoholics gave significantly higher values. The CDT: T f ratio was not increased in the brains of either group of alcoholics compared to controls. Whereas the serum CDT: T f ratio is an excellent marker of recent alcohol consumption, brain T f and CDT concentrations do not mark alcoholism nor dementia, and their biological variability diminishes their usefulness as disease indices. However, brain T f may be a marker of cirrhosis-induced changes.
journal_name
Addict Bioljournal_title
Addiction biologyauthors
Dodd PR,Eckert AL,Fletcher LM,Kril JJ,Harper CG,Halliday JWdoi
10.1080/13556219772633subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-07-01 00:00:00pages
337-48issue
3eissn
1355-6215issn
1369-1600journal_volume
2pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The present study was undertaken to examine whether genetically predetermined differences in components of the endocannabinoid system were present in the brain of Sardinian alcohol-preferring (sP) and Sardinian alcohol-non-preferring (sNP) rats, a pair of rat lines selectively bred for opposite alcohol preference. The...
journal_title：Addiction biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1369-1600.2010.00299.x
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In utero exposure of fetuses to tobacco is associated with reduced birth weight. We hypothesized that this may be due to the toxic effect of carbon monoxide (CO) from tobacco, which has previously been described to damage mitochondria in non-pregnant adult smokers. Maternal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), ...
journal_title：Addiction biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/adb.12183
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The total concentration of THC has been monitored in cannabis preparations sold in Dutch coffee shops since 1999. This annual monitoring was issued by the Ministry of Health after reports of increased potency. The level of the main psychoactive compound, Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), is measured in marijuana and ...
journal_title：Addiction biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/13556210500123217
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Alcoholic drinks are capable of triggering a wide range of allergic and allergic-like responses, including rhinitis, itching, facial swelling, headache, cough and asthma. Limited epidemiological data suggests that many individuals are affected and that sensitivities occur to a variety of drinks, including wine, beer a...
journal_title：Addiction biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/1355621031000069828
更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Addiction is characterized by a persistent loss of behavioral control resulting in insensitivity to negative feedback and abnormal decision-making. Here, we investigated the influence of methamphetamine (METH)-paired contextual cues on decision-making in rats. Choice between goal-directed actions was sensitive to outc...
journal_title：Addiction biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/adb.12316
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic inhalation of volatile solvents induce severe brain damage. In humans, intense exposure to volatile solvents for recreational purposes is frequently associated with chronic malnutrition. We studied in rats the effects of chronic inhalation of volatile solvents and malnutrition, alone and combined, on the seizu...
journal_title：Addiction biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/13556219871994
更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although the notion that alcohol promotes violence is widespread, not all individuals are aggressive while intoxicated. Genetic variation could be a contributing factor to individual differences in alcohol-heightened aggression. The present study examines the effects of OPRM1C77G genotype on responses to threat in rhe...
journal_title：Addiction biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/adb.12428
更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Moderately sized, case-control studies have related alcohol dependence in middle-aged in-patients to lower second-to-fourth finger length ratio (2D:4D), a proxy for prenatal hyperandrogenization. As primary aim, we here intended to confirm that lower 2D:4D is also associated with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of M...
journal_title：Addiction biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/adb.12815
更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Alcoholism is a chronic relapsing disorder, and stress is a key precipitant of relapse. The nucleus incertus (NI) is highly responsive to corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) and psychological stressors, receives a CRF innervation and expresses CRF1 and CRF2 receptor mRNA. Furthermore, the ascending NI relaxin-3 syst...
journal_title：Addiction biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/adb.12426
更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Positive and negative emotional experiences induced by addictive drugs play an important role in the development of dysfunctional drug-related memory, which becomes resistant to extinction and contributes to high rate of relapse. Those memories may undergo a process called reconsolidation that in some cases can be dis...
journal_title：Addiction biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1369-1600.2012.00443.x
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous research in rodents suggests that the long-term neurobehavioral disturbances induced by chronic ethanol (EtOH) exposure could be due to endocannabinoid system (ECS) alterations. Moreover, ECS failure has been proposed to mediate the cognitive impairment and β-amyloid production in Alzheimer disease (AD). Thus...
journal_title：Addiction biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/adb.12883
更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Impulsive delayed reward discounting (DRD) is an important behavioral process in alcohol use disorders (AUDs), reflecting incapacity to delay gratification. Recent work in neuroeconomics has begun to unravel the neural mechanisms supporting DRD, but applications of neuroeconomics in relation to AUDs have been limited....
journal_title：Addiction biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/adb.12017
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neuroadaptations that participate in the ontogeny of alcohol dependence are likely a result of altered gene expression in various brain regions. The present study investigated brain region-specific changes in the pattern and magnitude of gene expression immediately following chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) exposure...
journal_title：Addiction biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1369-1600.2011.00357.x
更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The habit of chewing fresh leaves and twigs of khat (Catha edulis) for their stimulating amphetamine-like effects is highly prevalent in East Africa and southwest on the Arabic peninsula. There is an extensive literature on khat providing information about its history, botany, production, geographical distribution, ch...
