Abstract:
:A low-cutoff, high-volume conventional impactor has been designed. This sampler uses a slit-shaped acceleration jet and operates at 1100 L/min. The impaction substrate is polyurethane foam (PUF). The impactor collection efficiency was characterized using polydisperse particles, and the 50% size cutoff point was 0.12 ¡m. Losses within the sampler were also characterized and were less than 10%. The use of polyurethane foam (PUF) as a substrate has the following advantages: (I) PUF has a very high particle collection efficiency over a large range of particle sizes, even under conditions of heavy particle loading, as compared to other impaction substrates, such as flat plates and less porous membranes, which typically are subject to significant bounce-off and reentrainment; (2) no oil or grease coating is required, so potential interferences of impurities within such coatings are avoided when chemical, biological, and toxicological tests are performed on the collected particles; (3) PUF itself is chemically inert, minimizing interference with any of these tests; (4) because of the high flow rate of 1100 L/min, a large amount of particles can be collected in a short period of time on a relatively small surface of substrate, facilitating recovery of the collected particles for the different tests; and (5) a large amount of particles can be collected on a relatively small collection surface and easily extracted with small amounts of water or organic solvents. This method will be suitable for the collection of large amounts for toxicological studies and analysis of organic aerosols, which is not possible with other high-volume samplers that utilize large filtration surfaces.
journal_name
Inhal Toxicoljournal_title
Inhalation toxicologyauthors
Kavouras IG,Ferguson ST,Wolfson JM,Koutrakis Pdoi
10.1080/08958378.2000.11463198subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-01-01 00:00:00pages
35-50eissn
0895-8378issn
1091-7691journal_volume
12 Suppl 2pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The effect of particles from road traffic and wood smoke on the innate immune response in the lung was studied in a lung challenge model with the intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. Female Balb/cA mice were instilled intratracheally with wood smoke particles, particles from road traffic collected during wi...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/08958370802590499
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oxygen radical generation due to surface radicals, inflammation, and iron release has been suggested as the mechanism of adverse effects of quartz, such as emphysema, fibrosis, and carcinogenic effects. Therefore, we measured iron release, acellular generation of hydroxyl radicals, and oxidative DNA damage and cytotox...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/089583799196628
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Manganese (Mn) is ubiquitous in ambient air due to both industrial and crustal sources. It is also a component of the octane-enhancing fuel additive methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT). The combustion of MMT by the automobile engine results in the formation of Mn particulates including phosphate, sulfat...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/08958370050138003
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 1999 Berry published a model for mesothelioma incidence following fiber exposure. He concluded, that the influence of the solubility of fibers on the mesothelioma rate is 17 times higher in humans than in rats. This conclusion may be helpful for evaluating the carcinogenic risk from man-made vitreous fibers, but it...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/08958370490505016
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epidemiological and experimental data suggest that obesity exacerbates the health effects of air pollutants such as ozone (O3). Maternal inactivity and calorically rich diets lead to offspring that show signs of obesity. Exacerbated O3 susceptibility of offspring could thus be manifested by maternal obesity. Thirty-da...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/08958378.2017.1342719
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We used inert melamin particles that are very well defined in size (diameters: 0.5, 1.9, 6.8 microm) to study the effects of ambient particles of <10 microm (PM(10)) on phagocytosis. Dose-response functions were found between the amount of added melamin particle mass and the toxicity. Fine particles (0.5 microm) were ...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/08958370252871005
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Airstream clearance (with units of volume/time) is the volumetric flow from which chemical would have to be completely removed to account for the net loss in the nose. Extraction is the proportion of airflow from which the chemical is completely removed. Over the past several years we have developed physiologically ba...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/08958370151126284
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The World Health Organization identified urban outdoor air pollution as the eighth highest mortality risk factor in high-income countries. Exposure to ambient pollutants such as ozone (O3) increases the number of hospital admissions. O3 is a highly reactive gas that reacts with cells lining the airways, producing the ...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/08958378.2014.922648
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Germany in 2006 a series of rapidly developing and sometimes severe cases of pulmonary health impairment were observed after normal use of the "Magic Nano Glass & Ceramic" spray and "Magic Nano Bath" spray. In contrast, the previously marketed "Magic Nano" pump spray product (handheld trigger device without propell...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/08958370802220634
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This special issue describes the scientific progress and scientific review process to develop a safer cigarette. A peer-review panel, the ECLIPSE Expert Panel, was convened to critically review the potential health hazards of this new cigarette to a reference, conventional cigarette that bums tobacco. This new cigaret...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/08958378.2000.11720735
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this exploratory study within the integrated subchronic inhalation exposure study (Lippmann et al., 2005) was to identify genes in heart and lung tissue that changed in expression level as a result of subchronic exposure to concentrated ambient particles (CAPs). Identification of CAPs exposure-related c...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/08958370590912851
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A subchronic, nose-only inhalation study compared the effects of mainstream smoke from a 1R4F research cigarette to that of a 2R4F research cigarette. Male and female rats were exposed for 1 h/day, 5 days/wk, for 13 wk to mainstream smoke at 0, 0.06, 0.20, or 0.80 mg wet total particulate matter per liter of air. Clin...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/08958370490271340
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was designed to investigate effects of sulfur dioxide (SO(2)) and its derivatives (bisulfite and sulfite) on the rat blood pressure. The blood pressures of male Wistar rats exposed to SO(2) and its derivatives at various doses were measured. Findings were that: (1) with acute-one time exposure to SO(2) for ...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/08958370390215785
