Abstract:
:Hyperreflexia and spasticity are chronic complications in spinal cord injury (SCI), with limited options for safe and effective treatment. A central mechanism in spasticity is hyperexcitability of the spinal stretch reflex, which presents symptomatically as a velocity-dependent increase in tonic stretch reflexes and exaggerated tendon jerks. In this study we tested the hypothesis that dendritic spine remodeling within motor reflex pathways in the spinal cord contributes to H-reflex dysfunction indicative of spasticity after contusion SCI. Six weeks after SCI in adult Sprague-Dawley rats, we observed changes in dendritic spine morphology on α-motor neurons below the level of injury, including increased density, altered spine shape, and redistribution along dendritic branches. These abnormal spine morphologies accompanied the loss of H-reflex rate-dependent depression (RDD) and increased ratio of H-reflex to M-wave responses (H/M ratio). Above the level of injury, spine density decreased compared with below-injury spine profiles and spine distributions were similar to those for uninjured controls. As expected, there was no H-reflex hyperexcitability above the level of injury in forelimb H-reflex testing. Treatment with NSC23766, a Rac1-specific inhibitor, decreased the presence of abnormal dendritic spine profiles below the level of injury, restored RDD of the H-reflex, and decreased H/M ratios in SCI animals. These findings provide evidence for a novel mechanistic relationship between abnormal dendritic spine remodeling in the spinal cord motor system and reflex dysfunction in SCI.
journal_name
J Neurophysioljournal_title
Journal of neurophysiologyauthors
Bandaru SP,Liu S,Waxman SG,Tan AMdoi
10.1152/jn.00566.2014subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-03-01 00:00:00pages
1598-615issue
5eissn
0022-3077issn
1522-1598pii
jn.00566.2014journal_volume
113pub_type
杂志文章abstract::1. In Aplysia buccal ganglia, in which dual presynaptic neurons innervate multiple postsynaptic cells, strengths of the same identified synapses differ from animal to animal, consistent with developmental or plastic modulation. Synaptic strengths are specified by the postsynaptic neuron, so that synaptic current ampli...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1991.66.6.2150
更新日期:1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The anterior branch of N. VIII was sectioned in adult frogs. Two months later the brain was isolated to record in vitro responses in the vestibular nuclei and from the abducens nerves following electric stimulation of the anterior branch of N. VIII or of the posterior canal nerve. Extra- and intracellularly recorded r...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2000.84.1.581
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Considerable evidence suggests that brain stem pedunculopontine tegmentum (PPT) cholinergic cells are critically involved in the normal regulation of wakefulness and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. However, much of this evidence comes from indirect studies. Thus, although involvement of PPT cholinergic neurons has bee...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1997.77.6.2975
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Distractions affect postural control, but this mechanism is not well understood. Diversion of resources during cognitive stress may lead to decreased motor drive and postural muscle tone. This may appear as decreased postural stiffness and increased postural sway amplitude. We hypothesized that dual tasking leads to d...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00820.2009
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bis(7)-tacrine is a potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitor in which two tacrine molecules are linked by a heptylene chain. We tested the effects of bis(7)-tacrine on the spontaneous synaptic activity. Miniature endplate potentials (MEPPs) were recorded extracellularly on slices of electric organ of Torpedo marmorata. B...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2001.86.1.183
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::When a monkey attends to, remembers, and looks toward targets, the activity of some neurons in the lateral intraparietal area (LIP) changes. We recorded from isolated neurons during both a spatial and a shape match-to-sample task to examine and characterize voluntary active processes in LIP. Many LIP neurons show spat...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00431.2005
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The neurons in the intermediate layers of the monkey superior colliculus (SC) that discharge before saccadic eye movements can be divided into at least two types, burst and buildup neurons, and the differences in their characteristics are compatible with different functional contributions of the two cell types. It has...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1998.79.4.2082
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Normative theories posit that value-based decision-making is context independent. However, decisions between two high-value options can be suboptimally biased by the introduction of a third low-value option. This context-dependent modulation is consistent with the divisive normalization of the value of each stimulus b...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00343.2015
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Annexin I is a local mediator in neural-endocrine feedback control of inflammation. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 3120-3126, 1998. Activation of primary afferent nociceptors induces a neural endocrine-mediated inhibition of the inflammatory response via a circuit that includes ascending spinal pathways and activation of the hy...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1998.80.6.3120
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (DNLL) receives afferent inputs from many brain stem nuclei and, in turn, is a major source of inhibitory inputs to the inferior colliculus (IC). The goal of this study was to characterize the monaural and binaural response properties of neurons in the DNLL of unanesthetized...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00451.2007
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most of what we know about the neural control of gaze comes from experiments in head-fixed animals, but several "head-free" studies have suggested that fixing the head dramatically alters the apparent gaze command. We directly investigated this issue by quantitatively comparing head-fixed and head-free gaze trajectori...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00330.2003
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::ACh modulates neuronal activity throughout the cerebral cortex, including the primary visual cortex (V1). However, a number of issues regarding this modulation remain unknown, such as the effect and its function and the receptor subtypes involved. To address these issues, we combined extracellular single-unit recordin...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00330.2011
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mechanisms underlying the depression of evoked fast excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) following superfusion with medium deprived of oxygen and glucose (in vitro ischemia) for a 4-min period in hippocampal CA1 neurons were investigated in rat brain slices. The amplitude of evoked fast EPSCs decreased by 85 +...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2001.86.3.1095
