Abstract:
:We review critical trends in imaging genetics as applied to schizophrenia research, and then discuss some future directions of the field. A plethora of imaging genetics studies have investigated the impact of genetic variation on brain function, since the paradigm of a neuroimaging intermediate phenotype for schizophrenia first emerged. It was initially posited that the effects of schizophrenia susceptibility genes would be more penetrant at the level of biologically based neuroimaging intermediate phenotypes than at the level of a complex and phenotypically heterogeneous psychiatric syndrome. The results of many studies support this assumption, most of which show single genetic variants to be associated with changes in activity of localized brain regions, as determined by select cognitive controlled tasks. From these basic studies, functional neuroimaging analysis of intermediate phenotypes has progressed to more complex and realistic models of brain dysfunction, incorporating models of functional and effective connectivity, including the modalities of psycho-physiological interaction, dynamic causal modeling, and graph theory metrics. The genetic association approaches applied to imaging genetics have also progressed to more sophisticated multivariate effects, including incorporation of two-way and three-way epistatic interactions, and most recently polygenic risk models. Imaging genetics is a unique and powerful strategy for understanding the neural mechanisms of genetic risk for complex CNS disorders at the human brain level. :Se revisan las tendencias más importantes en imágenes y genética aplicadas a la investigación en esquizofrenia y se discuten algunas perspectivas a futuro en este campo. Gran cantidad de estudios de imágenes y genética han investigado el impacto de la variación genética en la función cerebral desde que apareció el paradigma de un fenotipo intermedio de neuroimágenes para la esquizofrenia. Inicialmente se postuló que los efectos de los genes susceptibles para la esquizofrenia tendrían una mayor penetración a nivel de los fenotipos intermedios de neuroimágenes con base biológica que a nivel de un síndrome psiquiátrico complejo y fenotípicamente heterogéneo. Los resultados de muchos estudios apoyan esta hipótesis y la mayoría de ellos muestra variantes genéticas únicas que se asocian con cambios en la actividad de regiones cerebrales localizadas, como se puede determinar a través de la selección de tareas cognitivas controladas. A partir de estos estudios básicos, el análisis de neuroimágenes funcionales de los fenotipos intermedios ha progresado hacia modelos de disfunciones cerebrales más complejos y realistas, incorporando modelos de conectividad funcional y efectiva, que incluyen las modalidades de interacción psicófisiológíca, el modelo causal dinámico y las mediciones de la teoría de losgrafos. Los enfoques de asociación genética aplicados a las imágenes y genética también han progresado hacia efectos multivariados más sofisticados, incluyendo la incorporación de interacciones epistáticas de dos o tres vías, y más recientemente modelos de riesgo poligénico. Las imágenes y genética constituyen una estrategia única y poderosa para la comprensión de los mecanismos neurales de riesgo genético de trastornos complejos del sistema nervioso central a nivel del cerebro humano. :Nous examinons l'évolution déterminante de la neuro-imagerie génétique appliquée a la recherche sur la schizophrénie, puis nous analysons les futures possibilités de ce domaine. Une pléthore d'études associant la neuro-imagerie et la génétique a recherché l'influence de la variation génétique sur la fonction cérébrale, depuis l'émergence initiale d'un paradigme de phénotype intermédiaire de schizophrénie en neuro-imagerie. II a d'abord été postulé que les effets des gènes de susceptibilité a la schizophrénie seraient plus pénétrants au niveau des phénotypes intermédiaires de neuro-imagerie basés sur la biologie, qu'au niveau d'un syndrome psychiatrique complexe et phénotypiquement hétérogène. Les résultats de plusieurs études soutiennent cette hypothèse, la plupart mettant en évidence des variants génétiques uniques associés à des changements de l'activité de régions cérébrales localisées, déterminés par des tâches cognitives contrôlées définies. À partir de ces études fondamentales, l'analyse fonctionnelle de la neuro-imagerie des phénotypes intermédiaires a évolue vers des modèles plus complexes et réels de dysfonction cérébrale, comportant des modèles de connectivite effective et fonctionnelle, comme les modalités d'interaction psychophysiologique, la modélisation causale dynamique et les méthodes théoriques graphiques. Les méthodes d'association génétique appliquées a la neuro-imagerie génétique ont aussi progressé vers des effets multivariés plus sophistiqués, englobant des interactions épistatiques à 2 et 3 voies et plus récemment des modèles de risque polygénique. La neuro-imagerie génétique est une méthode puissante et originale de compréhension des mécanismes neuronaux du risque génétique pour les troubles complexes du SNC chez l'être humain.
