Abstract:
:A major goal of studying farmworkers is to better understand how their work environment, including exposure to pesticides, affects their health. Although a number of health conditions have been associated with pesticide exposure, clear linkages have yet to be made between exposure and health effects except in cases of acute pesticide exposure. In this article, we review the most common health end points that have been studied and describe the epidemiologic challenges encountered in studying these health effects of pesticides among farmworkers, including the difficulties in accessing the population and challenges associated with obtaining health end point data. The assessment of neurobehavioral health effects serves as one of the most common and best examples of an approach used to study health outcomes in farmworkers and other populations exposed to pesticides. We review the current limitations in neurobehavioral assessment and strategies to improve these analytical methods. Emerging techniques to improve our assessment of health effects associated with pesticide exposure are reviewed. These techniques, which in most cases have not been applied to farmworker populations, hold promise in our ability to study and understand the relationship between pesticide exposure and a variety of health effects in this population. Key words: biomarkers, cancer, epidemiology, health outcomes, immigrants, neurobehavioral, neuropathy, pesticides.
journal_name
Environ Health Perspectjournal_title
Environmental health perspectivesauthors
McCauley LA,Anger WK,Keifer M,Langley R,Robson MG,Rohlman Ddoi
10.1289/ehp.8526subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-06-01 00:00:00pages
953-60issue
6eissn
0091-6765issn
1552-9924journal_volume
114pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The general methods used to complete measurements of human exposures are identified and illustrations are provided for the cases of indirect and direct methods used for exposure analysis. The application of the techniques for external measurements of exposure, microenvironmental and personal monitors, are placed in th...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.95103s335
更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Few studies have been conducted to identify risk factors for balance and vestibular dysfunction in general populations, but previous studies have reported evidence of adverse effects of lead and cadmium on balance control in high-risk groups. OBJECTIVE:We evaluated the relationship between blood lead and ca...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1103643
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In August 1997 we performed a follow-up survey of 146 lead-poisoned children from a community near a previously active auto battery recycling smelter in Haina near Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. Our follow-up survey confirmed a severe incidence of elevated blood lead (BPb) and erythrocyte protoporphyrin/zinc proto...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.99107917
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dose influences mechanism; and over a wide range of doses, one can envision that mechanism will change with changing dose. This basic concept in toxicology is juxtaposed with the biologic importance of maintaining normal DNA methylation status to provide the focus of this paper. The idea that altered DNA methylation p...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.98106s1285
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A biodosimetric approach to determine alpha-particle dose to the respiratory tract epithelium from known exposures to radon has been developed in the rat. Cytotoxicity assays have been used to obtain dose-conversion factors for cumulative exposures typical of those encountered by underground uranium miners. However, t...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.97105s4913
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::It was considered that the fall in lung function seen after exposure to cotton dust may be attributable in part to the activity of arachidonic acid metabolites, such as leucotrienes as well as to the more established release of histamine by cotton dust. However, we found that cotton and barley dusts elicited poor rele...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.866687
更新日期:1986-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human exposure to carcinogenic Cr(VI) compounds is found among workers in a large number of professional groups, and it can also occur through environmental pollution. A significant number of toxic waste sites contain Cr as a major contaminant. In this paper we summarize our efforts to apply measurements of DNA-protei...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.98106s4969
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Anogenital distance (AGD) in animals is a sensitive biomarker of fetal endocrine disruption and the associated testicular dysgenesis syndrome (TDS). However, AGD in human infants with cryptorchidism and hypospadias, which are potential manifestations of TDS during childhood, is not clearly described. OBJECT...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1307178
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Agricultural use of antimicrobials in subtherapeutic concentrations is increasing in response to the rising demand for food animal products worldwide. In India, the use of antimicrobials in food animal production is unregulated. Research suggests that many clinically important antimicrobials are used indiscr...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/EHP292
更新日期:2017-07-20 00:00:00
abstract::Man-made endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) present a threat to biodiversity, even in remote areas. To date, numerous wildlife species have been affected by EDCs in the environment, but it is likely that many more species are suffering effects that have not yet been reported. Impaired reproduction, damaged brain fu...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.8070
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of lime in the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), i.e., O2-., H2O2, and OH., from betel-quid components (extracts of areca nut and catechu) was investigated in vitro using a chemiluminescence technique and an assay for oxidative DNA damage involving analysis of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine. Of the var...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.9298203
更新日期:1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most of the composites and sealants used in dentistry are based on bisphenol A diglycidylether methacrylate (Bis-GMA). Reports revealed that in situ polymerization is not complete and that free monomers can be detected by different analytic methods. Concerns about the estrogenicity of bisphenol A (BPA) and other aroma...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.0010821
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Previous literature suggests an association between organochlorines and behavioral measures in childhood, including inattention. OBJECTIVE:This study was designed to assess whether prenatal organochlorine exposure is associated with measures of attention in early infancy. METHODS:We investigated an associa...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.10553
