Abstract:
:1. We used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to study the role of plastic changes of the human motor system in the acquisition of new fine motor skills. We mapped the cortical motor areas targeting the contralateral long finger flexor and extensor muscles in subjects learning a one-handed, five-finger exercise on the piano. In a second experiment, we studied the different effects of mental and physical practice of the same five-finger exercise on the modulation of the cortical motor areas targeting muscles involved in the task. 2. Over the course of 5 days, as subjects learned the one-handed, five-finger exercise through daily 2-h manual practice sessions, the cortical motor areas targeting the long finger flexor and extensor muscles enlarged, and their activation threshold decreased. Such changes were limited to the cortical representation of the hand used in the exercise. No changes of cortical motor outputs occurred in control subjects who underwent daily TMS mapping but did not practice on the piano at all (control group 1). 3. We studied the effect of increased hand use without specific skill learning in subjects who played the piano at will for 2 h each day using only the right hand but who were not taught the five-finger exercise (control group 2) and who did not practice any specific task. In these control subjects, the changes in cortical motor outputs were similar but significantly less prominent than in those occurring in the test subjects, who learned the new skill.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
journal_name
J Neurophysioljournal_title
Journal of neurophysiologyauthors
Pascual-Leone A,Nguyet D,Cohen LG,Brasil-Neto JP,Cammarota A,Hallett Mdoi
10.1152/jn.1995.74.3.1037subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-09-01 00:00:00pages
1037-45issue
3eissn
0022-3077issn
1522-1598journal_volume
74pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Senosory neurons manifest pronounced changes in excitability during maturation, but the factors contributing to this ubiquitous developmental phenomenon are not well understood. To assess the contribution of intrinsic membrane properties to such changes in excitability, in the present study whole cell patch-clamp reco...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1997.78.6.2895
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The effects of inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) barrages on coding of sinusoidal length inputs were investigated in slowly and rapidly adapting stretch receptors of crayfish (RM1 and RM2, respectively). To examine the contribution of postsynaptic firings, a description was obtained of the temporal correlati...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1990.63.6.1520
更新日期:1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Many examples of long-term potentiation (LPT) are induced by repetitive electrical stimulation of presynaptic axons. LTP also is induced by direct glutamate iontophoresis (1 M, 1-2 microA, 10 s) onto postsynaptic neurons in hippocampal slices without evoked presynaptic stimulation; this form of LTP is called "ionto...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1996.75.5.1909
更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::6-((4,4-difluoro-5,7-dimethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3-propionyl)amino)hexanoic acid ryanodine (BODIPY-ryanodine) binding and Ca(2+) imaging were used to study the properties of ryanodine receptors (RyRs) and cytoplasmic Ca(2+) (Ca) changes in neurons cultured from the embryonic rat hippocampus during the earli...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2002.88.3.1077
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to examine when the muscles and joints of the forelimb become represented in primary motor cortex (M1) during postnatal life and how local representation patterns change. We examined these questions in cats that were anesthetized (45-90 days, n = 14; adults, n = 3) and awake (n = 4; 52-86...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2000.84.5.2582
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Current and voltage-clamp recordings were made at room temperature from cultured mouse spinal neurons using conventional two-electrode voltage-clamp techniques and electrodes filled with either 3 M KCl, 3 M CsCl, or 3 M Cs2SO4. In the presence of tetraethylammonium and tetrodotoxin, "fast" (rapidly rising and falling)...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1986.55.6.1115
更新日期:1986-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The innervation patterns of vestibular saccular afferents were quantitatively investigated in pigeons using biotinylated dextran amine as a neural tracer and three-dimensional computer reconstruction. Type I hair cells were found throughout a large portion of the macula, with the highest density observed in the striol...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00817.2001
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The preceding study demonstrated that normal subjects compensate for the additional interaction torques generated when a reaching movement is made during voluntary trunk rotation. The present paper assesses the influence of trunk rotation on finger trajectories and on interjoint coordination and determines whether sim...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00160.2001
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The R6/2 mouse is the most frequently used model for experimental and preclinical drug trials in Huntington's disease (HD). When the R6/2 mouse was first developed, it carried exon 1 of the huntingtin gene with ~150 cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) repeats. The model presented with a rapid and aggressive phenotype that ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00762.2011
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The functional role of sensory input to the motor cortex was studied by interrupting two major input pathways. One was the dorsal column, which sends the input directly through the thalamus to the motor cortex, and the other was the sensory cortex, which transfers its input through association fibers. Removal of the s...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1984.52.2.212
更新日期:1984-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Here we study the variability in extracellular records of action potentials. Our work is motivated, in part, by the need to construct effective algorithms to classify single-unit waveforms from multiunit recordings. 2. We used microwire electrode pairs (stereotrodes) to record from primary somatosensory cortex of a...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1996.76.6.3823
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Modularity in the central nervous system (CNS), i.e., the brain capability to generate a wide repertoire of movements by combining a small number of building blocks ("modules"), is thought to underlie the control of movement. Numerous studies reported evidence for such a modular organization by identifying invariant m...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00245.2013
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::An orthodromically evoked late hyperpolarizing potential (LHP) was studied using intracellular recording techniques in rat hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells in vitro. Several tests indicated that the LHP is not blocked by GABA antagonists, but rather comprises the initial portion of the stimulation-induced burst afterhy...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1984.52.5.892