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Asthma rates have been increasing worldwide, and exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEP) may be implicated in this increase. DEP may also play a role in the increased morbidity and mortality associated with ambient airborne particulate matter (PM) exposure. Two types of nasal responses have been reported for human ...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/08958370600743027
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Objective: Humidifier-disinfectant-induced lung injury is a new syndrome associated with a high mortality rate and characterized by severe hypersensitivity pneumonitis, acute interstitial pneumonia, or acute respiratory distress syndrome. Polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate (PHMG-P), a guanidine-based antimicrobial ...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/08958378.2019.1707912
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Minimally invasive approaches to detect/predict target organ toxicity have significant practical applications in occupational toxicology. The potential application of peripheral blood transcriptomics as a practical approach to study the mechanisms of silica-induced pulmonary toxicity was investigated. Rats were expose...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/08958378.2012.697926
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Information on nasal particle deposition is used in risk assessments for exposure to airborne particulate pollutants and for optimizing the delivery of therapeutic aerosols. Monkeys are commonly used to assess the therapeutic potential of inhaled substances and to a lesser extent the toxicity of inhaled xenobiotics. Y...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/08958370500241270
更新日期:2005-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) represents the immunologically mediated lung disease induced by repeated inhalations of a wide variety of certain finely dispersed organic antigens. In susceptible subjects, these inhalations provoke a hypersensitivity reaction characterized by intense inflammation of the terminal bro...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/08958378.2013.827284
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The intent of this article is to review the comparative nonneoplastic pathological responses (inflammation, fibrosis, and epithelial proliferation) of rats, hamsters, mice, and monkeys to low-toxicity dusts (TiO(2), carbon black, talc, coal-mine dust, and diesel particulate). The paucity of information on some of thes...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/089583700196563
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of low-level ozone exposure (0.08 ppm) on pulmonary function in healthy young adults are well known; however, much less is known about the inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of low-level ozone in the airways. Techniques such as induced sputum and flow cytometry make it possible to examine airways in...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/08958371003596587
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this work is to define a sample preparation protocol that allows inorganic fibers and particulate matter extracted from different biological samples to be characterized morphologically, crystallographically and chemically by transmission electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (TEM-EDS). The ...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/08958378.2016.1175527
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Dimethyl sulfide (DMS, CAS 75-18-3) is an industrial chemical. It is both an irritant and neurotoxicant that may be life-threatening because of accidental release. The effects of DMS on public health and associated public health response depend on the exposure concentration and duration. However, currently, p...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/08958378.2018.1551444
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most current deterministic computer dosimetry models use idealized dichotomous symmetrical infant, child, and adolescent tracheobronchial geometries for dosimetry predictions. These tracheobronchial geometries were derived from either the morphometric measurements of J. D. Mortensen and colleagues or those of R. F. Ph...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/08958370600748349
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is well documented that inhalation of sulfur mustard causes injury of the respiratory system. While all of the reports and surveys thoroughly document long-term pulmonary effects after significant exposure to mustard, there is no direct evidence that addresses the issue of long-term respiratory effects in individua...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/08958370490442421
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acute lung injury (ALI) induced by phosgene increases risk of serious edema and mortality. Increased permeability of the microvascular endothelium is implicated in the progression of ALI, but the processing interaction and time course activity of the vascular regulators in exudation are still not understood. The main ...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/08958370802015091
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study aimed to determine the association between home and vehicle exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), and chronic bronchitis based on data from 64,961 non-smokers aged 12 years and older who participated in the 2005 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS). The proportion of respondents who reported ETS...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/08958370802409567
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:This research describes a novel "minitower" dry powder delivery system for nose-only delivery of dry powder aerosols to spontaneously breathing rats. METHODS:The minitower system forces pressurized air through pre-filled capsules to deliver aerosolized drug to four nose ports; three of which house spontaneousl...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/08958378.2015.1089959
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors have previously demonstrated that wildfire-derived coarse or fine particulate matter (PM) intratracheally instilled into lungs of mice induce a strong inflammatory response. In the current study, the authors demonstrate that wildfire PM simultaneously cause major increases in oxidative stress in the mouse ...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/08958370903571849
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article addresses the importance of blood pressure as a covariate in studies of long-term associations between air quality and mortality. We focus on a cohort of about 50,000 U.S. veterans who had been diagnosed as hypertensive at some time and whose survival rates were predicted by blood pressure (BP) and ambien...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/08958370304463
更新日期:2003-04-25 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to investigate the potential cytotoxicity of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) loaded with sildenafil. The SLNs were tested as a new drug delivery system (DDS) for the inhalable treatment of pulmonary hypertension in human lungs. Solubility of sildenafil in SLN lipid matrix (30:70 phospholipid:...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/08958378.2013.810315
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00