Abstract:
:We investigated the topography of human cortical activation during an antisaccade task by focal transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). We used a figure-eight shaped coil, with the stimulus intensity set just above the threshold for activation of the hand motor areas but weak enough not to elicit blinks. TMS was delivered at various time intervals (80, 100, and 120 ms) after target presentation over various sites on the scalp while the subjects performed the antisaccade task. It was possible to elicit a mild but significant delay in saccade onset over 1) the frontal regions (a region 2-4 cm anterior and 2-4 cm lateral to hand motor area) and 2) posterior parietal regions (6-8 cm posterior and 0-4 cm lateral to hand motor area) regardless of which hemisphere was stimulated. The frontal regions were assumed to correspond to a cortical region including the frontal eye fields (FEFs), whereas the parietal regions were assumed to represent a wide region that includes the posterior parietal cortices (PPCs). The regions inducing the delay shifted from the posterior parietal regions at an earlier interval (80 ms) to the frontal regions at a later interval (100 ms), which suggested an information flow from posterior to anterior cortical regions during the presaccadic period. At 120 ms, the effect of TMS over the frontal regions still persisted but was greatly diminished. Erroneous prosaccades to the presented target were elicited over a wide cortical region including the frontal and posterior parietal regions, which again showed a forward shift with time. However, the distribution of effective regions exhibited a clear contralateral predominance in terms of saccade direction. Our technique provides a useful method not only for detecting the topography of cortical regions active during saccadic eye movement, but also for constructing a physiological map to visualize the temporal evolution of functional activities in the relevant cortical regions.
journal_name
J Neurophysioljournal_title
Journal of neurophysiologyauthors
Terao Y,Fukuda H,Ugawa Y,Hikosaka O,Hanajima R,Furubayashi T,Sakai K,Miyauchi S,Sasaki Y,Kanazawa Idoi
10.1152/jn.1998.80.2.936subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-08-01 00:00:00pages
936-46issue
2eissn
0022-3077issn
1522-1598journal_volume
80pub_type
杂志文章abstract::1. Buffering of glutamate-induced Ca2+ loads in single rat hippocampal neurons grown in primary culture was studied with ratiometric fluorescent Ca2+ indicators. The hypothesis that mitochondria buffer the large Ca2+ loads elicited by glutamate was tested. 2. The relationship between glutamate concentration and the re...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1996.76.3.1611
更新日期:1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Discharges of neurons in the peripheral auditory system contain information about the temporal features of acoustic stimuli. Phase-locking of neurons in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN) is usually reported to be less robust than in auditory nerve (AN) fibers, which provide their major input. In a companion...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1994.71.3.1037
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The goal of this study was to compare the relative effectiveness of intrinsic inhibitory synaptic inputs in different layers of the cat motor cortex. Postsynaptic potentials (PSPs) were evoked in neurons located in the superficial (layer II-III) or deep layers (layer V) by local extracellular stimulation in vitro. ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1995.74.3.1149
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The induction of NMDA-receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) in adult CA1 is contingent on activation of Ca/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII). However, little is known about kinase mediation of LTP in the dentate gyrus. In the present study, the involvement of the kinases CaMKII, PKA, and MAPK i...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01235.2005
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the first visual synapse of the insect compound eye, both the presynaptic and postsynaptic signals are graded, nonspiking changes in membrane voltage. The synapse exhibits tonic transmitter release (even in dark) and strong adaptation to long-lasting light backgrounds, leading to changes also in the dynamics of sig...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2000.83.4.2103
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reaching movements are subject to noise associated with planning and execution, but precisely how these noise sources interact to determine patterns of endpoint variability in three-dimensional space is not well understood. For frontal plane movements, variability is largest along the depth axis (the axis along which ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00495.2011
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Organization of spinal motor output has become of interest for investigating differential activation of lumbar and sacral motor pools during locomotor tasks. Motor pools are associated with functional grouping of motoneurons of the lower limb muscles. Here we examined how the spatiotemporal organization of lumbar and ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00167.2019
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Intracellular and extracellular recordings were obtained from ganglion cells in the rabbit retina. The effect of N-methyl-DL-aspartate (NMDLA) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists were studied with the use of a perfusion method for drug application. 2. NMDLA excited all ganglion cell types and caused a chara...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1990.63.1.16
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Both stretch and release of the ventral superficial muscles (VSM) in the abdomen of the hermit crab, Pagurus pollicarus, activate the VSM motoneurons in the intact animal and in the isolated abdomen. 2. This reflex was studied by recording intracellularly from muscle fibers innervated by single motoneurons during s...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1993.69.6.1904
更新日期:1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationship among neonatal seizures, abnormalities of the electroencephalogram (EEG), brain injury, and long-term neurological outcome (e.g., epilepsy) remains controversial. The effects of hypoxia alone (Ha) and hypoxia-ischemia (HI) were studied in neonatal rats at postnatal day 7; both models generate EEG seiz...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00796.2014
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The structural elements of the nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO-cGMP) signaling pathway have been described in the vestibular peripheral system. However, the functions of NO in the vestibular endorgans are still not clear. We evaluated the action of NO on the Ca(2+) currents in hair cells isolated from ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00849.2006
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. We used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to study the role of plastic changes of the human motor system in the acquisition of new fine motor skills. We mapped the cortical motor areas targeting the contralateral long finger flexor and extensor muscles in subjects learning a one-handed, five-finger exercise o...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1995.74.3.1037
