Abstract：
:Pigeons were exposed to complex fixed-ratio schedules to assess whether the temporal location of schedule-induced attack was controlled by the discriminative properties of food or by the aversive aftereffects of food withdrawal. When exposed to a multiple fixed-ratio 25 fixed-ratio N schedule in which either fixed-ratio component occurred with equal probability according to a quasi-random sequence and in which the value of N ranged from 115 to 150 across subjects, all pigeons exhibited post-food attack against a rear-projected conspecific target predominantly at the signalled onset of the higher-valued ratio component. Exposure of subjects to a mixed fixed-ratio 25 chained fixed-ratio 25 fixed-ratio N-25 schedule, however, resulted in a shift of attack to the signalled onset of the fixed-ratio N-25 component rather than following food. A chained fixed-ratio 25 fixed-ratio N-25 schedule induced attack predominantly after food delivery rather than at the onset of the fixed-ratio N-25 component. These findings show that the temporal locus of schedule-induced attack is primarily controlled by a stimulus, whether food delivery or key color change, that reliably precedes a relatively long period of reinforcer unavailability.
journal_name
Physiol Behavjournal_title
Physiology & behaviorauthors
Flory RK,Blosser SLdoi
10.1016/0031-9384(85)90193-3subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1985-03-01 00:00:00pages
341-8issue
3eissn
0031-9384issn
1873-507Xpii
0031-9384(85)90193-3journal_volume
34pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:PN200-110 is a recently introduced 1,4-dihydropyridine which has been demonstrated to be a potent calcium channel blocker. 3HPN has been shown to bind in a specific saturable manner to P2 fractions obtained from brain homogenates from male Sprague-Dawley rats. 3HPN binding was found to be temperature-dependent. Specif...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(89)90330-2
更新日期：1989-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for obesity that involves both peripheral and central mechanisms. To elucidate central pathways by which oral and visceral signals are influenced by high-fat diet (HFD) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery, we recorded from neurons in the caudal visceral nucleus of th...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.07.025
更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A microcomputer (IBM-PC) based data collection system for the acquisition and analysis of male rodent copulatory behavior and its reflexive components has been developed. This software features ease of data entry, flexibility across experimental protocols, and built-in tutorials. The program for the recording and anal...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(88)90070-4
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Obesity has reached near epidemic proportions in the developed world. As reproductive age women are a part of this trend, the effect of maternal obesity on the developing fetus must be investigated. In this review, we evaluated the experimental evidence relating maternal nutritional status and eating behavior before a...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2012.04.014
更新日期：2012-08-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Air righting results in an animal turning over when it is dropped from a height in an inverted position. In the rat, air righting is a complex set of movements that depends only on an intact labyrinth and the normal vestibular input. Visual modulation of air righting does not develop until adulthood; and the ability t...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0031-9384(00)00208-0
更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A cataleptic animal clings in a vertical position, unmoving, for abnormally long periods by supporting some of its weight on its hindlegs, grasping with the forepaws, flexing its forelimbs, and holding the head horizontal. When the head is snugly wrapped with a bandage, the head slowly falls backward, the neck hyperex...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(86)90188-5
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Twenty-one healthy volunteers took part in the study, the aim of which was to determine the influence of acute pain on skin impedance, skin temperature and heart rate. Acute pain was induced by cold exposure. Skin impedance, heart rate and facial skin temperature were recorded before, during and after the painful stim...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(90)90064-b
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Harmaline (HA) is a beta-carboline commonly known to provoke motor alterations through activation of cells in the inferior olive. In addition, this pharmacological agent also induces cognitive disturbances such as motor and spatial learning impairments. In order to complete and extend these data, we examined the effec...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2005.07.006
更新日期：2005-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:To determine the neuroendocrine pattern of response to excessive drinking induced by exposure of rats to an intermittent distribution of food (schedule-induced polydipsia, SIP), the present experiment investigated changes in plasma corticosterone, prolactin and catecholamines in chronically catheterized rats that had ...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(88)90187-4
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Disruption in the gut microbiota is now recognized as an active contributor towards the development of obesity and insulin resistance. This review considers one class of dietary additives known to influence the gut microbiota that may predispose susceptible individuals to insulin resistance - the regular, long-term co...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.04.029
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have shown that vagotomy (VGX) attenuates the reduction of meal size (MS) produced by cholecystokinin (CCK) -8 and -33 and that celiaco-mesenteric ganglionectomy (CMGX) attenuates the prolongation of the intermeal interval (IMI) produced by CCK-33. Here, we report the following novel data. First, by determining the...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.10.018
更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We hypothesized that first ingestion of solid food (weaning onset) would be accelerated in young rats with advanced thermoregulatory development. To manipulate the pups' thermoregulatory development, we exposed rat pups, but not their dams, to a Cold (10 degrees C), Moderate (21 degrees C), or Warm (31 degrees C) ambi...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0031-9384(98)00077-8
更新日期：1998-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Leptin regulates energy homeostasis and reproduction. One key population of leptin receptors (Lepr) are found on proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, and evidence links the action of gonadal estrogens to these same POMC neurons. To determine whether Lepr on POMC neurons are critical ...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2010.02.018
更新日期：2010-05-11 00:00:00
