Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Many pesticides in current use have recently been revealed as in vitro androgen receptor (AR) antagonists, but information about their combined effects is lacking. OBJECTIVE:We investigated the combined effects and the competitive AR antagonism of pesticide mixtures. METHODS:We used the MDA-kb2 assay to test a combination of eight AR antagonists that did not also possess AR agonist properties ("pure" antagonists; 8 mix: fludioxonil, fenhexamid, ortho-phenylphenol, imazalil, tebuconazole, dimethomorph, methiocarb, pirimiphos-methyl), a combination of five AR antagonists that also showed agonist activity (5 mix: cyprodinil, pyrimethanil, vinclozolin, chlorpropham, linuron), and all pesticides combined (13 mix). We used concentration addition (CA) and independent action (IA) to formulate additivity expectations, and Schild plot analyses to investigate competitive AR antagonism. RESULTS:A good agreement between the effects of the mixture of eight "pure" AR antagonists and the responses predicted by CA was observed. Schild plot analysis revealed that the 8 mix acted by competitive AR antagonism. However, the observed responses of the 5 mix and the 13 mix fell within the "prediction window" boundaries defined by the predicted regression curves of CA and IA. Schild plot analysis with these mixtures yielded anomalous responses incompatible with competitive receptor antagonism. CONCLUSIONS:A mixture of widely used pesticides can, in a predictable manner, produce combined AR antagonist effects that exceed the responses elicited by the most potent component alone. Inasmuch as large populations are regularly exposed to mixtures of antiandrogenic pesticides, our results underline the need for considering combination effects for these substances in regulatory practice.
journal_name
Environ Health Perspectjournal_title
Environmental health perspectivesauthors
Orton F,Rosivatz E,Scholze M,Kortenkamp Adoi
10.1289/ehp.1205391subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-11-01 00:00:00pages
1578-84issue
11eissn
0091-6765issn
1552-9924journal_volume
120pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Scientists at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in Richland, Washington, have developed a unique imaging system capable of focusing on a single living cell within an organism. This new technology will be used in what the multidisciplinary team has termed a "cellular observatory" to study the effect of environmenta...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.99107a566
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.97105650
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
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abstract::[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1289/EHP2580.]. ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,已发布勘误
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更新日期:2018-07-05 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.02110471
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 新闻
doi:10.1289/ehp.99107a244
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
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更新日期:1976-10-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
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doi:10.1289/ehp.8350275
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pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.0900918
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.7615135
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.5548
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.01109915
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.7930185
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.7209
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.8775159
更新日期:1987-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.59-1568074
更新日期:1985-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is a need to identify specific biological indicator(s) of cadmium exposure so that the renal damage can be prevented. Towards this end, we have examined the usefulness of urinary metallothionein as an indicator of cadmium body burden. It is found that, in both animals and humans, urinary metallothionein level is...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8454171
更新日期:1984-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1289/ehp.9310039
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.813899
更新日期:1981-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
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doi:10.1289/EHP806
更新日期:2017-07-05 00:00:00