journal_name
Dialogues Clin Neuroscijournal_title
Dialogues in clinical neuroscienceauthors
Birnbaum R,Weinberger DRsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-09-01 00:00:00pages
279-89issue
3eissn
1294-8322issn
1958-5969journal_volume
15pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Several structural deviances in the brain in "endogenous psychoses" have been described over the last decades. The enlargement of the lateral ventricles and the subtle structural deficits in temporobasal and orbital frontal structures (hypofrontality) are reasonably well established in the majority of schizophrenic pa...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::As one of the most common neurological disorders, epilepsy has devastating behavioral, social, and occupational consequences and is associated with accumulating brain damage and neurological deficits. Epilepsy comprises a large number of syndromes, which vary greatly with respect to their etiology and clinical feature...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Development of the characteristics of social phobia often requires a diathesis in the form of a temperamental bias. A behavioral profile marked by vigorous motor activity and crying to unfamiliar stimuli at 4 months of age - called high reactivity- is characteristic of about 20% of healthy, Caucasian infants. This pat...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationship between stress and infertility has been debated for years. Women with infertility report elevated levels of anxiety and depression, so it is clear that infertility causes stress. What is less clear, however, is whether or not stress causes infertility. The impact of distress on treatment outcome is di...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.3/aschmitt
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The current clinical use of psychotropic drugs is transnosologically oriented. This is facilitated by the current classification of mental disorders (International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision [ICD-10]) and is perhaps justified if depression and psychosis (taken here as examples) are considered as being c...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) is complex and often involves addressing behavioral changes in addition to the movement disorder. Patients with PD are susceptible to any psychiatric condition seen in the general population; some disorders, such as depression and anxiety, may result from PD-related neuropathologi...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies over the last decade have transformed our previously simplistic view of microbes, having only a pathogenic role in disease to a more robust understanding that they are critical for maintaining human health. Indeed, our microbiota-the collection of commensal organisms that live in and on each of us-contributes ...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alcohol dependence is a frequent, chronic, relapsing, and incurable disease with enormous societal costs. Thus, alcoholism therapy and research into its outcome are of major importance for public health. The present article will: (i) give a brief overview of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment outcomes of al...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::With his early publications (1910-1913), Karl Jaspers created a comprehensive methodological arsenal for psychiatry, thus laying the foundation for descriptive psychopathology. Following Edmund Husserl, the founder of philosophical phenomenology, Jaspers introduced phenomenology into psychopathology as "static underst...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Depressive disorders are a leading cause of disability worldwide and greatly impact morbidity, health care utilization, and medical costs. Major depression that does not resolve with adequate antidepressant treatment is termed treatment-resistant depression (TRD), There is no universally accepted definition of TRD and...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The introduction of biological markers in the clinical management of Alzheimer's disease (AD) will not only improve diagnosis relating to early detection of neuropathology with underlying molecular mechanisms, but also provides tools for the assessment of objective treatment benefits. In this review, we identify a num...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Psychiatric disorders are complex multifactorial disorders involving chronic alterations in neural circuit structure and function. While genetic factors play a role in the etiology of disorders such as depression, addiction, and schizophrenia, relatively high rates of discordance among identical twins clearly point to...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a serious psychiatric disorder that affects approximately 2% of the populations of children and adults. Family aggregation studies have demonstrated that OCD is familial, and results from twin studies demonstrate that the familiality is due in part to genetic factors. Only three ...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Decision making has been extensively studied in the context of economics and from a group perspective, but still little is known on individual decision making. Here we discuss the different cognitive processes involved in decision making and its associated neural substrates. The putative conductors in decision making ...