Abstract:
:1. Brain ischemia causes excess release and accumulation of glutamate that binds to postsynaptic receptors. This opens ionotropic channels that mediate neuronal depolarization and ionic fluxes that can lead to neuronal death. 2. The CA1 pyramidal cell region of the hippocampus is particularly susceptible to this neurotoxic process. Brain cell swelling is considered an early excitotoxic event, but remains poorly under stood and documented. As cells swell, light transmittance (LT) increases through brain tissue, so we hypothesized that brief exposure to glutamate agonists would elicit cell swelling that could be imaged in real time in the hippocampal slice. 3. A 1-min bath application of 100 microM N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) or 100 microM kainate at 22 degrees C greatly increased LT, particularly in the dendritic regions of CA1. The response peaked by 2-3 min and slowly reversed over the subsequent 20 min following exposure. Peak LT increases were > 50% in CA1 stratum radiatum and > 20% in both CA1 stratum oriens and the dendritic region of the dentate gyrus, all areas with a high concentration of NMDA and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate (AMPA) receptors. The CA3 stratum radiatum, which contains fewer of these receptors, showed a comparatively small LT increase. 4. The NMDA receptor antagonist 2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate (AP-5) [but not 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX)] blocked the CA1 response to NMDA, whereas the non-NMDA receptor antagonist CNQX (but not AP-5) blocked the response to kainate. The relative tissue resistance measured across CA1 stratum radiatum increased after NMDA or kainate exposure with a time course similar to the LT change described above. The increase in relative tissue resistance was blocked by kynurenate, a nonspecific glutamate antagonist. Increases in both LT and tissue resistance provide two independent lines of evidence that cell swelling rapidly developed in CA1 dendritic areas after activation of NMDA or AMPA receptors. 5. This swelling at 22 degrees C was accompanied by a temporary loss of the evoked CA1 field potential. However, at 37 degrees C the dendritic swelling rapidly progressed to an irreversible LT increase (swelling) of the CA1 cell bodies accompanied by a permanent loss of the evoked field. 6. We propose that dendritic swelling mediated by NMDA and AMPA receptors is an early excitotoxic event that can herald permanent damage to CA1 neurons, those cells most vulnerable to ischemic insult.
journal_name
J Neurophysioljournal_title
Journal of neurophysiologyauthors
Andrew RD,Adams JR,Polischuk TMdoi
10.1152/jn.1996.76.4.2707subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-10-01 00:00:00pages
2707-17issue
4eissn
0022-3077issn
1522-1598journal_volume
76pub_type
杂志文章abstract::1. In alert macaque monkeys, multiunit activity is encountered in an alternating sequence of silent and spontaneously active zones as an electrode is lowered through the striate cortex (V1). 2. Individual neurons that are spontaneously active in the dark usually have a maintained discharge in the light. Because both t...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1995.74.5.2100
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Substance P (SP) hyperpolarizes approximately 80% of ferret vagal sensory neurons (nodose ganglion neurons) via NK-1 receptor-mediated activation of a potassium current (IK). A depolarizing current activated by membrane hyperpolarization could minimize the SP-induced hyperpolarization. Such a current exists in 65% of ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1998.79.2.769
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The buccal ganglia of Aplysia contain a central pattern generator (CPG) that organizes the rhythmic movements of the radula and buccal mass during feeding. Many of the cellular and synaptic elements of this CPG have been identified and characterized. However, the roles that specific cellular and synaptic properties pl...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2002.87.5.2307
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Single-unit activity of the motor cortex (area 4gamma) was studied in cats performing reaching with the contra- versus ipsilateral forelimb. Reaching was initiated by a tone burst (Go cue), different limbs were used in separate blocks of trials. During reaching performed with the contralateral limb, three types of neu...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00720.2003
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Changes to cerebral miRNA expression have been implicated in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD), as miRNAs that regulate the expression of gene products involved in amyloid beta (Aβ) processing, such as BACE1, are dysregulated in those that suffer from AD. Exercise training improves cognition and reduces BACE...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00503.2020
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Silencing-induced homeostatic plasticity is usually expressed as a change in the amplitude or the frequency of miniature postsynaptic currents. Here we report that, prolonged (approximately 24 h) silencing of mature (20-22 days in vitro) cultured hippocampal neurons using the voltage-gated sodium channel blocker tetro...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.90378.2008
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Less than two segments of the cervical spinal cord of the mudpuppy (Necturus maculatus) is sufficient to generate a locomotor rhythm with application of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA). We have recorded intracellularly from rhythmically active interneurons in these segments and classified them according to their ph...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1994.71.6.2025
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adult rats were submitted to a complete spinal cord transection at T9 level to address peripheral and spinal reflex changes in the caudal lumbar segments. Compound muscle and nerve action potentials decreased in amplitude and increased their duration between 14 and 30 days but recovered to near to normal values therea...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01177.2003
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Horizontal cells were enzymatically and mechanically dissociated from the white perch (Roccus americana) retina and voltage clamped using patch electrodes. Steady-state current-voltage (I-V) relationships of solitary horizontal cells were determined by changing the membrane potential in a rampwise fashion. 2. The I...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1988.60.4.1322
更新日期:1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We attempted to analyze the nature of premovement activity of neurons in medial motor areas [supplementary motor area (SMA) and pre-SMA] from a perspective of coding multiple movements. Monkeys were trained to perform a series of two movements with an intervening delay: supination or pronation with either forearm. Mov...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.90636.2008
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The holoplanktonic pteropod mollusk Clione limacina exhibits an active escape behavior that is characterized by fast swimming away from the source of potentially harmful stimuli. The initial phase of escape behavior is a startle response that is controlled by pedal motoneurons whose activity is independent of the norm...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1997.77.1.281
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The operculoinsular cortical region has a major role in the representation of noxious stimuli, based on functional imaging observations, clinical lesion studies, and EEG recordings of specifically pain-related laser-evoked potentials (LEPs) in humans. The source of LEPs has not been identified, and several somatic rep...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00512.2006
