Abstract:
:A subchronic, nose-only inhalation study compared the effects of mainstream smoke from a 1R4F research cigarette to that of a 2R4F research cigarette. Male and female rats were exposed for 1 h/day, 5 days/wk, for 13 wk to mainstream smoke at 0, 0.06, 0.20, or 0.80 mg wet total particulate matter per liter of air. Clinical signs, body and organ weights, clinical chemistry, hematology, carboxyhemoglobin, serum nicotine, pulmonary plethysmography, gross pathology, and histopathology were determined. When histological changes resulting from exposure to smoke from the two types of cigarettes were compared, no biologically significant differences were observed. At the end of the exposure period, subsets of rats from each group were maintained without smoke exposures for an additional 13 wk (recovery period). At the end of the recovery period, there were no statistically significant differences in histopathological findings observed between the 1R4F and the 2R4F cigarettes. The complete toxicological assessment in this comparative inhalation study of 1R4F and 2R4F cigarettes suggests no overall biologically significant differences between the rats exposed to the two cigarettes.
journal_name
Inhal Toxicoljournal_title
Inhalation toxicologyauthors
Higuchi MA,Sagartz J,Shreve WK,Ayres PHdoi
10.1080/08958370490271340subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-01-01 00:00:00pages
1-20issue
1eissn
0895-8378issn
1091-7691pii
2843E79YURK9FEGAjournal_volume
16pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Acute lung injury (ALI) induced by phosgene increases risk of serious edema and mortality. Increased permeability of the microvascular endothelium is implicated in the progression of ALI, but the processing interaction and time course activity of the vascular regulators in exudation are still not understood. The main ...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/08958370802015091
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A cross-sectional study on suberosis was conducted in the Champagne-Ardenne County, France, to determine the prevalence of respiratory symptoms, the level of pulmonary function, and the presence of precipitins against Penicillium frequentans. Thirteen of the 33 workers exposed to cork dust had respiratory symptoms exc...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/08958370390249120
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:Air pollution exposure affects autonomic function, heart rate, blood pressure and left ventricular function. While the mechanism for these effects is uncertain, several studies have reported that air pollution exposure modifies activity of the carotid body, the major organ that senses changes in arterial oxygen...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/08958378.2014.984881
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:Heart rate alterations associated with exposure to particulate matter (PM) and gaseous pollutants have been observed in epidemiological studies and animal experiments. Nevertheless, the time-lag of these associations is still unclear. OBJECTIVE:Determine the association at different time-lags between the compl...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/08958370903349365
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Measurement strategies as well as results from measurements at workplaces are presented. Measurements were performed in research laboratories as well as by companies producing small amounts of nanostructured materials. The work was done in the frame of a BAuA (Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin) resear...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/08958370902962317
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The lung toxicity of inhalable polymer materials is normally carried out by evaluation of the histopathology responses of rat lungs to repeat, nose-only, exposures of an inhalable aerosol of material in a 13-wk subchronic repeat dose toxicity study. The introduction of transcriptomics into toxicology has allowed the c...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/08958370500444304
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several pharmacokinetic studies on inhalation exposure to manganese (Mn) have already demonstrated that Mn readily accumulates in the olfactory and brain regions. However, a shortening of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T1 relaxation time or high T1 signal intensity in specific sites of the brain, including the g...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/08958370701516108
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Computational fluid dynamic modeling software has enabled microdosimetry patterns of inhaled toxins and toxicants to be predicted and visualized, and is being used in inhalation toxicology and risk assessment. These predicted microdosimetry patterns in airway structures are derived from predicted airflow patterns with...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/08958370701260889
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of low-level ozone exposure (0.08 ppm) on pulmonary function in healthy young adults are well known; however, much less is known about the inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of low-level ozone in the airways. Techniques such as induced sputum and flow cytometry make it possible to examine airways in...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/08958371003596587
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A combination of high fuel prices, bus maintenance costs, and the health and safety of school children, along with a consideration of federal and state regulations, prompted Medford Township school district in southern New Jersey to explore the use of alternative fuels, specifically biodiesel. The school district owns...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/08958370701533467
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Results from epidemiology studies have shown statistical associations between ambient air particulate matter (PM) concentrations and mortality/morbidity, particularly among susceptible subpopulations. Although the epidemiology of ambient air PM is compelling, there remains considerable uncertainty in PM risk assessmen...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/08958378.2000.11463230
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 1997 The International Agency for Research on Cancer classified some exposures to crystalline silica as carcinogenic to humans. Such exposures were acknowledged to be very variable, and even in the same monograph it was admitted that coal dust, containing as much as 20% quartz, could not be classified. Clearly ther...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/08958370802136731
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oxidative stress is thought to be the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis induced by asbestos, and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protects lung tissue against oxidative stress. We hypothesized that HO-1 is associated with oxidative lung injury caused by exposure to asbestos. This study was conducted to investigate the time co...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/08958370590922580
