Abstract:
:The innervation patterns of vestibular saccular afferents were quantitatively investigated in pigeons using biotinylated dextran amine as a neural tracer and three-dimensional computer reconstruction. Type I hair cells were found throughout a large portion of the macula, with the highest density observed in the striola. Type II hair cells were located throughout the macula, with the highest density in the extrastriola. Three classes of afferent innervation patterns were observed, including calyx, dimorph, and bouton units, with 137 afferents being anatomically reconstructed and used for quantitative comparisons. Calyx afferents were located primarily in the striola, innervated a number of type I hair cells, and had small innervation areas. Most calyx afferent terminal fields were oriented parallel to the anterior-posterior axis and the morphological polarization reversal line. Dimorph afferents were located throughout the macula, contained fewer type I hair cells in a calyceal terminal than calyx afferents and had medium sized innervation areas. Bouton afferents were restricted to the extrastriola, with multi-branching fibers and large innervation areas. Most of the dimorph and bouton afferents had innervation fields that were oriented dorso-ventrally but were parallel to the neighboring reversal line. The organizational morphology of the saccule was found to be distinctly different from that of the avian utricle or lagena otolith organs and appears to represent a receptor organ undergoing evolutionary adaptation toward sensing linear motion in terrestrial and aerial species.
journal_name
J Neurophysioljournal_title
Journal of neurophysiologyauthors
Zakir M,Huss D,Dickman JDdoi
10.1152/jn.00817.2001subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-01-01 00:00:00pages
534-50issue
1eissn
0022-3077issn
1522-1598journal_volume
89pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Whole cell voltage-clamp recordings from acutely isolated hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells from adult guinea pigs were used to evaluate divalent cations as possible blockers of the postexposure current (Ipe). Ipe is a cation current that is triggered by the rise in intracellular Ca2+ concentration that occurs after the...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1998.79.2.1124
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the absence of any obvious input, sensory neurons and interneurons can display resting or spontaneous activity. This is often regarded as noise and removed through trial averaging, although it may reflect history-dependent modulation of tuning or fidelity and, thus, be of functional relevance to downstream interneu...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00864.2018
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined the effect of the sweet transduction blocker gurmarin on taste responses recorded from neurons in the rat solitary nucleus (NST) to determine how gurmarin sensitivity is distributed across neuronal type. Initially, responses evoked by washing the anterior tongue and palate with 0.5 M sucrose, 0.1 M NaCl, 0...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00215.2003
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A description of healthy and pathological brain dynamics requires an understanding of spatiotemporal patterns of neural activity and characteristics of its propagation between interconnected circuits. However, the structure and modulation of the neural activation maps underlying these patterns and their propagation re...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00708.2011
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::An important question in neuroscience is whether and how temporal patterns and fluctuations in neuronal spike trains contribute to information processing in the cortex. We have addressed this issue in the memory-related circuits of the prefrontal cortex by analyzing spike trains from a database of 229 neurons recorded...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00949.2002
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report the first optical recordings of action potentials, in single trials, from one or a few (approximately 1-2 microm) mammalian nerve terminals in an intact in vitro preparation, the mouse neurohypophysis. The measurements used two-photon excitation along the "blue" edge of the two-photon absorption spectrum of ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00929.2007
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We simultaneously compared the sensitivity of single primary afferent neurons supplying the glabrous skin of the hand and the psychophysical amplitude discrimination thresholds in human subjects for a set of vibrotactile stimuli delivered to the receptive field. All recorded afferents had a dynamic range narrower than...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00482.2014
更新日期:2014-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::1. This study demonstrates plasticity of the vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) in chickens and compares it to that of other species and to that of newly hatched chicks. Adaptive changes in the VOR were induced by subjecting the animals to combinations of visual and vestibular stimuli that simulated the effect of the VOR be...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1982.48.4.952
更新日期:1982-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Whereas the activation of Gαi/o-coupled receptors commonly results in postsynaptic responses that show acute desensitization, the presynaptic inhibition of transmitter release caused by many Gαi/o-coupled receptors is maintained during agonist exposure. However, an exception has been noted where GABAB receptor (GABABR...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00535.2015
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intracellular recording from lumbar motoneurons and extracellular recording from ventral roots of the neonatal rat isolated spinal cord were used to study the mechanisms responsible for the excitation mediated by NK3 tachykinin receptors. The selective NK3 agonists senktide or [MePhe7]neurokinin B induced a slow depol...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2001.86.6.2939
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The axons that project into the striatum are known to segregate according to macroscopic cortical systems; however, the within-region organization of these fibers has yet to be described in humans. We used in vivo fiber tractography, in neurologically healthy adults, to map white matter bundles that originate in diffe...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00995.2011
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bladder and erectile dysfunction are common urologic complications of diabetes and are associated with reduced parasympathetic autonomic control. To determine whether disruption of ganglionic neurotransmission contributes to the loss of function, we investigated synaptic transmission at parasympathetic, major pelvic g...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00354.2012
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A stratified organization of visual, somatic and acoustic representations was observed in the cat SC. Cells of the superficial laminae were exclusively visual. Visual, somatic, and acoustic cells were observed in the intermediate laminae while the deeper laminae were predominantly nonvisual. A detailed examination of ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1976.39.2.401