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A co-culture clonal survival assay was developed to measure the cytotoxicity of test chemical treatments to BALB/c-3T3 cells because the standard clonal survival assay using 200 wild type (WT) cells frequently overestimates chemical cytotoxicity when compared with identical treatment doses in high-density cultures. Th...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.93101s2311
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We extended our previous analyses of term low birth weight (LBW) and preterm birth to 1994-2000, a period of declining air pollution levels in the South Coast Air Basin. We speculated that the effects we observed previously for carbon monoxide, particulate matter < 10 microm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10), and traffic...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.7751
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Toxicity testing in AS52 cells (24-hr exposures) gave LC50 values of 2 to 130 micrograms Ni/ml for particulate nickel compounds and 45 to 60 micrograms Ni/ml for water-soluble salts (NiCl2, NiSO4, Ni(CH3COO)2). The Ni(OH)2, NiCO3, and sulfides (Ni3S2, Ni7S6, "amorphous NiS") exhibited similar toxicities (LC50's of 2 t...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.94102s369
更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Trichloroethylene is an organic chemical that has been used in dry cleaning, for metal degreasing, and as a solvent for oils and resins. It has been shown to cause liver and kidney cancer in experimental animals. This article reviews over 80 published papers and letters on the cancer epidemiology of people exposed to ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s2161
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::For workers in the nuclear industry, the primary route for the entry of radioactive materials into the body is by inhalation, and the rate of clearance of particles from the pulmonary region of the lung is an important factor in determining radiation dose. It is the function of alveolar macrophages (AM) to maintain th...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.929769
更新日期:1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Uranium accumulates in bone, affects bone metabolism in laboratory animals, and when ingested in drinking water increases urinary excretion of calcium and phosphate, important components in the bone structure. However, little is known about bone effects of ingested natural uranium in humans. We studied 146 men and 142...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.7475
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::During 1992 and 1993 the Wisconsin Division of Health investigated five cases in which copper-contaminated drinking water was suspected of causing gastrointestinal upsets. Each of these case studies was conducted after our office was notified of high copper levels in drinking water or notified of unexplained illnesses...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.94102958
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Environmental air pollutants are inhaled as complex mixtures, but the long dominant focus of monitoring and research on individual pollutants has provided modest insight into pollutant interactions that may be important to health. Trends toward managing multiple pollutants to maximize aggregate health gains ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.11654
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::At picomolar concentrations, lead activates protein kinase C (PKC). This activation has been implicated in the neurotoxicity of lead. No prior study has evaluated the association of PKC activity with neurobehavioral function in humans. The purpose of this study was to determine whether PKC activity is associated with ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.02110133
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lung burden analysis was performed on 126 autopsy cases of persons who died in New York City from 1966 through 1968. Of the 126 cases, 107 were probably non-occupationally exposed, judging by occupational history and asbestos body content of lung. Fifty-three of the 107 cases contained short chrysotile fibers/fibrils,...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.94102s5235
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pregnant rats were exposed by inhalation to vapor concentrations of 100, 200, 400 or 800 ppm of ethylene glycol monopropyl ether acetate on days 6 through 15 of gestation. Concentrations of 400 and 800 ppm reduced the feed intake, mean body weight and red blood cell counts. Mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.845725
更新日期:1984-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:C60 fullerenes and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) are projected to be used in medicine and consumer products with potential human exposure. The hazardous effects of these particles are expected to involve oxidative stress with generation of oxidatively damaged DNA that might be the initiating event i...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.11922
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exposure to indoor air pollutants such as tobacco smoke and dust mites may exacerbate childhood asthma. Environmental interventions to reduce exposures to these pollutants can help prevent exacerbations of the disease. Among the most important interventions is the elimination of environmental tobacco smoke from the en...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.95103s655
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pheromones are substances emitted by one individual of a species and eliciting a specific response in a second individual of the same species. In moths (Lepidoptera) generally females lure males for mating by emission of a sex attractant pheromone comprised of either one or more components. Since 1966 the identificati...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.14-1475097
更新日期:1976-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Scientists at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in Richland, Washington, have developed a unique imaging system capable of focusing on a single living cell within an organism. This new technology will be used in what the multidisciplinary team has termed a "cellular observatory" to study the effect of environmenta...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.99107a566
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Syrian hamster embryo cells were treated with galactose oxidase, followed by reduction with tritiated sodium borohydride at pH 7.4. The labeling patterns of galactosyl and N-acetyl galactosaminyl residues on the cell surface were altered in comparing scraped vs. unscraped and buffer vs. media-soaked cells treated with...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8034103
更新日期:1980-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There is a need to identify and evaluate an effective mitigation program for arsenic exposure from drinking water in Bangladesh. OBJECTIVE:We evaluated the effectiveness of a multifaceted mitigation program to reduce As exposure among 11,746 individuals in a prospective cohort study initiated in 2000 in Ara...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.9833
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00