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sexually mature male and female Gottingen minipigs were exposed to various concentrations of GB and GF vapor via whole-body inhalation exposures or to liquid GB or GF via intravenous or subcutaneous injections. Vapor inhalation exposures were for 10, 60 or 180 min. Maximum likelihood estimation was used to calculate t...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/08958378.2013.872212
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors have previously demonstrated that wildfire-derived coarse or fine particulate matter (PM) intratracheally instilled into lungs of mice induce a strong inflammatory response. In the current study, the authors demonstrate that wildfire PM simultaneously cause major increases in oxidative stress in the mouse ...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/08958370903571849
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Information on nasal particle deposition is used in risk assessments for exposure to airborne particulate pollutants and for optimizing the delivery of therapeutic aerosols. Monkeys are commonly used to assess the therapeutic potential of inhaled substances and to a lesser extent the toxicity of inhaled xenobiotics. Y...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/08958370500241270
更新日期:2005-12-15 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:Cocoa-derived ingredients are used in cigarette tobacco. OBJECTIVE:A battery of tests was used to compare toxicity of mainstream smoke from experimental cigarettes containing different added levels of cocoa-derived ingredients. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Five cocoa-derived ingredients chocolate (CH), cocoa (COC), ...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/08958378.2010.542580
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ozone (O₃), a commonly encountered environmental pollutant, has been shown to induce pulmonary fibrosis in different animal models; the underlying mechanism, however, remains elusive. To investigate the molecular mechanism underlying O₃-induced pulmonary fibrosis, 6- to 8-week-old C57BL/6 male mice were exposed to a c...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/08958378.2011.584919
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Increases in particulate matter less than 2.5 µm (PM(2.5)) in ambient air is linked to acute cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Specific components and potential emission sources of PM(2.5) responsible for adverse health effects of cardiovascular function are unclear. METHODS:Spontaneously hypertensive...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/08958378.2011.580387
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The molecular bases for variability in air pollutant-induced pulmonary injury due to underlying cardiovascular (CVD) and/or metabolic diseases are unknown. We hypothesized that healthy and genetic CVD-prone rat models will exhibit exacerbated response to acute ozone exposure dependent on the type and severity of disea...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/08958378.2014.954169
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Background: Allergies and smoking are common reasons for nasal mucosa inflammations, which in turn, cause nasal obstructions. Nevertheless, the impact of coexisting allergies and smoking on nasal mucosa inflammation has not been studied.Objectives: To study the impact of smoking with relation to allergies on nasal muc...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/08958378.2020.1777226
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study aims to investigate the negative effects of chronic exposure to isoflurane on spermatogenesis and explore the underlying mechanisms. Sixty male rats were randomly allocated to two groups: control group, receiving no treatment, and anesthesia group, administrated exposure to isoflurane (2 ppm) for 25 consecu...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/08958378.2015.1080772
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Irritant-induced inflammation of the airways may aggravate respiratory allergy induced by chemical respiratory allergens. Therefore, the effect of airway irritation by synthetic amorphous silica (SAS) on respiratory allergy to trimellitic anhydride (TMA) was studied. Brown Norway (BN) rats were topically sensitized on...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/08958370802105371
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate effects of neurobehavioral disturbances in mice caused by sub-chronic exposure to low-dose volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and the possible mechanism for these effects, 60 male Kunming mice were exposed in 5 similar static chambers, 0 (control) and 4 different doses of VOCs mixture (G1-4) for consecut...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/08958378.2014.882447
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::During the "Commonwealth Games" 2010 (CWG-2010) in Delhi, the Indian government has implemented an ambitious project "System of Air quality Forecasting And Research (SAFAR)" for monitoring and forecasting air-quality scenario. Using high-precision spatio-temporal measurements of criteria pollutants from the SAFAR netw...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/08958378.2013.788103
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although the association between exposure to asbestos fibers and the development of lung cancer and mesothelioma has been well established in humans, the carcinogenic potential of other natural and man-made fibers/particles is not clear. Various in vitro genotoxicity studies have been employed to assess their in vivo ...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/08958378.2000.11463207
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Concurrent exposure to SO(2) and benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) resulted in an increased incidence of lung tumors in rodents compared to exposure to B(a)P alone. A synergistic effect on the expression of c-fos and c-jun between SO(2) and B(a)P was observed in lungs after SO(2) and B(a)P exposure. However, tumorigenesis occurs...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/08958370903341891
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::With regard to genotoxicity testing and cancer risk assessment, particles and fibers form a rather specific group among all toxicants. First, the physicochemical behavior of fibrous and nonfibrous particles is usually very different from that of nonparticulate, chemical carcinogens. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are b...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/089583701753338631
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the evaluation of particulate matter (PM) toxicity, one faces the challenge of identifying components that could be addressed as markers of toxicity. This study examines the use of statistical methods to determine which components present in the complex mixtures are related to toxic effects. The work is based on da...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/08958370701492987
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study aimed to determine the association between home and vehicle exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), and chronic bronchitis based on data from 64,961 non-smokers aged 12 years and older who participated in the 2005 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS). The proportion of respondents who reported ETS...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/08958370802409567
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00