Abstract:
:Studies over the last decade have transformed our previously simplistic view of microbes, having only a pathogenic role in disease to a more robust understanding that they are critical for maintaining human health. Indeed, our microbiota-the collection of commensal organisms that live in and on each of us-contributes to nearly every facet of host physiology, from ontogeny of the immune system to neurological function to metabolism. Although the specific details of these host-microbe interactions are still being elucidated for most diseases, the coupling of clinical samples with animal models of disease have provided key insights. This review provides some general background on the microbiota, highlights a few examples of how the microbiota influences diseases of the central nervous system, and provides a perspective for how these findings may be clinically translatable. . :Los estudios realizados durante la última década han transformado nuestra visión previamente simplista de los microbios, en que tenían sólo un papel patogénico en la enfermedad, a una comprensión más sólida de que son claves para el mantenimiento de la salud humana. De hecho, nuestra microbiota, la colección de organismos comensales que viven en cada uno de nosotros, contribuye a casi todas las facetas de la fisiología del huésped, desde la ontogenia del sistema inmunitario hasta la función neurológica y el metabolismo. Aunque los detalles específicos de estas interacciones entre el huésped y los microbios aún se están dilucidando en la mayoría de las enfermedades, el pareo de muestras clínicas con modelos animales de enfermedades ha proporcionado información clave. Esta revisión proporciona algunos antecedentes generales sobre la microbiota, destaca algunos ejemplos de cómo ésta influye en las enfermedades del sistema nervioso central y proporciona una perspectiva de cómo estos hallazgos se pueden traducir clínicamente. :Durant la dernière décennie, des études ont transformé notre vue simpliste des microbes, ceux-ci n’ayant par le passé à nos yeux qu’un rôle pathogène dans les maladies, en une compréhension plus exhaustive de leur rôle critique dans le maintien de la bonne santé humaine. En fait, notre microbiote – l’ensemble des organismes commensaux qui vivent en nous et sur nous – contribue à pratiquement toutes les facettes de la physiologie hôte, depuis l’ontogénèse du système immunitaire en passant par les fonctions neurologiques jusqu’au métabolisme. Bien que les détails spécifiques des interactions entre le microbiote et son hôte soient encore à élucider pour la plupart des maladies, les rapprochements d’échantillons cliniques avec des modèles animaux de maladies ont apporté des éclaircissements clés. Cet article présente un exposé général de ce qu’est le microbiote, met en lumière quelques exemples sur la manière dont le microbiote a un impact sur certaines maladies du système nerveux central, et fournit une perspective sur la façon dont ces découvertes pourraient se traduire cliniquement.
journal_name
Dialogues Clin Neuroscijournal_title
Dialogues in clinical neuroscienceauthors
Surana NKsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-01-01 00:00:00pages
159-165issue
2eissn
1294-8322issn
1958-5969journal_volume
21pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Impairment of cognitive function is the central feature of dementia. Although, clinically, the cognitive deficit most often manifests itself as memory problems, a number of other areas of cognition are affected, and memory is but one of the cognitive skills compromised in dementia. Dementia with Lewy bodies, for examp...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The frontoparietal network is critical for our ability to coordinate behavior in a rapid, accurate, and flexible goal-driven manner. In this review, we outline support for the framing of the frontoparietal network as a distinct control network, in part functioning to flexibly interact with and alter other functional b...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We now appreciate that estrogen is a pleiotropic gonadal steroid that exerts profound effects on the plasticity and cell survival of the adult brain. Over the past century, the life span of women has increased, but the age of the menopause remains constant. This means that women may now live over one third of their li...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sleep disorders in children and adolescents is a topic that has been, and remains, neglected in both public health education and professional training. Although much knowledge has been accumulated in recent times, it has been poorly disseminated and, therefore, relatively little is put into practice. Only some general...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hypersomnia, a complaint of excessive daytime sleep or sleepiness, affects 4% to 6% of the population, with an impact on the everyday life of the patient Methodological tools to explore sleep and wakefulness (interview, questionnaires, sleep diary, polysomnography, Multiple Sleep Latency Test, Maintenance of Wakefulne...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent research has overcome the old paradigms of the brain as an immunologically privileged organ, and of the exclusive role of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides as signal transducers in the central nervous system. Growing evidence suggests that the signal proteins of the immune system - the cytokines - are also in...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a serious psychiatric disorder that affects approximately 2% of the populations of children and adults. Family aggregation studies have demonstrated that OCD is familial, and results from twin studies demonstrate that the familiality is due in part to genetic factors. Only three ...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mental disorders represent a significant public health burden worldwide due to their high prevalence, chronically disabling nature, and substantial impact on quality of life. Despite growing knowledge of the pathological mechanisms that underlie the development of these disorders, a high percentage of patients do not ...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.31887/DCNS.2020.22.3/pfadda
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Time has long been a major topic of study in social science, as in other sciences or in philosophy. Social scientists have tended to focus on collective representations of time, and on the ways in which these representations shape our everyday experiences. This contribution addresses work from such disciplines as anth...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may be associated with long-lasting psychological suffering, distressing psychosocial disability, markedly reduced health-related quality of life, and increased morbidity and mortality in a subgroup of individuals in the aftermath of serious traumatic events. Both etiopathogenesis...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The recognition that there are fundamental biological sex differences that extend beyond those that define sexual behavior and reproductive function has inspired the drive toward inclusion of both sexes in research design. This is supported by an underlying clinical rationale that studying both sexes is necessary to e...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cognitive symptoms are a core feature of schizophrenia and are related to an unfavorable disease outcome. So far, there are no satisfactory pharmacological approaches to address cognitive symptoms. For some time now, aerobic exercise has been demonstrated in various trials to be a promising candidate for this indicati...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.3/aschmitt