journal_title：Addiction biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/13556210500353020
更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The neural and genetic factors underlying chronic tolerance to alcohol are currently unclear. The GluN2A N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) subunit and the NMDAR-anchoring protein PSD-95 mediate acute alcohol intoxication and represent putative mechanisms mediating tolerance. We found that chronic intermittent eth...
journal_title：Addiction biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/adb.12110
更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The rate of acetaldehyde metabolism was measured in aortic rings from rat strains genetically bred for high (UChB) and low (UChA) voluntary ethanol consumption. The results show that in aortic rings from naive UChB rats, acetaldehyde oxidation rates were significantly greater than the rates observed in aortic rings fr...
journal_title：Addiction biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/13556219971849
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We examined whether acute administration of phencyclidine (PCP), an antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-channel complex, can cause neuronal toxicity that is associated with apoptosis. Three- and 24-month-old rats were placed in locomotor activity chambers. PCP (50 mg/kg) or saline (0.15 M NaCl) were...
journal_title：Addiction biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/13556210050003748
更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recreational use of the drug 4-methylmethcathinone (mephedrone; 4-MMC) became increasingly popular in the United Kingdom in recent years, spurred in part by the fact that it was not criminalized until April 2010. Although several fatalities have been associated with consumption of 4-MMC and cautions for recreational u...
journal_title：Addiction biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/adb.12038
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Drug addiction is a chronic and relapsing brain disorder, influenced by complex interactions between endogenous and exogenous factors. Per2, a circadian gene, plays a role in drug addiction. Previous studies using Per2-knockout mice have shown a role for Per2 in cocaine, morphine and alcohol addiction. In the present ...
journal_title：Addiction biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/adb.12663
更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Inhibitory optogenetics was used to examine the roles of the prelimbic cortex (PL), the nucleus accumbens core (NAcore) and the PL projections to the NAcore in the reinstatement of cocaine seeking. Rats were microinjected into the PL or NAcore with an adeno-associated virus containing halorhodopsin or archaerhodopsin....
journal_title：Addiction biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1369-1600.2012.00479.x
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Converging epidemiological studies show that a life-threatening event increases the incidence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which carries 30% to 50% comorbidity with substance use disorders (SUDs). Such comorbidity results in greater drug use and poorer treatment outcomes. There is overlap between the endur...
journal_title：Addiction biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/adb.12798
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although our previous studies have demonstrated both protein kinase C (PKC) and GluN2B-containing N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (GluN2B-NMDAR) play crucial roles in morphine-associated learning and memory, the relationship between them remains unexplored. In this study, we validated the enhanced PKC and membrane GluN2...
journal_title：Addiction biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/adb.12558
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to profile and compare blood naltrexone and 6-beta-naltrexol levels with time following treatment with two sustained-release naltrexone preparations produced by GoMedical Industries, Australia at a community heroin treatment clinic in Perth, Western Australia. A sample of 10 patients who each...
journal_title：Addiction biology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1080/13556210410001674103
更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) is a promising new biological state marker of recent alcohol consumption that detects alcohol use reliably over a definite time period. Other currently available markers lack acceptable sensitivity and specificity. Our aim is to elucidate under naturalistic conditions the time course of EtG exc...
journal_title：Addiction biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/1355621021000006035
更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Individuals suffering from substance use disorder often experience relapse events that are attributed to drug craving. Insular cortex (IC) function is implicated in processing drug-predictive cues and is thought to be a critical substrate for drug craving, but the downstream neural circuit effectors of the IC that med...
journal_title：Addiction biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/adb.12961
更新日期：2020-08-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Hypothalamic orexin/hypocretin (Orx/Hcrt) neurons are thought to mediate both food-reinforced behaviors and behavior motivated by drugs of abuse. However, the relative role of the Orx/Hcrt system in behavior motivated by food versus drugs of abuse remains unclear. This investigation addressed this question by contrast...
journal_title：Addiction biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/adb.12441
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Long-term alcohol use affects cognitive and neurophysiological functioning as well as structural brain development. Combining simultaneous electroencephalogram (EEG) recording with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) enables direct, in vivo exploration of cortical excitability and assessment of effective and funct...
journal_title：Addiction biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/adb.12486
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) has been used to measure simultaneously the concentrations of both carbon disulphide and acetone in exhaled breath following the ingestion of a single dose of disulfiram (Antabuse). Carbon disulphide is a product of the metabolism of disulfiram and is excreted mainly ...
journal_title：Addiction biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1369-1600.2006.00015.x
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The capacity of the liver to synthesize insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and their binding proteins (IGFBPs) may be compromised by alcohol. The characteristics of IGFBP-3 variants obtained from healthy individuals and patients with alcoholic cirrhosis (ALC) were compared. Concanavalin A (Con A) affinity electrophore...
journal_title：Addiction biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/1355621031000069927
更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This invited commentary on the paper 'White Matter Connectivity and Internet gaming disorder' by Jeong et al. (unpublished) looks at the implications and importance of the MRI findings in the present study-one of the largest to date-and also considers the broader developments of neuroimaging within the complex, emergi...
journal_title：Addiction biology
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1111/adb.12265
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