更新日期:1976-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Buffering of glutamate-induced Ca2+ loads in single rat hippocampal neurons grown in primary culture was studied with ratiometric fluorescent Ca2+ indicators. The hypothesis that mitochondria buffer the large Ca2+ loads elicited by glutamate was tested. 2. The relationship between glutamate concentration and the re...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1996.76.3.1611
更新日期:1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Paired associative stimulation (PAS) based on Hebb's law of association can induce plastic changes in the intact human. The optimal interstimulus interval (ISI) between the peripheral nerve and transcranial magnetic stimulus is not known for muscles of the lower leg. The aims of this study were to investigate the effe...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01176.2006
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous functional MRI studies reported neural correlates of risk and ambiguity based on behavioral economic theories. A recent study controlled for uncertainty by adding noise to information of an impending aversive event and demonstrated brain areas that did not track the degree of uncertainty: the activation peake...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/jn.00406.2009
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to investigate how humans correct ongoing arm movements while standing. Specifically, we sought to understand whether the postural adjustments in the legs required for online corrections of arm movements are predictive or rely on feedback from the moving limb. To answer this question we measu...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00944.2010
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Activation of muscarinic receptors and GABA(B) receptors causes presynaptic inhibition of glutamatergic synaptic potentials at excitatory feedback connections in cortical structures. These effects may regulate dynamics in cortical structures, with presynaptic inhibition allowing extrinsic afferent input to dominate du...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2001.86.4.1792
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Slowness of voluntary movements in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) may be due to various factors, including attentional and cognitive deficits, delays in motor conduction time, and impairment of specific central nervous system circuits. In 13 healthy volunteers and 20 mildly disabled, relapsing-remitting MS pati...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00591.2014
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We charted postnatal changes in the intrinsic electrophysiological properties and synaptic responses of rat intrinsic cardiac ganglion (ICG) neurons. We developed a whole-mount ganglion preparation of the excised right atrial ganglion plexus. Using intracellular recordings and nerve stimulation we tested the hypothesi...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01220.2005
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Impulse from soleus muscle afferents were recorded in premammillary cats that were walking on a treadmill. In normal walking the effects of gamma-motoneurons on impulse rates of muscle spindle afferents are confounded by the effects of the large length changes that occur. To isolate the effects of gamma-motoneurons th...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1985.53.2.341
更新日期:1985-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic pain after nerve injury is often accompanied by hypersensitivity to mechanical stimuli, yet whether this reflects altered input, altered processing, or both remains unclear. Spinal nerve ligation or transection results in hypersensitivity to mechanical stimuli in skin innervated by adjacent dorsal root ganglia...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00506.2014
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In recent years, electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography (MEG) have both been used to investigate the response in human auditory cortex to musical sounds that are perceived as consonant or dissonant. These studies have typically focused on the transient components of the physiological activity at sound onset...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00876.2018
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The kinetic properties of embryonic Xenopus spinal cord neuron N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-activated receptors (NMDAR) were examined at the single-channel level. These receptors have a main conductance state of 50 pS and make occasional sojourns to a subconductance level of approximately 40 pS. The open channel lif...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1995.74.1.153
更新日期:1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Less than two segments of the cervical spinal cord of the mudpuppy (Necturus maculatus) is sufficient to generate a locomotor rhythm with application of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA). We have recorded intracellularly from rhythmically active interneurons in these segments and classified them according to their ph...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1994.71.6.2025
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The holoplanktonic pteropod mollusk Clione limacina exhibits an active escape behavior that is characterized by fast swimming away from the source of potentially harmful stimuli. The initial phase of escape behavior is a startle response that is controlled by pedal motoneurons whose activity is independent of the norm...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1997.77.1.281
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hyperreflexia and spasticity are chronic complications in spinal cord injury (SCI), with limited options for safe and effective treatment. A central mechanism in spasticity is hyperexcitability of the spinal stretch reflex, which presents symptomatically as a velocity-dependent increase in tonic stretch reflexes and e...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00566.2014
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cerebellum has long been recognized to play an important role in motor adaptation. Individuals with cerebellar ataxia exhibit impaired learning in visuomotor adaptation tasks such as prism adaptation and force field learning. Both types of tasks involve the adjustment of an internal model to compensate for an exte...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00654.2011
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::EEG generator-a model of potentials in a volume conductor. The potential recorded over the cortex electro-corticogram (ECoG) or over the scalp [electroencephalograph (EEG)] derives from the activity of many sources known as "EEG generators." The recorded amplitude is basically a function of the unitary potential of a ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.91143.2008
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::When a monkey attends to, remembers, and looks toward targets, the activity of some neurons in the lateral intraparietal area (LIP) changes. We recorded from isolated neurons during both a spatial and a shape match-to-sample task to examine and characterize voluntary active processes in LIP. Many LIP neurons show spat...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00431.2005
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00