Abstract:
:Humans engage in many daily activities that rely on working memory, the ability to hold and sequence information temporarily to accomplish a task. We focus on the process of working memory, based on circuit mechanisms for attending to relevant signals and suppressing irrelevant stimuli. We discuss that connections critically depend on the systematic variation in laminar structure across all cortical systems. Laminar structure is used to group areas into types regardless of their placement in the cortex, ranging from low-type agranular areas that lack layer IV to high-type areas that have six well-delineated layers. Connections vary in laminar distribution and strength based on the difference in type between linked areas, according to the "structural model" (Barbas H, Rempel-Clower N. Cereb Cortex 7: 635-646, 1997). The many possible pathways thus vary systematically by laminar distribution and strength, and they interface with excitatory neurons to select relevant stimuli and with functionally distinct inhibitory neurons that suppress activity at the site of termination. Using prefrontal pathways, we discuss how systematic architectonic variation gives rise to diverse pathways that can be recruited, along with amygdalar and hippocampal pathways that provide sensory, affective, and contextual information. The prefrontal cortex is also connected with thalamic nuclei that receive the output of the basal ganglia and cerebellum, which may facilitate fast sequencing of information. The complement of connections and their interface with distinct inhibitory neurons allows dynamic recruitment of areas and shifts in cortical rhythms to meet rapidly changing demands of sequential components of working memory tasks.
journal_name
J Neurophysioljournal_title
Journal of neurophysiologyauthors
Barbas H,Wang J,Joyce MKP,García-Cabezas MÁdoi
10.1152/jn.00936.2017subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-11-01 00:00:00pages
2659-2678issue
5eissn
0022-3077issn
1522-1598journal_volume
120pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::1. The present study was designed to determine the effects of microstimulation of the medullary reticular formation (MRF) on the locomotor activity of the cat in the absence of phasic afferent feedback from the limbs. To this end, both short (33 ms) and long (200 ms) trains of stimuli (trains of 0.2-ms pulses at 330 H...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1994.71.1.229
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are known to regulate axonal refinement and dendritic branching. However, because NMDARs are abundantly present as tri-heteromers (e.g., NR1/NR2A/NR2B) during development, the precise role of the individual subunits NR2A and NR2B in these processes has not been elucidated. Ventr...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00823.2009
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. We studied the blocking properties of a spider (Nephila clavata) toxin (JSTX) purified from venom on the spiny lobster neuromuscular junction. 2. When a small amount of JSTX was applied to the neuromuscular junction, the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) was partially suppressed. The amplitude of EPSPs remai...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1987.58.2.319
更新日期:1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is well known that, typically, saccadic eye movements precede goal-directed hand movements to a visual target stimulus. Also pointing in general is more accurate when the pointing target is gazed at. In this study, it is hypothesized that saccades are not only preceding pointing but that gaze also is stabilized dur...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2000.83.2.639
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The retinal image of visual objects can vary drastically with changes of viewing angle. Nevertheless, our visual system is capable of recognizing objects fairly invariant of viewing angle. Under natural viewing conditions, different views of the same object tend to occur in temporal proximity, thereby generating tempo...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.90651.2008
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The transmission in the spinal monosynaptic pathway was studied during repetitive stimulation of a motor nerve by 10 stimuli at 2, 5, or 10 Hz in spinal cats. Initially, the amplitudes of the monosynaptic responses rapidly declined, reaching a plateau after a few stimuli. The level of the plateau was inversely rela...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1977.40.1.95
更新日期:1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The lateral geniculate nucleus is the primary thalamic relay for the transfer of retinal signals to the visual cortex. Geniculate cells are heavily innervated from nonretinal sources, and these modify retinogeniculate transmission. A major ascending projection to the lateral geniculate nucleus arises from cholinerg...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1995.73.6.2428
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Regularly discharging vestibular-nerve afferents innervating the semicircular canals were recorded extracellularly in anesthetized chinchillas undergoing high-frequency, high-velocity sinusoidal rotations. In the range from 2 to 20 Hz, with peak velocities of 151 degrees/s at 6 Hz and 52 degrees/s at 20 Hz, 67/70 (96%...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1999.82.4.2000
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Astrocyte-derived lactate supports pathologically enhanced neuronal metabolism, but its role under physiological conditions is still a matter of debate. Here, we determined the contribution of astrocytic neuronal lactate shuttle for maintenance of ion homeostasis and energy metabolism. We tested for the effects of α-c...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00327.2016
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01274.2007
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We propose that the descending command from area 4 that is responsible, in part, for the change in limb trajectory required to step over an obstacle in one's path also plays a role in triggering the anticipatory postural modifications that accompany this movement. To test this hypothesis, we recorded the discharge cha...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1998.80.1.406
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although T-type Ca(2+) channels in the reticular thalamic nucleus (nRT) have a central function in tuning neuronal excitability and are implicated in sensory processing, sleep, and epilepsy, the mechanisms involved in their regulation are poorly understood. Here we recorded T-type Ca(2+) currents from intact nRT neuro...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00926.2006
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In free viewing, the eyes return to previously visited locations rather frequently, even though the attentional and memory-related processes controlling eye-movement show a strong antirefixation bias. To overcome this bias, a special refixation triggering mechanism may have to be recruited. We probed the neural eviden...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00121.2018