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alcohol dependence (alcoholism) is a complex disorder attributed to the interaction of genetic and environmental factors that form a collage of "disease" predisposition, which is not identical for every alcohol-dependent individual. There is considerable evidence to demonstrate that genetic predisposition accounts for...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Similar to other complex disorders, the etiology of Alzheimer disease is multifactorial and characterized by an interplay of biological and environmental risk and protective factors. Potentially modifiable risk factors have emerged from epidemiological research and strategies to prevent neurodegeneration and dementia ...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hypersomnia, a complaint of excessive daytime sleep or sleepiness, affects 4% to 6% of the population, with an impact on the everyday life of the patient Methodological tools to explore sleep and wakefulness (interview, questionnaires, sleep diary, polysomnography, Multiple Sleep Latency Test, Maintenance of Wakefulne...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The study of molecular clock mechanisms in psychiatric disorders is gaining significant interest due to data suggesting that a misalignment between the endogenous circadian system and the sleep-wake cycle might contribute to the clinical status of patients suffering from a variety of psychiatric disorders. Sleep distu...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patients with cancer and depression experience more physical symptoms, have poorer quality of life, and are more likely to have suicidal thoughts or a desire for hastened death than are cancer patients who are not depressed. Despite the ubiquity of depressive symptoms in cancer patients at the end of life, critical qu...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Anxiety comprises many clinical descriptions and phenotypes. A genetic predisposition to anxiety is undoubted; however, the nature and extent of that contribution is still unclear. Methods for the genetic analysis of such complex disorders is briefly reviewed, followed by a discussion of the comorbidity of anxiety wit...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pharmacogenomic developments hold promise for personalized medicine in psychiatry with adjusted therapeutic doses, predictable responses, reduced adverse drug reactions, early diagnosis, and personal health planning. The prospects are exciting, but at the same time, these new techniques stand faced with important scie...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We now appreciate that estrogen is a pleiotropic gonadal steroid that exerts profound effects on the plasticity and cell survival of the adult brain. Over the past century, the life span of women has increased, but the age of the menopause remains constant. This means that women may now live over one third of their li...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The insights of ethology-the science of animal behavior from a biological and psychological point of view-were incorporated in the 1950s by the British developmental psychiatrist, John Bowlby, into his attachment theory, which argued that a secure affective base in infancy was critical to the normal development of per...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Depression can occur in association with virtually all the other psychiatric and physical diagnoses. Physical illness increases the risk of developing severe depressive illness. There are two broadly different mechanisms. The most obvious has a psychological or cognitive mechanism. Thus, the illness may provide the li...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Illustrating the complexity of the stress response and its multifaceted manifestations is the leading idea of this overview of experimental paradigms used for stress induction in laboratory animals. The description of key features of models based on naturalistic stressors, pharmacological challenges, and genomic manip...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Increased physician prescribing of opioids to treat chronic nonprogressive pain has been accompanied by an increase in opioid addiction. Twin studies of opioid addiction are consistent with an inherited component of risk, approximately 50%. Several genome-wide association study (GWAS) reports indicate that genetic ris...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epidemiological studies show that anxiety disorders are highly prevalent and an important cause of functional impairment; they constitute the most frequent menial disorders in the community. Phobias are the most common with the highest rates for simple phobia and agoraphobia. Panic disorder (PD) and obsessive-compulsi...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Emotional processes are central to behavior, yet their deeply subjective nature has been a challenge for neuroscientific study as well as for psychiatric diagnosis. Here we explore the relationships between subjective feelings and their underlying brain circuits from a computational perspective. We apply recent insigh...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The construct of major depressive disorder makes no etiological assumptions about populations with diverse symptom clusters. "Depressed mood" and "loss of interest or pleasure in nearly all activities" are core features of major depressive episode, though a strong case can be made to pay increasing attention to sympto...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00