Abstract：
:The bulk of brain energy expenditure is allocated for maintenance of perpetual intrinsic activity of neurons and neural circuits. Long-term electrophysiological and neuroimaging studies in anesthetized and behaving animals show, however, that the great majority of nerve cells in the intact brain do not fire action potentials, i.e., are permanently silent. Herein, I review emerging data suggesting massive redundancy of nerve cells in mammalian nervous system, maintained in inhibited state at high energetic costs. Acquired in the course of evolution, these collections of dormant neurons and circuits evade routine functional undertakings, and hence, keep out of the reach of natural selection. Under penetrating stress and disease, however, they occasionally switch in active state and drive a variety of neuro-psychiatric symptoms and behavioral abnormalities. The increasing evidence for widespread occurrence of silent neurons warrants careful revision of functional models of the brain and entails unforeseen reserves for rehabilitation and plasticity.
journal_name
Brain Struct Functjournal_title
Brain structure & functionauthors
Ovsepian SVdoi
10.1007/s00429-019-01835-7subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-04-01 00:00:00pages
973-983issue
3eissn
1863-2653issn
1863-2661pii
10.1007/s00429-019-01835-7journal_volume
224pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The striosome (or patch) was first identified with anatomical techniques as neurons organized in a three-dimensional labyrinth inserted in and interdigitating the rest of neostriatum: the matrix. Striosome and matrix rapidly became known as two neuronal compartments expressing different biochemical markers, embryonic ...
journal_title：Brain structure & function
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00429-015-1000-4
更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The developing cerebellum is extremely vulnerable to hypoxia which can damage the Purkinje neurons. We hypothesized that this might be mediated by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) derived from activated microglia as in other brain areas. One-day-old rats were subjected to hypoxia following, w...
journal_title：Brain structure & function
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00429-012-0491-5
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A hierarchical and modular organization is a central hypothesis in the current primate model of auditory cortex (AC) but lacks validation in humans. Here we investigated whether fMRI connectivity at rest and during active tasks is informative of the functional organization of human AC. Identical pitch-varying sounds w...
journal_title：Brain structure & function
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00429-018-1612-6
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors have retracted this article Jannesari et al. (2019) because an incorrect version of the article was published in error. The manuscript has been republished as Jannesari et al. (2020). All authors agree to this retraction. ...
journal_title：Brain structure & function
pub_type： 杂志文章,撤回出版物
doi：10.1007/s00429-020-02042-5
更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is limited information on the role of GABA type A receptors (GABAARs) containing α1, α5 and γ2 subunits in learning and memory. Here, we assessed the possible role of such receptors in spatial learning using the multiple T-maze (MTM) paradigm. C57BL/6J mice were trained in the MTM which induced elevated levels o...
journal_title：Brain structure & function
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00429-016-1233-x
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dominant theories of episodic memory propose that a key mechanism of memory consolidation is replay-a process, whereby neural patterns of activation during learning are reinstated during offline post-learning periods. Here, we tested whether key signatures of replay defined by studies in rodents, such as recapitulatio...
journal_title：Brain structure & function
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00429-018-1790-2
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The baboon provides a model of photosensitive, generalized epilepsy. This study compares cerebral blood flow responses during intermittent light stimulation (ILS) between photosensitive (PS) and healthy control (CTL) baboons using H 2 (15) O-PET. We examined effective connectivity associated with visual stimulation in...
journal_title：Brain structure & function
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00429-015-1022-y
更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The acoustic radiation is a compact bundle of fibers conveying auditory information from the medial geniculate nucleus of the thalamus to the auditory cortex. Topographical knowledge of this bundle in primates is scarce and in vivo diffusion-based tractography reconstructions in humans remains challenging, especially ...
journal_title：Brain structure & function
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00429-017-1471-6
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In recent years, the demonstration that structural changes can occur in the human brain beyond those associated with development, ageing and neuropathology has revealed a new approach to studying the neural basis of behaviour. In this review paper, we focus on structural imaging studies of language that have utilised ...
journal_title：Brain structure & function
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00429-009-0211-y
更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is well established that environmental influences play a key role in sculpting neuronal connectivity in the brain. One example is the olfactory sensory map of topographic axonal connectivity. While intrinsic odorant receptor signaling in olfactory sensory neurons (OSN) determines anterior-posterior counter gradient...
journal_title：Brain structure & function
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00429-014-0783-z
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Projections from the prefrontal cortex (PFC) to the amygdala (AMG) regulate affective behaviors in a manner that is modulated by dopamine (DA). Although PFC and DA inputs overlap within the basolateral nucleus (BLA) and intercalated cell masses (ICMs), the spatial relationship between these afferents has not been inve...
journal_title：Brain structure & function
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00429-008-0180-6
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the superior parietal lobule (SPL), the anterior part (area PE) is known to process somatosensory information, while the caudalmost part (areas V6Av and V6) processes visual information. Here we studied the visual and somatosensory properties of the areas PEc and V6Ad located in between the somatosensory and visual...
journal_title：Brain structure & function
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00429-017-1593-x
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous work in the precocious rodent Octodon degus has shown that exposure to early life stress (ELS) (induced by repeated parental separation) results in changes of excitatory, inhibitory and modulatory transmitter systems in prefrontal and limbic regions of the male brain. The aim of this study was to test the hyp...