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prominent arginine-vasopressin (AVP) binding and AVP V(1) type receptors are expressed early in the developing rat spinal cord. We sought to characterize their influence on neural excitability by using patch-clamp techniques to record AVP-induced responses from a population of motoneurons and interneurons in neonatal ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2001.86.3.1202
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The giant barnacle, Balanus nubilus, has three simple eyes, two lateral and one median. We have studied the convergence of the receptors of these ocelli by recording from the second-order cell (I-cell) and from the receptors' terminals. The I-cell's responses to illumination of the median and lateral eyes are similar ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1986.55.5.882
更新日期:1986-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. During alertness, lemniscal thalamocortical neurons in the ventral medial geniculate body (MGBv) encode sound signals by firing action potentials in a tonic mode. When they are in a burst firing mode, characteristic of thalamic neurons during some sleep states, the same stimuli may have an alerting function, leadin...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1996.76.6.3597
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Whether complex (C) cells are the only truly texture-sensitive units in the cat's primary visual cortex remains controversial. In view of the strong physiological significance of having putatively only one class of cells sensitive to visual noise in the striate cortex, we reinvestigated this issue. Sensitivities of...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1995.74.3.1271
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. To examine the effect of disruption of basal ganglia output on limb stability and movement, muscimol was injected into the internal globus pallidus (GPi) of monkeys trained to make arm movements to visible or remembered targets in a two-dimensional workspace. 2. Injections of as little as 0.25 micrograms muscimol a...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1996.75.3.1087
更新日期:1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. We have studied the responses of neurons in the lateral and descending vestibular nuclei of decerebrate cats to stimulation of neck receptors, produced by rotating the body in vertical planes with the head stationary. The responses to such neck stimulation were compared with the responses to vestibular stimulation ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1988.60.5.1765
更新日期:1988-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::To explore neural mechanisms how olfactory information is processed in the brain and finally converted into behavior, it would be useful to have isolated whole brains that include both olfactory organs and motor output. In the present study, we identified an in vitro index of odor-evoked behavior in the terrestrial mo...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00247.2003
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. A method is described for measuring contractile properties of single human motor units. Conventional human microneurographic techniques were adapted to stimulate individual motor axons in the median nerve, with the use of negative current pulses and a tungsten microelectrode, while recording motor-unit electromyogr...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1990.64.4.1331
更新日期:1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Behavioral performance in detection and discrimination tasks is likely to be limited by the quality and nature of the signals carried by populations of neurons in early sensory cortical areas. Here we used voltage-sensitive dye imaging (VSDI) to directly measure neural population responses in the primary visual cortex...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00698.2007
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The synthesis of information from different sensory modalities in the superior colliculus is an important precursor of attentive and orientation behavior. 2. This integration of multisensory information is critically dependent on inputs from a small area of association cortex, the anterior ectosylvian sulcus. Remov...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1994.71.1.429
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reports of cholecystokinin (CCK) binding and expression of CCK receptors in neonatal rodent spinal cord suggest that CCK may influence neuronal excitability. In patch-clamp recordings from 19/21 ventral horn motoneurons in neonatal (PN 5-12 days) rat spinal cord slices, we noted a slowly rising and prolonged membrane ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00148.2007
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can produce a lasting polarity-specific modulation of cortical excitability in the brain, and it is increasingly used in experimental and clinical settings. Recent studies suggest that the after-effects of tDCS are related to molecular mechanisms of activity-dependent syn...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00319.2011
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Generalization is a fundamental aspect of behavior, allowing for the transfer of knowledge from one context to another. The details of this transfer are thought to reveal how the brain represents what it learns. Generalization has been a central focus in studies of sensorimotor adaptation, and its pattern has been wel...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00974.2016
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent evidence suggests that changes in sodium channel expression and localization may be involved in some pathological pain syndromes. SNS, a tetrodotoxin-resistant (TTX-R) sodium channel, is preferentially expressed in small dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, many of which are nociceptive. TTX-R sodium currents an...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several types of equilibrium point (EP) controllers have been proposed for the control of posture and movement. EP controllers are appealing from a computational perspective because they do not require solving the "inverse dynamic problem" (i.e., computation of the torques required to move a system along a desired tra...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examined the effects of selective inactivation of the cerebellar nuclei in the cat on the control of multijoint trajectories and trajectory adaptation to avoid obstacles. Animals were restrained in a hammock and trained to perform a prehension task in which they reached to grasp a small cube of meat from a ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2000.83.4.1886
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the topography of human cortical activation during an antisaccade task by focal transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). We used a figure-eight shaped coil, with the stimulus intensity set just above the threshold for activation of the hand motor areas but weak enough not to elicit blinks. TMS was deli...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1998.80.2.936
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00