abstract：:Pain threshold was determined in female rats using the tail flick test. Latency to respond depended on the locus of the tail heated, with the most distal sites resulting in the shortest response times (Experiment 1). Tail flick latency also varied according to the time of day, with shorter response times recorded arou...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(94)90040-x
更新日期：1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fatigue is common in a host of neurological and psychiatric disorders including depression and often continues unabated even after primary symptoms of disease are treated. Its high estimated prevalence combined with the lack of effective medicines has engaged the preclinical research community to search for fatigue mo...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.11.042
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of nitric oxide (NO) upon hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) toxicity in male Sprague-Dawley rats during exposure to 0.5 MPa >99% O(2). In the first experiment, the selective neuronal NO synthase inhibitor 7-nitroindazole (7-NI) was injected intraperitoneally (ip) in 15 rats. Anothe...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0031-9384(02)00765-5
更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The amphibian tetradecapeptide bombesin (BN) decreases food intake in both humans and animals. Studies have typically examined the effects of BN on scheduled meals in deprived subjects. To investigate the properties of this peptide under more naturalistic conditions, we examined the effects of BN in spontaneously feed...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(95)02136-1
更新日期：1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This exploratory investigation examined the association between maximal aerobic power (VO2max) and blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) reactivity to mental challenge. Adolescent male judo athletes (n = 20) performed a 2-min mental arithmetic. Heart rate was recorded before, during, and after the arithmetic, and BP...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(94)90187-2
更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of vomeronasal organ removal (VNX) on male mouse urine marking and aggressive behaviors were investigated. In three different stimulus conditions VNX male marking rates were about half that of sham-operated males. Aggressive behavior was tested by pairing males with male-urine-swabbed castrate males. Only ...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(86)90300-8
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Single administrations of LiCl in fluid deprived pigeons produced immediate and sustained drinking which was (a) significantly greater than in NaCl-injected birds, (b) a function of the dosage of lithium, and (c) persistent for several days following the highest dosage used. Experiment 2 employed the same procedures t...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(79)90191-4
更新日期：1979-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone released from intestinal L-cells in response to food entering into the gastrointestinal tract. GLP-1-based pharmaceuticals improve blood glucose regulation and reduce feeding. Specific macronutrients, when ingested, may trigger GLP-1 secretion and enhance the effe...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.04.017
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Learning and memory seem to be affected by chronic stress. Previous reports have considered chronic stress as a precipitating factor of different neuropsychological disorders, while others reported neurobiological adaptations following stress. The present study investigated the effects of chronic stress before, after,...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.12.004
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The adrenal cortex function of farmed blue (Alopex lagopus) and silver foxes (Vulpes vulpes) differing in their reaction in the feeding test were assessed. The urine cortisol:creatinine ratio was lower for those animals eating in the feeding test in comparison to those not eating in both species. In addition, eater si...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0031-9384(98)00232-7
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Under permissive conditions, mice and hamsters exposed to a polyphasic light regime consisting of two light and two dark phases every 24 h (Light:Dark:Light:Dark; LDLD) can adopt a bifurcated entrainment pattern with roughly equal amounts of running wheel activity in each of the two nights. This rhythm "bifurcation" h...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112625
更新日期：2019-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Many clinical studies show that a sizeable proportion of male alcoholics are also inclined to act violently and aggressively. Given this association in humans, we asked whether a relationship exists between ethanol intake and aggressive behaviour in laboratory rats. In a first test of the hypothesis, we measured ethan...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(95)02156-6
更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE), which represents the early stage of this condition, is not clinically apparent and is prevalent in up to 80% of patients. The poor outcomes of MHE encouraged us to identify more simple methods for early diagnosis of MHE. To this purpose, we evaluated the contemporary manifestation...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.01.033
更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Effects of maternal separation on feeding behavior, particularly on rebound hyperphagia, in adult rats were examined. Time-restricted scheduled feeding (2 h per day for 6 days), was given at the age of 3, 6, 9 or 12 weeks in rats that were maternal separated from postnatal days (PD) 1-21 and control rats. Following th...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0031-9384(00)00305-x
更新日期：2000-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The contribution of somatomotor activity to daily energy expenditure was estimated in 10-month-old, weight-stable, obese (fa/fa) and lean (Fa/?) Zucker rats. Total and resting heat production were assessed by recording oxygen consumption and stabilimeter activity each minute for five consecutive days in free-feeding a...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(90)90322-u
更新日期：1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Insulin was chronically administered to rats to determine its effect on the daily changes in food intake and body weight. Animals received regular insulin via 14-day osmotic minipumps in doses of 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0, and 5.0 IU/day treated either with (+GLU) or without glutamic acid (-GLU). Previous studies have shown ...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(91)90021-f
更新日期：1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Leptin is a protein that is produced primarily in fat tissue and is thought to be a lipostatic feedback signal for the regulation of body fat stores. The purpose of this study was to determine the behavioral specificity of i.c.v.-administered mouse leptin in rats and to assess the effects on meal patterns. Using a mod...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0031-9384(98)00180-2
更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00