journal_title：Brain structure & function
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00429-013-0688-2
更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Network-level analysis based on anatomical, pairwise similarities (e.g., cortical thickness) has been gaining increasing attention recently. However, there has not been a systematic study of the impact of spatial scale and edge definitions on predictive performance, which is necessary to obtain a clear understanding o...
journal_title：Brain structure & function
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00429-020-02136-0
更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) input to the claustrum is required for top-down cognitive control of action. By virtue of its widespread cortical connectivity, the claustrum is anatomically situated to process and broadcast top-down signals from ACC to downstream cortices. To gain a deeper understanding of claustrum p...
journal_title：Brain structure & function
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00429-018-1731-0
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two anorexigenic peptides, thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and urocortin 3 (UCN3), are co-expressed in a continuous neuronal group that extends from the perifornical area to the bed nucleus of stria terminalis, raising the possibility that this cell group may be involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis. In...
journal_title：Brain structure & function
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00429-017-1553-5
更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Substance used during adolescent period increases the risk of psychiatric disorders in later life, but the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. We hypothesize that synaptic remodeling and changes of homeostasis in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) following adolescent cocaine exposure may last for a long tim...
journal_title：Brain structure & function
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00429-017-1590-0
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:World-wide methamphetamine (meth) use is increasing at a rapid rate; therefore, it has become increasingly important to understand the synaptic changes and neural mechanisms affected by drug exposure. In rodents, 6-h access to contingent meth results in an escalation of drug intake and impaired cognitive sequelae typi...
journal_title：Brain structure & function
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00429-016-1322-x
更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An account of work performed at the UNA laboratories since 1992 on the detection and description of interlaminar glial processes, is presented. The incidental observation (serendipity) of longer than expected glial processes in the superficial layers of the cerebral cortex in hemiparkinsonian Cebus apella monkeys, was...
journal_title：Brain structure & function
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00429-016-1332-8
更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:MRI was employed to follow the neurodegenerative foci and the localization of inflammatory cells by magnetically labeled CD4+ or CD8+ lymphocytes in the ischemia/reperfusion long-lived rats (9 and 13 months after 10 min of cardiac arrest). MRI of ischemic rats showed: (1) blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage in the area ...
journal_title：Brain structure & function
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00429-011-0336-7
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Growing evidence indicates that physical exercise increases hippocampal volume. This has consistently been shown in mice and men using magnetic resonance imaging. On the other hand, histological studies have reported profound alterations on a cellular level including increased adult hippocampal neurogenesis after exer...
journal_title：Brain structure & function
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00429-014-0976-5
更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Reduction in the amount of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in corticostriatal afferents is thought to contribute to the vulnerability of medium spiny striatal neurons in Huntington's disease. In young Bdnf heterozygous ((+/-)) mice, striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) express less preprodynorphin (PPD), prep...
journal_title：Brain structure & function
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00429-010-0282-9
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ghrelin is a stomach-derived hormone that regulates a variety of biological functions such as food intake, gastrointestinal function and blood glucose metabolism, among others. Ghrelin acts via the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR), a G-protein-coupled receptor located in key brain areas that mediate specifi...
journal_title：Brain structure & function
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00429-018-1682-5
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Exercise (physical activity) has been proposed as a treatment for drug addiction. In rodents, voluntary wheel running reduces cocaine and nicotine seeking during extinction, and reinstatement of cocaine seeking triggered by drug-cues. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of chronic wheel running during...
journal_title：Brain structure & function
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00429-014-0905-7
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Electrical stimulation of the dorsolateral periaqueductal gray (dlPAG) in rats has been shown to elicit panic-like behaviour and can be a useful as an unconditioned stimulus for modelling anticipatory fear and agoraphobia in a contextual fear conditioning paradigm. In this study, we further analysed our previous data ...
journal_title：Brain structure & function
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00429-020-02102-w
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to measure the average corpus callosum volume of normal Koreans (aged in their 20s or 40s) and to analyze the effects of gender, age, and body parameters, such as height and weight on corpus callosum size. Magnetic resonance brain images were recorded for 68 people in their 20s (29 men, 3...
journal_title：Brain structure & function
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00429-009-0209-5
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During the development of the central nervous system, the immature neurons suffer different migration processes. It is well known that Nkx2.1-positive ventricular layer give rise to critical tangential migrations into different regions of the developing forebrain. Our aim was to study this phenomenon in the hypothalam...
journal_title：Brain structure & function
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00429-020-02163-x
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The structure of neurons in the central auditory system is vulnerable to various kinds of acoustic exposures during the critical postnatal developmental period. Here we explored long-term effects of exposure to an acoustically enriched environment (AEE) during the third and fourth weeks of the postnatal period in rat ...
journal_title：Brain structure & function
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00429-020-02104-8
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent studies of the neurobiology of the dorsal frontal cortex (FC) of the ferret have illuminated its key role in the attention network, top-down cognitive control of sensory processing, and goal directed behavior. To elucidate the neuroanatomical regions of the dorsal FC, and delineate the boundary between premotor...
journal_title：Brain structure & function
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00429-020-02086-7
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) are highly interconnected telencephalic areas critical for cognitive processes, including associative learning and decision making. Both structures strongly innervate the lateral hypothalamus (LHA), an important component of the networks underlying the control of feedin...
journal_title：Brain structure & function
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00429-015-1081-0
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
