Abstract:
:A wide variety of behavioral methods has been employed with animals to assess visual changes induced by drugs or toxicants. The methods range from simple to complex, from broad screening devices to narrowly focused techniques. Their relative advantages for the environmental toxicologist are discussed. Manipulation of stimulus values is an essential ingredient in the identification of specific sensory functions. The percentage of correct choices from a discrete-trial, multiple-choice discrimination procedure is to be preferred to measures of response rate, speed or reaction time when experiments require answers about specific visual functions.
journal_name
Environ Health Perspectjournal_title
Environmental health perspectivesauthors
Evans HLdoi
10.1289/ehp.782653subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1978-10-01 00:00:00pages
53-7eissn
0091-6765issn
1552-9924journal_volume
26pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Lung burden analysis was performed on 126 autopsy cases of persons who died in New York City from 1966 through 1968. Of the 126 cases, 107 were probably non-occupationally exposed, judging by occupational history and asbestos body content of lung. Fifty-three of the 107 cases contained short chrysotile fibers/fibrils,...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.94102s5235
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Many pesticides in current use have recently been revealed as in vitro androgen receptor (AR) antagonists, but information about their combined effects is lacking. OBJECTIVE:We investigated the combined effects and the competitive AR antagonism of pesticide mixtures. METHODS:We used the MDA-kb2 assay to te...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1205391
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although para-nonylphenol (NP) is known as an endocrine disruptor, the immunologic effect of NP has been poorly analyzed. We found that NP from 5 to 50 microM caused a dose-dependent stimulatory effect on the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human blood neutrophils, which was measured by using a chemilum...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.6584
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many populations of amphibians are declining on all six continents on which they occur. Some causes of amphibian declines, such as habitat destruction, direct application of xenobiotics, and introduction of predators or competitors, are clearly attributable to human activities. Infectious disease appears to be the dir...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1143
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Outdoor ambient air pollutant exposures in communities are relevant to the acute exacerbation and possibly the onset of asthma. However, the complexity of pollutant mixtures and etiologic heterogeneity of asthma has made it difficult to identify causal components in those mixtures. Occupational exposures associated wi...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.02110s4573
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Whole blood oxygen equilibrium curves (O2 ECs), blood buffer lines, and several hematologic properties were determined for adult guinea pigs exposed to 700 ppm methyl isocyanate (MIC) for 15 min. MIC inhalation effected a significant reduction of blood O2 affinity; the half-saturation pressure (P50) at 38 degrees C in...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.877235
更新日期:1987-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The presence of blue-green algae (BGA) toxins in surface waters used for drinking water sources and recreation is receiving increasing attention around the world as a public health concern. However, potential risks from exposure to these toxins in contaminated health food products that contain BGA have been largely ig...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.00108435
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:SUMMARY:From climate change to hydraulic fracturing, and from drinking water safety to wildfires, environmental challenges are changing. The United States has made substantial environmental protection progress based on media-specific and single pollutant risk-based frameworks. However, today’s environmental problems ar...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/EHP1465
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Epidemiologic and experimental studies have reported a variety of health effects in response to ozone (O3) exposure, and some have indicated that certain populations may be at increased or decreased risk of O3-related health effects. OBJECTIVES:We sought to identify potential response-modifying factors to d...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.1307541
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Tens of millions of Americans suffer from a range of adverse health outcomes due to noise exposure, including heart disease and hearing loss. Reducing environmental noise pollution is achievable and consistent with national prevention goals, yet there is no national plan to reduce environmental noise polluti...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chlordane is a polychlorinated hydrocarbon that causes liver enlargement and induces mixed-function oxidases similar to those induced by phenobarbitone in the mouse. We have assessed the hepatocarcinogenicity (after 2 years) and the time course (over 6 months) of liver and thyroid cell proliferation in C57Bl/10J mice ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.93101s5219
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A brief description of chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) as cytogenetic endpoints for evaluation of DNA damaging agents is presented. Problems associated with the use of cytogenetic assays as population monitors of radiation and chemical exposures are discussed. Adequate cell sample size requi...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.8142107
更新日期:1981-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A major goal of studying farmworkers is to better understand how their work environment, including exposure to pesticides, affects their health. Although a number of health conditions have been associated with pesticide exposure, clear linkages have yet to be made between exposure and health effects except in cases of...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.8526
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fish and other seafood may contain organic mercury but also beneficial nutrients such as n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. We endeavored to study whether maternal fish consumption during pregnancy harms or benefits fetal brain development. We examined associations of maternal fish intake during pregnancy and maternal h...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8041