更新日期:1984-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Humans engage in many daily activities that rely on working memory, the ability to hold and sequence information temporarily to accomplish a task. We focus on the process of working memory, based on circuit mechanisms for attending to relevant signals and suppressing irrelevant stimuli. We discuss that connections cri...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/jn.00936.2017
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In developing ciliary ganglion (CG) neurons, movement of functional large-conductance (BK type) Ca(2+)-activated K+ (K(Ca)) channels to the cell surface is stimulated by the endogenous growth factors TGF(beta)1 and beta-neuregulin-1 (NRG1). Here we show that a brief NRG1 treatment (0.5-1.5 h) mobilizes K(Ca) channels ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00296.2005
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sensory-driven behaviors engage a cascade of cortical regions to process sensory input and generate motor output. To investigate the temporal dynamics of neural activity at this global scale, we have improved and integrated tools to perform functional imaging across large areas of cortex using a transgenic mouse expre...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01056.2015
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The nucleus tractus solitarii (nTS) is the initial central termination site for visceral afferents and is important for modulation and integration of multiple reflexes including cardiorespiratory reflexes. Glutamate is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the nTS and is removed from the extracellular milieu by e...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01054.2015
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common form of epilepsy in adults and is often refractory to antiepileptic medications. The medial entorhinal area (MEA) is affected in TLE but mechanisms underlying hyperexcitability of MEA neurons require further elucidation. Previous studies suggest that inputs from the pres...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00823.2015
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. We recorded local field potentials in the parafoveal representation in the primary visual cortex of anesthetized and paralyzed macaque monkeys with a multicontact electrode that provided for sampling of neural activity at 16 sites along a vertical penetration. Differential recordings at adjacent contacts were trans...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1994.72.5.2151
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have found new evidence for gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-induced intrinsic optical changes associated with a voltage-sensitive dye signal in the early embryonic chick brain stem slice. The slices were prepared from 8-day-old embryos, and they were stained with a voltage-sensitive dye (NK2761). Pressure ejection o...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1998.79.4.2208
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. We study the propagation and dynamics of spindle waves in thalamic slices by developing and analyzing a model of reciprocally coupled populations of excitatory thalamocortical (TC) neurons and inhibitory thalamic reticular (RE) neurons. 2. Each TC neuron has three intrinsic ionic currents: a low-threshold T-type Ca...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1996.75.2.750
更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Modulation of dendrodendritic synapses by the noradrenergic system in the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) plays a key role in the formation of memory in olfactory-mediated behaviors. We have recently shown that noradrenaline (NA) inhibits mitral cells by increasing gamma-aminobutyric acid inhibitory input onto mitral c...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.91093.2008
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The dependence of the form of the EMG-force relation on key motoneuron and muscle properties was explored using a simulation approach. Surface EMG signals and isometric forces were simulated using existing motoneuron pool, muscle force, and surface EMG models, based primarily on reported properties of the first dorsal...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00367.2004
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The effects of dopamine on the slow Ca(2+)-dependent K+ current (IAHP; AHP, afterhyperpolarization) and spike frequency adaptation were studied by whole cell voltage-clamp and sharp microelectrode current-clamp recordings in rat CA1 pyramidal neurons in rat hippocampal slices. 2. Dopamine suppressed IAHP in a dose-...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1995.74.6.2749
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intense itch and urge to scratch are the major symptoms of many chronic skin ailments, which are increasingly common. Vicious itch-scratch cycles are readily established and may diminish quality of life for those afflicted. We investigated peripheral and central processing of two types of itch sensation elicited by sk...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00070.2006
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intracellular recordings were performed in Cs-loaded sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPNs) of the intermediolateral nucleus, identified by antidromic stimulation, in the slice of the T2 or T3 segment of the cat spinal cord. Loading the neurons with Cs resulted in broadening of the action potential, depression of th...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1987.57.5.1325
更新日期:1987-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. An electrophysiological study of the D-glucose sensitivity of X-organ (XO) neurosecretory cell bodies in crayfish was carried out with the use of microelectrodes, perforated, and cell-attached patch-clamp techniques. 2. Glucose depolarizes the membrane potential of XO cells in a concentration-dependent manner. 3. D...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1993.70.2.758
更新日期:1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The movement representation in the primary motor cortex (M1) of the cat develops between postnatal weeks 7-12. The somatosensory representation in motor cortex is present by the age that the motor map begins to develop. In this study we examined the role of neural activity in development and maintenance of the M1 move...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00424.2005
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We often look at and sometimes reach for visible targets. Looking at a target is fast and relatively easy. By comparison, reaching for an object is slower and is associated with a larger cost. We hypothesized that, as a result of these differences, abrupt visual onsets may drive the circuits involved in saccade planni...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00968.2012
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Spinal cord neuronal circuits generate motor neuron activity patterns responsible for rhythmic hindlimb behaviors such as scratching and swimming. Kinematic analyses of limb movements generated by this motor neuron output reveal important characteristics of these behaviors. Intralimb kinematics of the turtle hindlimb ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1997.78.3.1394
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00