Abstract：
:Development of the characteristics of social phobia often requires a diathesis in the form of a temperamental bias. A behavioral profile marked by vigorous motor activity and crying to unfamiliar stimuli at 4 months of age - called high reactivity- is characteristic of about 20% of healthy, Caucasian infants. This pattern predicts shy behavior in preschool children and symptoms of social anxiety at age 7, and, at age 11, a subdued personality and biological features that are consonant with a hypothesis of amygdalar excitability. The biological variables that best characterize the children who had been high-reactive infants are right-hemisphere activity in the electroencephalogram (EEC), a larger evoked potential from the inferior colliculus, higher sympathetic tone in the cardiovascular system, and larger event-related potentials to discrepant stimuli. About a quarter of 11-year-olds who had been high reactives displayed behavioral and biological characteristics that are in theoretical accord with the hypothesis of amygdalar excitability, while only 1 of 20 displayed a profile characterized by features in opposition to their temperament. The evidence points to a modest temperamental contribution to the development of symptoms currently regarded as diagnostic of social phobia.
journal_name
Dialogues Clin Neuroscijournal_title
Dialogues in clinical neuroscienceauthors
Kagan Jsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-09-01 00:00:00pages
287-93issue
3eissn
1294-8322issn
1958-5969journal_volume
4pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Biomarkers have been receiving increasing attention, especially in the field of psychiatry In contrast to the availability of potent therapeutic tools including pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, and biological therapies, unmet needs remain in terms of onset of action, stability of response, and further improvement of th...
journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cognitive symptoms are a core feature of schizophrenia and are related to an unfavorable disease outcome. So far, there are no satisfactory pharmacological approaches to address cognitive symptoms. For some time now, aerobic exercise has been demonstrated in various trials to be a promising candidate for this indicati...
journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.3/aschmitt
更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This review serves as a systematic guide to the genetics of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and further focuses on anxiety-relevant endophenotypes, such as pathological worry fear of uncertainty, and neuroticism. We inspect clinical genetic evidence for the familialityl heritability of GAD and cross-disorder phenot...
journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is well established that individuals with bipolar disorder are differentially affected by substance-related as well as medical disorders (ie, cardiometabolic disorders, respiratory disorders, neurological disorders, and infectious diseases). Emerging evidence indicates that some comorbid conditions (eg, diabetes me...
journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is mounting evidence that recurrent mood disorders - once considered "good prognosis diseases"- are, in fact, often very severe and life-threatening illnesses. Furthermore, although mood disorders have traditionally been conceptualized as neurochemical disorders, there is now evidence from a variety of sources d...
journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:DESPITE THE IMPORTANCE OF NUMEROUS PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS, AT ITS CORE, DRUG ADDICTION INVOLVES A BIOLOGICAL PROCESS: the ability of repeated exposure to a drug of abuse to induce changes in a vulnerable brain that drive the compulsive seeking and taking of drugs, and loss of control over drug use, that define a state o...
journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BPD) patients show a downregulation of GAD67, reelin (RELN), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and other genes expressed in telencephalic GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons. This downregulation is associated with the enrichment of 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcy...
journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Studies over the last decade have transformed our previously simplistic view of microbes, having only a pathogenic role in disease to a more robust understanding that they are critical for maintaining human health. Indeed, our microbiota-the collection of commensal organisms that live in and on each of us-contributes ...
journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite the fact that 50 years have passed since the Nazi regime and the Holocaust the psychic sequelae are far from being overcome. The majority of Holocaust survivors and World War II veterans still list their experiences as the "most significant stressors" of their lives. The literature provides ample evidence that...
journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is clinically important to recognize both bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder (BPD) in patients seeking treatment for depression, and it is important to distinguish between the two. Research considering whether BPD should be considered part of a bipolar spectrum reaches differing conclusions. We re...
journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nosological classification in psychiatry, as it is currently applied, does not facilitate biological and psychopharmacological research.• Syndromal acuity has disappeared. Consequently, it is impossible to determine: (i) vi/hether a particular drug affects a particular symptom configuration; (ii) what exactly the beha...
journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a serious psychiatric disorder that affects approximately 2% of the populations of children and adults. Family aggregation studies have demonstrated that OCD is familial, and results from twin studies demonstrate that the familiality is due in part to genetic factors. Only three ...
journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Psychiatric disorders are complex multifactorial disorders involving chronic alterations in neural circuit structure and function. While genetic factors play a role in the etiology of disorders such as depression, addiction, and schizophrenia, relatively high rates of discordance among identical twins clearly point to...
journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Increased physician prescribing of opioids to treat chronic nonprogressive pain has been accompanied by an increase in opioid addiction. Twin studies of opioid addiction are consistent with an inherited component of risk, approximately 50%. Several genome-wide association study (GWAS) reports indicate that genetic ris...
journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Contemporary biological psychiatry uses experimental animal models to increase our understanding of affective disorder pathogenesis. Modern anxiolytic drug discovery mainly targets specific pathways and molecular determinants within a single phenotypic domain. However, greater understanding of the mechanisms of action...
journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Every human is unique. We differ in our genomes, environment, behavior, disease history, and past and current medical treatment-a complex catalog of differences that often leads to variations in the way each of us responds to a particular therapy. We argue here that true personalization of drug therapies will rely on ...
journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We now appreciate that estrogen is a pleiotropic gonadal steroid that exerts profound effects on the plasticity and cell survival of the adult brain. Over the past century, the life span of women has increased, but the age of the menopause remains constant. This means that women may now live over one third of their li...
journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and sensorimotor disturbances are the principal clinical manifestations of traumatic brain injury (TBI) throughout the early postinjury period. These post-traumatic neuropsychiatric disturbances present substantial challenges to patients, their families, and clinicians providing their...
journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) are particularly frequent as diseases of the nervous system. In the pediatric neurologic presentations of IEMs neurodevelopment is constantly disturbed and in fact, as far as biochemistry is involved, any kind of monogenic disease can become an IEM. Clinical features are very diverse...
journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Accumulating evidence suggests that psychotropic agents such as mood stabilizers, antidepressants, and antipsychotics realize their neurotrophic/neuroprotective effects by activating the mitogen activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-related kinase, PI3-kinase, and wingless/glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) 3 sign...
journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this review, we outline critical molecular processes that have been implicated by discovery of genetic mutations in autism. These mechanisms need to be mapped onto the neurodevelopment step(s) gone awry that may be associated with cause in autism. Molecular mechanisms include: (i) regulation of gene expression; (ii...
journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The relationship between stress and infertility has been debated for years. Women with infertility report elevated levels of anxiety and depression, so it is clear that infertility causes stress. What is less clear, however, is whether or not stress causes infertility. The impact of distress on treatment outcome is di...
journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:As one of the most common neurological disorders, epilepsy has devastating behavioral, social, and occupational consequences and is associated with accumulating brain damage and neurological deficits. Epilepsy comprises a large number of syndromes, which vary greatly with respect to their etiology and clinical feature...
journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We carried out two studies to test the hypothesis that altered central serotonergic function, as assessed by lower prolactin (PRL) response to fenfluramine (D-FEN), is more closely associated with suicidal behavior than a particular psychiatric diagnosis. A D-FEN test was performed in 85 major depressed inpatients, 33...
journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder have a largely unknown pathophysiology and etiology, but they are highly heritable. Although linkage and association studies have identified a series of chromosomal regions likely to contain susceptibility genes, progress in identifying causative genes has been largely disappointing....
journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is increasing knowledge about considerable comorbidity between psychiatric and somatic diseases, questioning whether variations in genes could be predisposing factors for both conditions. With respect to the multiple interactions between brain and body investigations have centered on variants in several candidat...
journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The recognition that there are fundamental biological sex differences that extend beyond those that define sexual behavior and reproductive function has inspired the drive toward inclusion of both sexes in research design. This is supported by an underlying clinical rationale that studying both sexes is necessary to e...
journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Late-life depression (LLD) is a growing public and global health concern with diverse clinical manifestations and etiology. This literature review summarizes neuroimaging findings associated with depression in older adults and treatment-response variability. LLD has been associated with cerebral atrophy, diminished my...
journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An evidence-based review of nonpharmacological treatments for anxiety disorders is presented. The vast majority of the controlled research is devoted to cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and shows its efficiency and effectiveness in all the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) ...
journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Alcohol dependence (alcoholism) is a complex disorder attributed to the interaction of genetic and environmental factors that form a collage of "disease" predisposition, which is not identical for every alcohol-dependent individual. There is considerable evidence to demonstrate that genetic predisposition accounts for...
journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
