Animal models for screening anxiolytic-like drugs: a perspective.

Abstract:

:Contemporary biological psychiatry uses experimental animal models to increase our understanding of affective disorder pathogenesis. Modern anxiolytic drug discovery mainly targets specific pathways and molecular determinants within a single phenotypic domain. However, greater understanding of the mechanisms of action is possible through animal models. Primarily developed with rats, animal models in anxiety have been adapted with mixed success for mice, easy-to-use mammals with better genetic possibilities than rats. In this review, we focus on the three most common animal models of anxiety in mice used in the screening of anxiolytics. Both conditioned and unconditioned models are described, in order to represent all types of animal models of anxiety. Behavioral studies require careful attention to variable parameters linked to environment, handling, or paradigms; this is also discussed. Finally, we focus on the consequences of re-exposure to the apparatus. Test-retest procedures can provide new answers, but should be intensively studied in order to revalidate the entire paradigm as an animal model of anxiety. :La psiquiatría biológica actual emplea modelos animales experimentales para aumentar la comprensión acerca de la patogénesis del trastorno afectivo. El descubrimiento de los fármacos ansiolíticos modernos apunta principalmente a vías especificas y determinantes moleculares dentro de un dominio fenotípico único. Sin embargo, es posible una mayor comprensión de los mecanismos de acción a través de los modelos animales. Los modelos animales de ansiedad, inicialmente desarrollados en ratas, han sido adaptados con relativo éxito en ratones, un mamífero fácil de emplear y con mejores posibilidades genéticas que las ratas. Esta revisión se focaliza en los tres modelos animales de ansiedad empleados más comúnmente en ratones, que se utilizan para la evaluación de ansiolíticos. Se describen tanto los modelos condicíonados como los incondicionados con el fin de representar todos los tipos de modelos animales de ansiedad. También se analiza el gran cuidado que se debe poner en los parámetros variables relacionados con el ambiente, la manipulación o el paradigma que tienen los estudios de comportamiento. Por último se centra la atención en las consecuentias de la re-exposición al aparato. Los procedimientos de test-retest pueden proportionar nuevas respuestas, pero deben ser ampliamente estudiados para revalidar todo el paradigma como un modelo animal de ansiedad. :La psychiatrie biologique actuelle utilise les modèles animaux expérimentaux pour mieux comprendre la pathogenèse des troubles affectifs. La recherche moderne sur les anxiolytiques cible principalement les voies spécifiques et les déterminants moléculaires dans un phénotype unique. Les modèles animaux permettent néanmoins de mieux comprendre les mécanismes d'action. D'abord développés chez le rat, les modèles animaux de l'anxiété ont été adaptés avec un succès variable chez la souris, un mammifère facile à utiliser dont les possibilités génétiques sont meilleures que celles du rat. Dans cet article, nous nous intéressons aux trois modèles d'anxiété les plus courants chez la souris, utilisés pour la sélection d'anxiolytiques. Nous décrivons à la fois les modèles conditionnés et non conditionnés afin de représenter tous les types de modèles animaux d'anxiété. Les études de comportement nécessitant une observation soigneuse des paramètres variables liés à l'environnement, aux façons de réagir ou aux modèles, sont aussi analysées. Enfin nous nous intéressons aux conséquences de la ré-exposition au dispositif. Les techniques de fiabilité test-retest peuvent fournir de nouvelles réponses mais doivent être étudiées en profondeur afin de revalider le modèle entier comme modèle animal de l'anxiété.

authors

Bourin M

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2015-09-01 00:00:00

pages

295-303

issue

3

eissn

1294-8322

issn

1958-5969

journal_volume

17

pub_type

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