Harnessing the microbiota to treat neurological diseases
.

Abstract:

:Studies over the last decade have transformed our previously simplistic view of microbes, having only a pathogenic role in disease to a more robust understanding that they are critical for maintaining human health. Indeed, our microbiota-the collection of commensal organisms that live in and on each of us-contributes to nearly every facet of host physiology, from ontogeny of the immune system to neurological function to metabolism. Although the specific details of these host-microbe interactions are still being elucidated for most diseases, the coupling of clinical samples with animal models of disease have provided key insights. This review provides some general background on the microbiota, highlights a few examples of how the microbiota influences diseases of the central nervous system, and provides a perspective for how these findings may be clinically translatable.
. :Los estudios realizados durante la última década han transformado nuestra visión previamente simplista de los microbios, en que tenían sólo un papel patogénico en la enfermedad, a una comprensión más sólida de que son claves para el mantenimiento de la salud humana. De hecho, nuestra microbiota, la colección de organismos comensales que viven en cada uno de nosotros, contribuye a casi todas las facetas de la fisiología del huésped, desde la ontogenia del sistema inmunitario hasta la función neurológica y el metabolismo. Aunque los detalles específicos de estas interacciones entre el huésped y los microbios aún se están dilucidando en la mayoría de las enfermedades, el pareo de muestras clínicas con modelos animales de enfermedades ha proporcionado información clave. Esta revisión proporciona algunos antecedentes generales sobre la microbiota, destaca algunos ejemplos de cómo ésta influye en las enfermedades del sistema nervioso central y proporciona una perspectiva de cómo estos hallazgos se pueden traducir clínicamente. :Durant la dernière décennie, des études ont transformé notre vue simpliste des microbes, ceux-ci n’ayant par le passé à nos yeux qu’un rôle pathogène dans les maladies, en une compréhension plus exhaustive de leur rôle critique dans le maintien de la bonne santé humaine. En fait, notre microbiote – l’ensemble des organismes commensaux qui vivent en nous et sur nous – contribue à pratiquement toutes les facettes de la physiologie hôte, depuis l’ontogénèse du système immunitaire en passant par les fonctions neurologiques jusqu’au métabolisme. Bien que les détails spécifiques des interactions entre le microbiote et son hôte soient encore à élucider pour la plupart des maladies, les rapprochements d’échantillons cliniques avec des modèles animaux de maladies ont apporté des éclaircissements clés. Cet article présente un exposé général de ce qu’est le microbiote, met en lumière quelques exemples sur la manière dont le microbiote a un impact sur certaines maladies du système nerveux central, et fournit une perspective sur la façon dont ces découvertes pourraient se traduire cliniquement.

authors

Surana NK

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2019-01-01 00:00:00

pages

159-165

issue

2

eissn

1294-8322

issn

1958-5969

journal_volume

21

pub_type

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