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, in conjunction with National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences, hosted a conference, "Toxicogenomics through the Eyes of Informatics," in Bethesda, Maryland, USA, on 12-13 May 2003. Researchers around the world met to discuss how the application of bioinformatics tools, met...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type:
doi:10.1289/ehp.112-1241996
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::An estimated 8000 children 0 to 14 years of age are diagnosed annually with cancer in the United States. Leukemia and brain tumors are the most common childhood malignancies, accounting for 30 and 20% of newly diagnosed cases, respectively. From 1975 to 1978 to 1987 to 1990, cancer among white children increased sligh...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.95103s6177
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) has been consistently associated with preterm birth (PTB) to varying degrees, but roles of PM2.5 species have been less studied. OBJECTIVE:We estimated risk differences (RD) of PTB (reported per 106 pregnancies) associated with change in ambient co...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1408953
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 1996 the U.S. Congress charged the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to develop a screening program to test chemicals for their possible estrogenic and other endocrine effects. Shortly thereafter, the Chemical Guidelines Program of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development's (OECD) Environmental...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.02110s3363
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In recent years, it has become apparent that minerals can trigger alterations in gene expression by initiating signaling events upstream of gene transactivation. These cascades may be initiated at the cell surface after interaction of minerals with the plasma membrane either through receptorlike mechanisms or integrin...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.97105s51121
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intercellular and extracellular metal concentrations were measured using carbon fiber ultramicrosensors plated with mercury or with polymeric porphyrinic p-type semiconductors. Concentrations of unbound nickel and lead ions were studied within individual BC3H-1 myocytes, and H4-11-C3 rat hepatoma cells. Unbound ions a...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.94102s3147
更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Childhood lead exposure has been associated with growth delay. However, the association between blood lead levels (BLLs) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) has not been characterized in a large cohort with low-level lead exposure. METHODS:We recruited 394 boys 8-9 years of age from an industrial Russi...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1206105
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although it is well established that air pollutants can exacerbate asthma, the link with new asthma onset in children is less clear. OBJECTIVE:We assessed the association between the onset of childhood asthma with both time of birth and time-varying exposures to outdoor air pollutants. METHOD:An open cohor...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1509838
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The National Urban Air Toxics Research Center (NUATRC) hosted its first scientific workshop in 1994 that focused on possible relationships between air toxics and asthma. From that meeting came recommendations for future research including a need for more complete individual personal exposure assessments so that determ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.02110s4501
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report the results of a coordinated mitigation effort aimed at reducing arsenic (As) exposure in three counties of Guizhou province, China. Mitigation occurred in 2005 and encompassed 21 villages with 47,000 inhabitants, who were exposed to high levels of As in their diet through consumption of As-contaminated chil...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.9273
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We evaluated predictors of plasma concentrations of dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), a metabolite of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in a group of 240 women, controls from a breast cancer case-control study nested in the Nurses' Health Study. We considered personal at...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.9910775
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exposure to air polluted with particles less than 2.5 micron in size is associated epidemiologically with adverse cardiopulmonary health consequences in humans. The goal of this study was to characterize human pulmonary responses to controlled experimental high-dose exposure to fine and ultrafine magnesium oxide parti...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.971051234
更新日期:1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The rapidly increasing dissemination of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) in both humans and animals poses a global threat to public health. However, the transmission of CRE between humans and animals has not yet been well studied. OBJECTIVES:We investigated the prevalence, risk factors, and dri...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/EHP5251
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A comprehensive environmental fate and effects testing program, sponsored by the Chemical Manufacturers Association (CMA) Phthalate Esters Program Panel, has been completed. Based on the results, a preliminary safety assessment has shown that all of the 14 commercially important phthalates tested have sufficiently hig...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8665337
更新日期:1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is concern about the human health effects of inhalation of acid compounds found in urban air pollution. It was the purpose of this study to investigate three of these acid compounds, sulfur dioxide (SO2), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), and nitric acid (HNO3) in a group of allergic adolescent subjects. Subjects were expo...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8979173
更新日期:1989-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The three modern "faces" of mercury are our perceptions of risk from the exposure of billions of people to methyl mercury in fish, mercury vapor from amalgam tooth fillings, and ethyl mercury in the form of thimerosal added as an antiseptic to widely used vaccines. In this article I review human exposure to and the to...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.02110s111
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00