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Visual tracking of moving objects requires prediction to compensate for visual delays and minimize mismatches between eye and target position and velocity. In everyday life, objects often disappear behind an occluder, and prediction is required to align eye and target at reappearance. Earlier studies investigating eye...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00596.2005
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several qualitative features distinguish bipedal from quadrupedal locomotion in mammals. In this study we show quantitative differences between quadrupedal and bipedal gait in the Japanese monkey in terms of gait patterns, trunk/hindlimb kinematics, and electromyographic (EMG) activity, obtained from 3 macaques during...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00803.2018
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We characterized the electroresponsive and morphological properties of neurons in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST). Previously, Rainnie and colleagues distinguished three cell types in the anterolateral region of BNST (BNST-AL): low-threshold bursting cells (LTB; type II) and regular spiking neurons that...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00408.2013
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pentobarbital, a general anesthetic, has received extensive study for its ability to potentiate inhibition at GABA(A) subtype of receptors for GABA. Using whole cell current-clamp techniques and bath applications, we determined the effects of pentobarbital and GABA receptor antagonists on the membrane properties and t...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00365.2002
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Head rotation, translation, and tilt with respect to a gravitational field elicit reflexive eye movements that partially stabilize images of Earth-fixed objects on the retinas of humans and other vertebrates. Compared with the angular vestibulo-ocular reflex, responses to translation and tilt, collectively called the ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00882.2018
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many neurons within prefrontal cortex exhibit a tonic discharge between visual stimulation and motor response. This delay activity may contribute to movement, memory, and vision. We studied delay activity sent from the frontal eye field (FEF) in prefrontal cortex to the superior colliculus (SC). We evaluated whether t...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2001.85.4.1673
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Learned vocalizations, such as bird song, require intricate coordination of vocal and respiratory muscles. Although the neural basis for this coordination remains poorly understood, it likely includes direct synaptic interactions between respiratory premotor neurons and vocal motor neurons. In birds, as in mammals, th...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00257.2005
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Effects of hypothalamic stimulation on activity of dorsomedial medulla neurons that responded to subdiaphragmatic vagal stimulation were investigated in urethan-anesthetized rats. 2. Extracellular recordings were made from 231 neurons in the nucleus of the tractus solitarius (NTS) that fired repetitively in respons...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1987.58.4.655
更新日期:1987-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Differential Modulation by Copper and Zinc of P2X2 and P2X4 Receptor Function. The modulation by Cu2+ and Zn2+ of P2X2 and P2X4 receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes was studied with the two-electrode, voltage-clamp technique. In oocytes expressing P2X2 receptors, both Cu2+ and Zn2+, in the concentration range 1-130 ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1999.81.5.2088
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The locus coeruleus (LC) noradrenergic (NE) neuromodulatory system is critically involved in regulation of neural excitability via its diffuse ascending projections. Tonic NE release in the forebrain is essential for maintenance of vigilant states and increases the signal-to-noise ratio of cortical sensory responses. ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00552.2017
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. In taste neurophysiology, from Pfaffmann's (49, 50) pioneering work until the present, the possibility of types of neurons corresponding in some sense with the "primary" taste qualities of Henning (33) has been entertained: recently types of gustatory neurons in peripheral nerves have been established according to ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1979.42.5.1390
更新日期:1979-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The responsiveness of sensory neurons to muscle metabolites is altered under the conditions of insufficient limb blood supply in some diseases, such as peripheral artery disease. The purpose of this study was to examine ATP-induced current with activation of purinergic P2X subtypes P2X₃ and P2X₂/₃ in dorsal root gangl...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01068.2012
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The human auditory system has an exceptional ability to separate competing sounds, but the neural mechanisms that underlie this ability are not understood. Responses of inferior colliculus (IC) neurons to "mistuned" complex tones were measured to investigate possible neural mechanisms for spectral segregation. A mistu...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01194.2004
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We studied the effects of fatigue of the index finger on indices of force variability in discrete and rhythmic accurate force production tasks performed by the index finger and by all four fingers pressing in parallel. An increase in the variance of the force produced by the fatigued index finger was expected. We hypo...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00077.2010
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microelectrode studies in monkeys performing short-term memory tasks show the sustained elevated discharge of cortical neurons during the retention of recalled sensory information. Cortical cells that are part of memory networks are assumed to receive numerous inputs of excitatory as well as inhibitory nature and loca...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1997.77.4.2219
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Group I metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) agonists increase the excitability of hippocampal CAl pyramidal neurons via depression of the postspike afterhyperpolarization. In adult rats, this is mediated by both mGluR1 and -5, but the signal transduction processes involved are unknown. In this study, we investigat...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01236.2003
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The lateral hypothalamus (LH), which plays a role in homeostatic functions such as appetite regulation, is also linked to arousal and motivational behavior. However, little is known about how these components are encoded in the LH. Thus cynomolgus monkeys were conditioned with two distinct contexts, i.e., an appetitiv...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00247.2018
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00