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Perceptual decision making is often modeled as perfect integration of sequential sensory samples until the accumulated total reaches a fixed decision bound. In that view, the buildup of neural activity during perceptual decision making is attributed to temporal integration. However, an alternative explanation is that ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00264.2015
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The question of whether active uptake limits the duration of action of the inhibitory transmitter glycine has been addressed in vivo at inhibitory synapses on the goldfish Mauthner (M) cell. The kinetics of inhibitory postsynaptic potentials and inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) evoked antidromically and by ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1996.75.4.1738
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We developed a variety of 54-channel high-density silicon electrode arrays (polytrodes) designed to record from large numbers of neurons spanning millimeters of brain. In cat visual cortex, it was possible to make simultaneous recordings from >100 well-isolated neurons. Using standard clustering methods, polytrodes pr...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01023.2004
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Brain ischemia causes excess release and accumulation of glutamate that binds to postsynaptic receptors. This opens ionotropic channels that mediate neuronal depolarization and ionic fluxes that can lead to neuronal death. 2. The CA1 pyramidal cell region of the hippocampus is particularly susceptible to this neuro...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1996.76.4.2707
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::During auditory stimulation with several frequency components, distortion products (DPs) are generated as byproduct of nonlinear cochlear amplification. After generated, DP energy is reemitted into the ear channel where it can be measured as DP otoacoustic emission (DPOAE), and it also induces an excitatory response a...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.90805.2008
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated spike-frequency adaptation of neurons sensitive to interaural phase disparities (IPDs) in the inferior colliculus (IC) of urethane-anesthetized guinea pigs using a stimulus paradigm designed to exclude the influence of adaptation below the level of binaural integration. The IPD-step stimulus consists o...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00779.2003
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Noninvasive alternating current stimulation can induce vision restoration in patients with chronic optic nerve damage and results in electroencephalogram (EEG) aftereffects. To better understand the mechanisms of action, we studied such EEG "aftereffects" of transcorneal alternating current stimulation (tACS) at the c...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00341.2012
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. In alpha-chloralose-anesthetized cats the region surrounding the ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL) of the thalamus was investigated to locate foci with input from the urinary bladder stimulated by application of intravesical pressure. The locations of the recording sites were verified in Nissl-stained histologic...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1993.70.2.482
更新日期:1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tinnitus and hyperacusis are common, burdensome sources of morbidity with a high rate of co-occurrence. Knudson et al. (J Neurophysiol 112: 3197-3208, 2014) demonstrated that efferent suppression of cochlear activity by the medial olivocochlear system is enhanced in individuals with tinnitus and/or hyperacusis. Their ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00948.2014
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The buccal ganglia of Aplysia contain a central pattern generator (CPG) that organizes the rhythmic movements of the radula and buccal mass during feeding. Many of the cellular and synaptic elements of this CPG have been identified and characterized. However, the roles that specific cellular and synaptic properties pl...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2002.87.5.2307
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Single-unit activity of the motor cortex (area 4gamma) was studied in cats performing reaching with the contra- versus ipsilateral forelimb. Reaching was initiated by a tone burst (Go cue), different limbs were used in separate blocks of trials. During reaching performed with the contralateral limb, three types of neu...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00720.2003
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Odor responses of neocortical neurons in rabbits under light pentobarbital anesthesia were studied in a restricted area in the lateral half of the prefrontal cortex close to the frontal pole. A preevent cumulative sum chart provided a visual display of the change in unit discharge rate following each odor stimulation,...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1984.52.4.638
更新日期:1984-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Skeletal muscle force can be transmitted to the skeleton, not only via its tendons of origin and insertion but also through connective tissues linking the muscle belly to surrounding structures. Through such epimuscular myofascial connections, length changes of a muscle may cause length changes within an adjacent musc...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00937.2015
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We cloned 10 full-length variants of PIIH, the gene for I(h) from the spiny lobster, Panulirus interruptus, using reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). This gene shows a significant amount of alternative splicing in the S3-S4 and S4-S5 linkers, in the P-loop and the entire S6 ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00246.2007
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Evaluation of confidence about one's knowledge is key to the brain's ability to monitor cognition. To investigate the neural mechanism of confidence assessment, we examined a biologically realistic spiking network model and found that it reproduced salient behavioral observations and single-neuron activity data from a...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00793.2014
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The development of synaptic interconnections between the cerebellum and inferior olive, the sole source of climbing fibers, could contribute to the ontogeny of certain forms of motor learning (e.g., eyeblink conditioning). Purkinje cell complex spikes are produced exclusively by climbing fibers and exhibit short- and ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00481.2003
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Long-term synaptic depression (LTD) of cerebellar parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses is a form of use-dependent synaptic plasticity that may be studied in cell culture. One form of LTD is induced postsynaptically through an mGlu1/Ca influx/protein kinase Cα (PKCα) cascade, and its initial expression requires phosph...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00824.2011
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Visual response properties of neurons in the dorsolateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) have been well described in several species, but not in rats. Analysis of responses from the unanesthetized rat dLGN will be needed to develop quantitative models that account for visual behavior of rats. We recorded visual responses f...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00812.2014
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00