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The first generation of antipsychotic drugs was discovered in the 1960s and 1970s, These agents were effective in treating psychosis, but were accompanied by significant side effects, including severe parkinsonism and akathisia. Second-generation antipsychotics were introduced in the 1990s, These drugs have at least e...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Anxiety comprises many clinical descriptions and phenotypes. A genetic predisposition to anxiety is undoubted; however, the nature and extent of that contribution is still unclear. Methods for the genetic analysis of such complex disorders is briefly reviewed, followed by a discussion of the comorbidity of anxiety wit...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::As one of the most common neurological disorders, epilepsy has devastating behavioral, social, and occupational consequences and is associated with accumulating brain damage and neurological deficits. Epilepsy comprises a large number of syndromes, which vary greatly with respect to their etiology and clinical feature...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is mounting evidence that recurrent mood disorders - once considered "good prognosis diseases"- are, in fact, often very severe and life-threatening illnesses. Furthermore, although mood disorders have traditionally been conceptualized as neurochemical disorders, there is now evidence from a variety of sources d...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The validity of diagnostic definitions in psychiatry is directly related to the extent to which their etiology can be specified. However, since detailed knowledge of causal or susceptibility factors is lacking for most psychiatric disorders with a known or suspected familial-genetic origin, the current widely accepted...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This review serves as a systematic guide to the genetics of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and further focuses on anxiety-relevant endophenotypes, such as pathological worry fear of uncertainty, and neuroticism. We inspect clinical genetic evidence for the familialityl heritability of GAD and cross-disorder phenot...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Accumulating evidence suggests that psychotropic agents such as mood stabilizers, antidepressants, and antipsychotics realize their neurotrophic/neuroprotective effects by activating the mitogen activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-related kinase, PI3-kinase, and wingless/glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) 3 sign...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pharmacogenomic developments hold promise for personalized medicine in psychiatry with adjusted therapeutic doses, predictable responses, reduced adverse drug reactions, early diagnosis, and personal health planning. The prospects are exciting, but at the same time, these new techniques stand faced with important scie...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We review critical trends in imaging genetics as applied to schizophrenia research, and then discuss some future directions of the field. A plethora of imaging genetics studies have investigated the impact of genetic variation on brain function, since the paradigm of a neuroimaging intermediate phenotype for schizophr...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The introduction of biological markers in the clinical management of Alzheimer's disease (AD) will not only improve diagnosis relating to early detection of neuropathology with underlying molecular mechanisms, but also provides tools for the assessment of objective treatment benefits. In this review, we identify a num...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Biomarkers have been receiving increasing attention, especially in the field of psychiatry In contrast to the availability of potent therapeutic tools including pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, and biological therapies, unmet needs remain in terms of onset of action, stability of response, and further improvement of th...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alcohol dependence (alcoholism) is a complex disorder attributed to the interaction of genetic and environmental factors that form a collage of "disease" predisposition, which is not identical for every alcohol-dependent individual. There is considerable evidence to demonstrate that genetic predisposition accounts for...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Schizophrenia is still a condition with obscure causes and psychopathology. This paper aims to discuss the "disconnectivity" hypothesis in relation to some neurological conditions which are known to alter brain connectivity, as well as mimicking some aspects of the disorder. After a short historical introduction to th...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Over the last few years, neuroimaging techniques have contributed greatly to the identification of the structural and functional neuroanatomy of anxiety disorders. The amygdala seems to be a crucial structure for fear and anxiety, and has consistently been found to be activated in anxiety-provoking situations. Apart f...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite pharmacologic advances, the treatment of schizophrenia remains a challenge, and suboptimal outcomes are still all too frequent. Although treatment goals of response, remission, and recovery have been defined more uniformly, a good "effectiveness" measure mapping onto functional outcomes is still lacking. Moreo...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The construct of major depressive disorder makes no etiological assumptions about populations with diverse symptom clusters. "Depressed mood" and "loss of interest or pleasure in nearly all activities" are core features of major depressive episode, though a strong case can be made to pay increasing attention to sympto...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is timely to consider the ethical and social questions raised by progress in pharmacogenomics, based on the current importance of pharmacogenomics for avoidance of predictable side effects of drugs, and for correct choice of medications in certain cancers. It has been proposed that the entire population be genotype...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is well established that individuals with bipolar disorder are differentially affected by substance-related as well as medical disorders (ie, cardiometabolic disorders, respiratory disorders, neurological disorders, and infectious diseases). Emerging evidence indicates that some comorbid conditions (eg, diabetes me...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00