Abstract:
:Locating geographic hot spots of cancer may lead to new causal hypotheses and ultimately to new knowledge of cancer-causing factors. The Cape Cod region of Massachusetts has experienced elevated incidence of breast cancer compared with statewide averages. The origins of the excess remain largely unexplained, even after the Upper Cape Cod Cancer Incidence Study investigated numerous potential environmental exposures. Using case-control data from this study (258 cases and 686 controls), we developed an exploratory approach for measuring associations between residential location and breast cancer incidence, adjusting for individual-level risk factors. We measured crude and adjusted odds ratios over the study region using fixed-scale grids and a smoothing algorithm of overlapping circular units. Polycircular hot spot regions, derived from the peak values of the smoothed odds ratios, delineated geographic areas wherein residence was associated with 60% [odds ratio (OR), 1.6; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.8-3.2] to 210% (OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.3-7.2) increased incidence relative to the remainder of the study population. The findings suggest several directions for further research, including the identification of potential environmental exposures that may be assessed in forthcoming case-control studies.
journal_name
Environ Health Perspectjournal_title
Environmental health perspectivesauthors
Paulu C,Aschengrau A,Ozonoff Ddoi
10.1289/ehp.02110471subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-05-01 00:00:00pages
471-8issue
5eissn
0091-6765issn
1552-9924pii
sc271_5_1835journal_volume
110pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The Clean Air Act requires that sensitive subgroups of exposed populations be protected from adverse health effects of air pollution exposure. Hence, data suggesting the existence of sensitive subgroups can have an important impact on regulatory decisions. Some investigators have interpreted differences among individu...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.90-1519500
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The hexavalent oxidation state of chromium [Cr(VI)] is a well-established human carcinogen, although the mechanism of cancer induction is currently unknown. Intracellular reduction of Cr(VI) forms Cr(V), which is thought to play a fundamental role in the mechanism of DNA damage by this carcinogen. Two separate pathway...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.02110s5725
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.7003
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Effects of respirable aerosols of sulfuric acid, ammonium sulfate, sodium sulfite, and ammonium persulfate on lungs of rats are reviewed. The literature regarding interactions between ozone or nitrogen dioxide and acidic aerosols (ammonium sulfate, sulfuric acid) is discussed. An unexpected interaction between nitroge...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8979115
更新日期:1989-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Haloalkane toxicity originates from attack on biological targets by reactive intermediates derived from haloalkane metabolism by a hemoprotein, cytochrome P-450. Carbon-centered radicals and their peroxyl derivatives are most likely involved. The reactions of iron porphyrin--a model for cytochrome P-450--with various ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.856453
更新日期:1985-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Africa is quickly becoming a destination for information technology in the form of tons of used computers, fax machines, cell phones, and other electronics. Although many of these machines can be repaired and resold, up to 75% of the electronics shipped to Africa is junk. This equipment, when dumped, may leach lead, m...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.114-a232
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Predictions of carcinogenic activity are made for 30 chemicals currently being assessed for rodent carcinogenicity by the U.S. National Toxicology Program. The predictions are based upon the chemical structure, the anticipated or reported mutagenicity, and the reported sub-chronic toxicity of each chemical. It is pred...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.96104s51101
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The major aspects that must be considered in studies of the health effects of environmental pollutants are: the direct damage due to the exposure, the role of pre-existing disease, and effects of the exposure on the response to secondary stresses. In experimental studies at concentrations of air pollutants found in ur...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.803589
更新日期:1980-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Groundwater contamination is a serious problem that is growing in the United States, but its true extent is not known and it is difficult to determine because of the complexities of contaminants, their transformation, and fate in groundwater systems. It is also difficult to predict their movement in groundwater. Since...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.9086239
更新日期:1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neurogenic inflammation as a pathway distinct from antigen-driven, immune-mediated inflammation may play a pivotal role in understanding a broad class of environmental health problems resulting from chemical exposures. Recent progress in understanding the mediators, triggers, and regulation of neurogenic inflammation ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.93101234
更新日期:1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Health is defined as homeostasis of the cellular ecology, and a state where there has not been an inordinate loss, reversible or irreversible, of the structural and/or functional reserves of the body. An adverse health effect is defined as the causation, promotion, facilitation and/or exacerbation of a structural and/...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8352177
更新日期:1983-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lipocortins are structurally related, glucocorticoid-inducible proteins that inhibit phospholipase A2 (PLA2), thereby reducing the liberation of arachidonic acid from phospholipids and so limiting the synthesis of eicosanoid inflammatory mediators. This study is the first demonstration of one lipocortin, lipocortin 1 ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.85-1568329
更新日期:1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exposure to environmental pollutants may contribute to the development of coronary heart disease (CHD). We determined the ZIP codes containing or abutting each of the approximately 900 hazardous waste sites in New York and identified the major contaminants in each. Three categories of ZIP codes were then distinguished...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.7595
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent data from deep uranium mines in Czechoslovakia indicated that mines are exposed to other mutagenic factors in addition to radon daughter products. Mycotoxins were identified as a possible source of mutagens in these mines. Mycotoxins were examined in 38 samples from mines and in throat swabs taken from 116 mine...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.101-1521117
更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ingestion is an important exposure route for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to enter the human body. Although the formation of hazardous PAH metabolites by human biotransformation enzymes is well documented, nothing is known about the PAH transformation potency of human intestinal microbiota. Using a gastroin...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.7259
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 1994 officials from the Ohio Department of Health reported that some residents of Lorain County, Ohio, possibly had been exposed to methyl parathion (MP), a highly toxic restricted-use pesticide. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) assisted in the investigation by providing epidemiologic and l...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.02110s61057
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.97105734
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8351305
更新日期:1983-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.0901214
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.95103s487
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.6430
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.8981193
更新日期:1989-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1289/EHP1612
更新日期:2017-10-02 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Despite experimental evidence, most epidemiologic studies to date have not supported an association between exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POP) and breast cancer incidence in humans. This may be attributable to difficulties in estimating blood/tissue POP concentration at critical time periods of ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.10917
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Carbon tetrachloride produces liver cell injury in a variety of animal species. The first structurally recognizable changes occur in the endoplasmic reticulum, with alteration in ribosome-membrane interactions. Later there is an increase in intracellular fat, and the formation of tangled nets of the ergastoplasm. At n...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.761513
更新日期:1976-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intercellular and extracellular metal concentrations were measured using carbon fiber ultramicrosensors plated with mercury or with polymeric porphyrinic p-type semiconductors. Concentrations of unbound nickel and lead ions were studied within individual BC3H-1 myocytes, and H4-11-C3 rat hepatoma cells. Unbound ions a...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.94102s3147
更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The phenylphosphonothioate insecticides EPN and leptophos, and several analogs, were evaluated with respect to their delayed neurotoxic effects in hens and their environmental behavior in a terrestrial-aquatic model ecosystem. Acute toxicity to insects was highly correlated with sigma sigma of the substituted phenyl g...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8036187
更新日期:1980-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8560241
更新日期:1985-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1408535
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many mammals methylate trivalent inorganic arsenic in liver to species that are released into the bloodstream and excreted in urine and feces. This study addresses how methylated arsenicals pass through cell membranes. We have previously shown that aquaglyceroporin channels, including Escherichia coli GlpF, Saccharomy...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8600
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00