Abstract:
:Contemporary biological psychiatry uses experimental animal models to increase our understanding of affective disorder pathogenesis. Modern anxiolytic drug discovery mainly targets specific pathways and molecular determinants within a single phenotypic domain. However, greater understanding of the mechanisms of action is possible through animal models. Primarily developed with rats, animal models in anxiety have been adapted with mixed success for mice, easy-to-use mammals with better genetic possibilities than rats. In this review, we focus on the three most common animal models of anxiety in mice used in the screening of anxiolytics. Both conditioned and unconditioned models are described, in order to represent all types of animal models of anxiety. Behavioral studies require careful attention to variable parameters linked to environment, handling, or paradigms; this is also discussed. Finally, we focus on the consequences of re-exposure to the apparatus. Test-retest procedures can provide new answers, but should be intensively studied in order to revalidate the entire paradigm as an animal model of anxiety. :La psiquiatría biológica actual emplea modelos animales experimentales para aumentar la comprensión acerca de la patogénesis del trastorno afectivo. El descubrimiento de los fármacos ansiolíticos modernos apunta principalmente a vías especificas y determinantes moleculares dentro de un dominio fenotípico único. Sin embargo, es posible una mayor comprensión de los mecanismos de acción a través de los modelos animales. Los modelos animales de ansiedad, inicialmente desarrollados en ratas, han sido adaptados con relativo éxito en ratones, un mamífero fácil de emplear y con mejores posibilidades genéticas que las ratas. Esta revisión se focaliza en los tres modelos animales de ansiedad empleados más comúnmente en ratones, que se utilizan para la evaluación de ansiolíticos. Se describen tanto los modelos condicíonados como los incondicionados con el fin de representar todos los tipos de modelos animales de ansiedad. También se analiza el gran cuidado que se debe poner en los parámetros variables relacionados con el ambiente, la manipulación o el paradigma que tienen los estudios de comportamiento. Por último se centra la atención en las consecuentias de la re-exposición al aparato. Los procedimientos de test-retest pueden proportionar nuevas respuestas, pero deben ser ampliamente estudiados para revalidar todo el paradigma como un modelo animal de ansiedad. :La psychiatrie biologique actuelle utilise les modèles animaux expérimentaux pour mieux comprendre la pathogenèse des troubles affectifs. La recherche moderne sur les anxiolytiques cible principalement les voies spécifiques et les déterminants moléculaires dans un phénotype unique. Les modèles animaux permettent néanmoins de mieux comprendre les mécanismes d'action. D'abord développés chez le rat, les modèles animaux de l'anxiété ont été adaptés avec un succès variable chez la souris, un mammifère facile à utiliser dont les possibilités génétiques sont meilleures que celles du rat. Dans cet article, nous nous intéressons aux trois modèles d'anxiété les plus courants chez la souris, utilisés pour la sélection d'anxiolytiques. Nous décrivons à la fois les modèles conditionnés et non conditionnés afin de représenter tous les types de modèles animaux d'anxiété. Les études de comportement nécessitant une observation soigneuse des paramètres variables liés à l'environnement, aux façons de réagir ou aux modèles, sont aussi analysées. Enfin nous nous intéressons aux conséquences de la ré-exposition au dispositif. Les techniques de fiabilité test-retest peuvent fournir de nouvelles réponses mais doivent être étudiées en profondeur afin de revalider le modèle entier comme modèle animal de l'anxiété.
journal_name
Dialogues Clin Neuroscijournal_title
Dialogues in clinical neuroscienceauthors
Bourin Msubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-09-01 00:00:00pages
295-303issue
3eissn
1294-8322issn
1958-5969journal_volume
17pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Alcohol dependence is a frequent, chronic, relapsing, and incurable disease with enormous societal costs. Thus, alcoholism therapy and research into its outcome are of major importance for public health. The present article will: (i) give a brief overview of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment outcomes of al...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:
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journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The construct of major depressive disorder makes no etiological assumptions about populations with diverse symptom clusters. "Depressed mood" and "loss of interest or pleasure in nearly all activities" are core features of major depressive episode, though a strong case can be made to pay increasing attention to sympto...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has become increasingly clear that males and females differ even more dramatically than we previously thought. Not only do they exhibit differing responses to stress and environmental experience, but they can also respond in opposite directions. In rats, it has been shown that exposure to an acute stressful event c...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We now appreciate that estrogen is a pleiotropic gonadal steroid that exerts profound effects on the plasticity and cell survival of the adult brain. Over the past century, the life span of women has increased, but the age of the menopause remains constant. This means that women may now live over one third of their li...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The first generation of antipsychotic drugs was discovered in the 1960s and 1970s, These agents were effective in treating psychosis, but were accompanied by significant side effects, including severe parkinsonism and akathisia. Second-generation antipsychotics were introduced in the 1990s, These drugs have at least e...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Partial remission from depression, with residual symptoms, is an important problem in depression. This paper reviews the frequency and features of this outcome, and its association with relapse. Residual symptoms occur in many depressed patients after acute treatment. They span the typical symptoms of depression, exce...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.31887/DCNS.2020.22.2/mkorte
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::With his early publications (1910-1913), Karl Jaspers created a comprehensive methodological arsenal for psychiatry, thus laying the foundation for descriptive psychopathology. Following Edmund Husserl, the founder of philosophical phenomenology, Jaspers introduced phenomenology into psychopathology as "static underst...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Depressive disorders are a leading cause of disability worldwide and greatly impact morbidity, health care utilization, and medical costs. Major depression that does not resolve with adequate antidepressant treatment is termed treatment-resistant depression (TRD), There is no universally accepted definition of TRD and...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Increased physician prescribing of opioids to treat chronic nonprogressive pain has been accompanied by an increase in opioid addiction. Twin studies of opioid addiction are consistent with an inherited component of risk, approximately 50%. Several genome-wide association study (GWAS) reports indicate that genetic ris...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may be associated with long-lasting psychological suffering, distressing psychosocial disability, markedly reduced health-related quality of life, and increased morbidity and mortality in a subgroup of individuals in the aftermath of serious traumatic events. Both etiopathogenesis...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The frontoparietal network is critical for our ability to coordinate behavior in a rapid, accurate, and flexible goal-driven manner. In this review, we outline support for the framing of the frontoparietal network as a distinct control network, in part functioning to flexibly interact with and alter other functional b...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a major public health concern. Despite tremendous advances, the pathogenic mechanisms associated with MDD are still unclear. Moreover, a significant number of MDD subjects do not respond to the currently available medication. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small noncoding RNAs tha...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
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journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The insights of ethology-the science of animal behavior from a biological and psychological point of view-were incorporated in the 1950s by the British developmental psychiatrist, John Bowlby, into his attachment theory, which argued that a secure affective base in infancy was critical to the normal development of per...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Psychiatric disorders are complex multifactorial disorders involving chronic alterations in neural circuit structure and function. While genetic factors play a role in the etiology of disorders such as depression, addiction, and schizophrenia, relatively high rates of discordance among identical twins clearly point to...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sleep disorders in children and adolescents is a topic that has been, and remains, neglected in both public health education and professional training. Although much knowledge has been accumulated in recent times, it has been poorly disseminated and, therefore, relatively little is put into practice. Only some general...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00