Abstract:
:Head rotation, translation, and tilt with respect to a gravitational field elicit reflexive eye movements that partially stabilize images of Earth-fixed objects on the retinas of humans and other vertebrates. Compared with the angular vestibulo-ocular reflex, responses to translation and tilt, collectively called the otolith-ocular reflex (OOR), are less completely characterized, typically smaller, generally disconjugate (different for the 2 eyes) and more complicated in their relationship to the natural stimuli that elicit them. We measured binocular 3-dimensional OOR responses of 6 alert normal chinchillas in darkness during whole body tilts around 16 Earth-horizontal axes and translations along 21 axes in horizontal, coronal, and sagittal planes. Ocular countertilt responses to 40-s whole body tilts about Earth-horizontal axes grew linearly with head tilt amplitude, but responses were disconjugate, with each eye's response greatest for whole body tilts about axes near the other eye's resting line of sight. OOR response magnitude during 1-Hz sinusoidal whole body translations along Earth-horizontal axes also grew with stimulus amplitude. Translational OOR responses were similarly disconjugate, with each eye's response greatest for whole body translations along its resting line of sight. Responses to Earth-horizontal translation were similar to those that would be expected for tilts that would cause a similar peak deviation of the gravitoinertial acceleration (GIA) vector with respect to the head, consistent with the "perceived tilt" model of the OOR. However, that model poorly fit responses to translations along non-Earth-horizontal axes and was insufficient to explain why responses are larger for the eye toward which the GIA vector deviates.NEW & NOTEWORTHY As the first in a pair of papers on Binocular 3D Otolith-Ocular Reflexes, this paper characterizes binocular 3D eye movements in normal chinchillas during tilts and translations. The eye movement responses were used to create a data set to fully define the normal otolith-ocular reflexes in chinchillas. This data set provides the foundation to use otolith-ocular reflexes to back-project direction and magnitude of eye movement to predict tilt axis as discussed in the companion paper.
journal_name
J Neurophysioljournal_title
Journal of neurophysiologyauthors
Hageman KN,Chow MR,Roberts D,Della Santina CCdoi
10.1152/jn.00882.2018subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-01-01 00:00:00pages
243-258issue
1eissn
0022-3077issn
1522-1598journal_volume
123pub_type
杂志文章abstract::1. Intracellular and extracellular recordings were obtained from ganglion cells in the rabbit retina. The effect of N-methyl-DL-aspartate (NMDLA) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists were studied with the use of a perfusion method for drug application. 2. NMDLA excited all ganglion cell types and caused a chara...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1990.63.1.16
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of the present study was to determine whether retinal activity can support long-term changes in synaptic strength in the developing dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of thalamus. To test for this we made use of a rodent in vitro explant preparation in which retinal afferents and the intrinsic circuit...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.90618.2008
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Regulation of feeding behavior involves the integration of multiple physiological and neurological pathways that control both nutrient-seeking and consummatory behaviors. The consummatory phase of ingestion includes stereotyped oromotor movements of the tongue and jaw that are controlled through brain stem pathways. T...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00091.2014
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The response properties of accessory optic system (AOS) neurons were assessed using single-unit extracellular recording from each of the three AOS terminal nuclei [medial, lateral, and dorsal terminal nuclei (MTN, LTN, and DTN)] in the anesthetized rabbit. 2. AOS neurons had large, monocular (contralateral) recepti...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1988.60.6.2037
更新日期:1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Spatiotemporal convergence and two-dimensional (2-D) neural tuning have been proposed as a major neural mechanism in the signal processing of linear acceleration. To examine this hypothesis, we studied the firing properties of primary otolith afferents and central otolith neurons that respond exclusively to horizontal...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2000.84.4.2113
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::EEG oscillations are hypothesized to reflect cyclical variations in the neuronal excitability, with particular frequency bands reflecting differing spatial scales of brain operation. However, despite decades of clinical and scientific investigation, there is no unifying theory of EEG organization, and the role of ongo...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00263.2005
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate the dependence of velocity characteristics on spatiotemporal interactions the velocity selectivity of 15 geniculate and 72 cortical cells (areas 17 and 18) was examined with light and dark bars before and after masking all but the most sensitive part of the receptive field. The use of a 0.3 degree windo...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1985.54.4.1050
更新日期:1985-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many laboratories have reported the successful regeneration of neurons across damaged portions of the spinal cord. Associated improvements in hindlimb locomotor movements have been attributed to the formation of functional neuronal connections with the locomotor central pattern generator (CPG). However, regenerating a...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00814.2006
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microglia constitute ~10-20% of glial cells in the adult human brain. They are the resident phagocytic immune cells of the central nervous system and play an integral role as first responders during inflammation. Microglia are commonly classified as "HM" (homeostatic), "M1" (classically activated proinflammatory), or ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1152/jn.00395.2019
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Activation of muscarinic receptors and GABA(B) receptors causes presynaptic inhibition of glutamatergic synaptic potentials at excitatory feedback connections in cortical structures. These effects may regulate dynamics in cortical structures, with presynaptic inhibition allowing extrinsic afferent input to dominate du...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2001.86.4.1792
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examined whether neuronal activity in the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) covaries with image motion or actual movement of the arm while planning a target-capturing task when the motor task is guided by an image of the moving arm. For this purpose, we trained a monkey to capture a target on a video screen with...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2002.88.4.2167
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is well established that orderly patterns of motor neuron activity, muscle recruitment, and limb movement are generated in chicks during motility by embryonic day (E)9, the midpoint in embryonic development. However, our recent work suggests that some attributes of motility, such as the rhythm of repetitive limb mo...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00393.2003