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Recurrent inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) to and from motoneurons innervating the flexor digitorum longus (FDL) and flexor hallucis longus (FHL) muscles of the cat were investigated to determine whether recurrent inhibitory projections involving these motoneurons are similar--as would be consistent with ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1990.63.3.395
更新日期:1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The discharge patterns of 359 single neurons in the hand representation of primary somatosensory cortex (SI) of two monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were recorded during the performance of a passive texture discrimination task with the contralateral hand (104 in area 3b, 149 in area 1, and 106 in area 2). Three nyloprint s...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1996.76.5.3382
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The nucleus accumbens (NAcc) is a brain region involved in functions ranging from motivation and reward to feeding and drug addiction. The NAcc is typically divided into two major subdivisions, the shell and the core. The primary output neurons of both of these areas are medium spiny neurons (MSNs), which are quiescen...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00766.2001
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The neurophysiological basis for the sensation of prickle evoked by contact of some fabrics with the skin is reported. 2. Single-unit sensory nerve recordings from the rabbit saphenous nerve were used to identify the receptors responsible for fabric-evoked prickle. These recordings showed that all low-threshold mec...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1988.59.4.1083
更新日期:1988-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. High-voltage-activated Ca2+ currents [ICa(HVA)] were studied in immunolabeled mouse retinal ganglion neurons (RGNs) to elucidate channel-specific components and their developmental changes in vitro. 2. Neurons were dissociated at postnatal day 5. RGNs were selected for electrophysiological measurements by vital lab...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1994.72.5.2542
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. We describe a four-layered neural network (Fig. 1), based on the input organization of a collision signaling neuron in the visual system of the locust, the lobula giant movement detector (LGMD). The 250 photoreceptors ("P" units) in layer 1 are excited by any change in illumination, generated when an image edge pas...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1996.75.3.967
更新日期:1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our perception of the positions of objects in our surroundings is surprisingly unaffected by movements of the eyes, head, and body. This suggests that the brain has a mechanism for maintaining perceptual stability, based either on the spatial relationships among visible objects or internal copies of its own motor comm...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00288.2011
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::To study the possible role of the cerebellum in the vestibular-ocular reflex, extracellular responses of cerebellar nuclear neurons were recorded in awake monkeys during natural vestibular stimulation; 115 neurons in the fastigial nucleus responded to horizontal sinusoidal accelerations applied to the head by means of...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1975.38.3.627
更新日期:1975-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) receptor is involved in peripheral and spinal nociceptive processing and is a therapeutic target for pain. We have shown previously that TRPV1 in the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (VL-PAG) tonically contributes to brain stem descending antinociception by stimula...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.91225.2008
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The torque and electromyographic (EMG) responses to stretch of the first dorsal interosseous muscle (externally imposed joint rotation) were recorded in five normal human subjects. The total measured stiffness was decomposed into three individual stiffness components; passive, intrinsic, and reflex. 2. The passive ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1990.64.1.105
更新日期:1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The experiments described in this report were designed to determine the contribution of vestibulospinal neurons (VSNs) in Deiters' nucleus and of reticulospinal neurons (RSNs) in the medullary reticular formation to the modifications of the walking pattern that are associated with locomotion on an inclined plane. Neur...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2000.84.5.2257
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on non-GABAA receptors were investigated with intracellular recordings in CA1 pyramidal cells of rat hippocampal slices in the presence of antagonists of GABAA receptors (50 microM bicuculline and 50 microM picrotoxin), N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and non-NMDA receptors...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1996.76.1.69
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Receptive fields (RFs) of neurons in the primary somatosensory (SI) cortex were defined before, during, and after electrical stimulation of myelinated fibers in the dorsal cutaneous branch of the ulnar nerve in adult pentobarbital sodium-anesthetized cats. 2. This stimulation resulted in an approximately threefold ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1990.63.5.1213
更新日期:1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The motor pathway responsible for the complex vocalizations of songbirds has been extensively characterized, both in terms of intrinsic and synaptic physiology in vitro and in terms of the spatiotemporal patterns of neural activity in vivo. However, the relationship between the neural architecture of the song motor pa...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01146.2003
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Although it is generally agreed that Ca2+ couples depolarization to the release of neurotransmitters, hypertonic saline and ethanol (ETOH) evoke neurosecretion independent of extracellular Ca2+. One possible explanation is that these agents release Ca2+ from an intracellular store that then stimulates Ca(2+)-depend...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1992.68.4.1229
更新日期:1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Twenty-four slowly adapting type 1 (SA1) and 26 rapidly adapting (RA) cutaneous mechanoreceptive afferents in the rhesus monkey were studied with an array of independently controlled, punctate probes that covered an entire fingerpad. Each afferent had a receptive field (RF) on a single fingerpad and was studied at 73 ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1999.81.6.2701
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Single-unit activity was recorded from 215 neurons in the medial bulbar reticular formation during the masticatory sequence, from intake to deglutition, of 3 kinds of food (cat food pellets, canned fish, and milk) in 8 chronically prepared, unanesthetized, spontaneously respiring cats with their head fixed to a ste...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1988.60.4.1333
更新日期:1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Effects of inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) applied through a patch pipette to Xenopus laevis olfactory receptor cells (ORCs) were studied using the patch-clamp technique in conjunction with calcium imaging with fura-2. 2. InsP3 activated, first, a novel voltage-independent Ca2+ current (ICa) and, second, a non...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1995.73.2.862
更新日期:1995-02-01 00:00:00