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The physiological and pharmacological properties of excitatory amino acid (EAA)-induced responses were investigated in acutely isolated spiral ganglion cells of guinea pig by a conventional patch-clamp technique combined with a rapid drug application (Y-tube) method. 2. L-glutamate (Glu) and its agonists, quisquala...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1991.65.3.715
更新日期:1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although T-type Ca(2+) channels in the reticular thalamic nucleus (nRT) have a central function in tuning neuronal excitability and are implicated in sensory processing, sleep, and epilepsy, the mechanisms involved in their regulation are poorly understood. Here we recorded T-type Ca(2+) currents from intact nRT neuro...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00926.2006
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. We probed the gain and phase of the vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) during the execution of voluntary gaze saccades, with continuous oscillation or acceleration pulses, applied through a torque helmet. 2. Small-amplitude (< 1 degree), high-frequency (10-14 Hz) head oscillations in the horizontal or vertical plane were...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1996.76.5.3249
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The neurons in the intermediate layers of the monkey superior colliculus (SC) that discharge before saccadic eye movements can be divided into at least two types, burst and buildup neurons, and the differences in their characteristics are compatible with different functional contributions of the two cell types. It has...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1998.79.4.2082
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Some neurons in early visual cortex are highly selective for the position of oriented edges in their receptive fields (simple cells), whereas others are largely position insensitive (complex cells). These characteristics are reflected in their sensitivity to the spatial phase of moving sine-wave gratings: simple cell ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00539.2014
更新日期:2015-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::Pioneering studies demonstrated that novel degrees of freedom could be controlled individually by directly encoding the firing rate of single motor cortex neurons, without regard to each neuron's role in controlling movement of the native limb. In contrast, recent brain-computer interface work has emphasized decoding ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00373.2013
更新日期:2014-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::The complementary DNA encoding gustatory cyclic nucleotide--gated ion channel (or gustCNG channel) cloned from rat tongue epithelial tissue was expressed in Xenopus oocytes, and its electrophysiological characteristics were investigated using tight-seal patch-clamp recordings of single and macroscopic channel currents...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2001.85.6.2335
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The interstitial nucleus of Cajal (INC) is thought to control torsional and vertical head posture. Unilateral microstimulation of the INC evokes torsional head rotation to positions that are maintained until stimulation offset. Unilateral INC inactivation evokes head position-holding deficits with the head tilted in t...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.90363.2008
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Neuronal responses to cutaneous and noncutaneous stimulation were examined in the hindlimb representation of the precentral motor cortex (MI) and the first somatosensory cortex (SI) of unanesthetized monkeys. 2. MI can be divided into two distinct parts of the basis of its afferent input. The rostral part receives ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1981.45.3.467
更新日期:1981-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::N-arachidonoyldopamine (NADA) is an endogenous molecule found in the nervous system that is capable of acting as a vanilloid agonist via the TRPV1 receptor and as a cannabinoid agonist via the CB1 receptor. Using anesthetized rats, we investigated the neural correlates of behavioral thermal hyperalgesia produced by NA...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00395.2005
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neurons in area MT, a motion-sensitive area of extrastriate cortex, respond to a step of target velocity with a transient-sustained firing pattern. The transition from a high initial firing rate to a lower sustained rate occurs over a time course of 20-80 ms and is considered a form of short-term adaptation. The prese...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00852.2001
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The operculoinsular cortical region has a major role in the representation of noxious stimuli, based on functional imaging observations, clinical lesion studies, and EEG recordings of specifically pain-related laser-evoked potentials (LEPs) in humans. The source of LEPs has not been identified, and several somatic rep...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00512.2006
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The dorsal horn (DH) of chickens exhibits a novel pattern of cytoarchitectonic lamination among vertebrates, whereby lamina III lies medial, rather than ventral, to lamina II. Indeed, cutaneous nerves labeled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) form two separate projections across the mediolateral axis of the superfi...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1992.67.2.241
更新日期:1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The contributions of the hyperpolarization-activated current, I(h), to generation of rhythmic activities are well described for various central neurons, particularly in thalamocortical circuits. In the present study, we investigated effects of a general anesthetic, propofol, on native I(h) in neurons of thalamus and c...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00389.2005
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) inhibits the induction of long-term synaptic plasticity in layer 2/3 of the visual cortex at the end of its critical period in rats. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Since inhibitory influence is crucial in the induction of synaptic plasticity, the ef...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00535.2011
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::An in vitro brain stem-spinal cord preparation from an adult urodele (Pleurodeles waltl) was developed in which two fictive rhythmic motor patterns were evoked by bath application of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA; 2.5-10 microM) with D-serine (10 microM). Both motor patterns displayed left-right alternation. The first pa...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1999.82.2.1074
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. We studied the frequency responses of neurons in the nucleus ovoidalis (OV), the principal thalamic auditory relay nucleus of the chicken, in the subthreshold range of membrane potentials. The frequency response is the impedance amplitude profile evident in the voltage response to a broadband stimulus. The stimulus...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1994.71.4.1361
更新日期:1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Horseradish peroxidase- (HRP) filled microelectrodes have been used to examine the anatomy and physiology of "commissural interneurons," a morphologically defined class of spinal cord interneuron in Xenopus laevis embryos. Commissural interneurons have unipolar cell bodies in the dorsal half of the spinal cord. Their ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1984.51.6.1257
更新日期:1984-06-01 00:00:00