Abstract：
:Accumulating evidence suggests that psychotropic agents such as mood stabilizers, antidepressants, and antipsychotics realize their neurotrophic/neuroprotective effects by activating the mitogen activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-related kinase, PI3-kinase, and wingless/glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) 3 signaling pathways. These agents also upregulate the expression of trophic/protective molecules such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor, B-cell lymphoma 2, serine-threonine kinase, and Bcl-2 associated athanogene 1, and inactivate proapoptotic molecules such as GSK-3. They also promote neurogenesis and are protective in models of neurodegenerative diseases and ischemia. Most if not all, of this evidence was collected from animal studies that used clinically relevant treatment regimens. Furthermore, human imaging studies have found that these agents increase the volume and density of brain tissue, as well as levels of N-acetyl aspartate and glutamate in selected brain regions. Taken together, these data suggest that the neurotrophic/neuroprotective effects of these agents have broad therapeutic potential in the treatment; not only of mood disorders and schizophrenia, but also neurodegenerative diseases and ischemia.
journal_name
Dialogues Clin Neuroscijournal_title
Dialogues in clinical neuroscienceauthors
Hunsberger J,Austin DR,Henter ID,Chen Gsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-01-01 00:00:00pages
333-48issue
3eissn
1294-8322issn
1958-5969journal_volume
11pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Biomarkers have been receiving increasing attention, especially in the field of psychiatry In contrast to the availability of potent therapeutic tools including pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, and biological therapies, unmet needs remain in terms of onset of action, stability of response, and further improvement of th...
journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is timely to consider the ethical and social questions raised by progress in pharmacogenomics, based on the current importance of pharmacogenomics for avoidance of predictable side effects of drugs, and for correct choice of medications in certain cancers. It has been proposed that the entire population be genotype...
journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:As one of the most common neurological disorders, epilepsy has devastating behavioral, social, and occupational consequences and is associated with accumulating brain damage and neurological deficits. Epilepsy comprises a large number of syndromes, which vary greatly with respect to their etiology and clinical feature...
journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:With his early publications (1910-1913), Karl Jaspers created a comprehensive methodological arsenal for psychiatry, thus laying the foundation for descriptive psychopathology. Following Edmund Husserl, the founder of philosophical phenomenology, Jaspers introduced phenomenology into psychopathology as "static underst...
journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The recognition that there are fundamental biological sex differences that extend beyond those that define sexual behavior and reproductive function has inspired the drive toward inclusion of both sexes in research design. This is supported by an underlying clinical rationale that studying both sexes is necessary to e...
journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Brain plasticity is an intrinsic characteristic of the nervous system that allows continuous remodeling of brain functions in pathophysiological conditions. Although normal aging is associated with morphological modifications and decline of cerebral functions, brain plasticity is at least partially preserved in elderl...
journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This review serves as a systematic guide to the genetics of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and further focuses on anxiety-relevant endophenotypes, such as pathological worry fear of uncertainty, and neuroticism. We inspect clinical genetic evidence for the familialityl heritability of GAD and cross-disorder phenot...
journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It has become increasingly clear that males and females differ even more dramatically than we previously thought. Not only do they exhibit differing responses to stress and environmental experience, but they can also respond in opposite directions. In rats, it has been shown that exposure to an acute stressful event c...
journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Late-life depression (LLD) is a growing public and global health concern with diverse clinical manifestations and etiology. This literature review summarizes neuroimaging findings associated with depression in older adults and treatment-response variability. LLD has been associated with cerebral atrophy, diminished my...
journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Alcohol dependence is a frequent, chronic, relapsing, and incurable disease with enormous societal costs. Thus, alcoholism therapy and research into its outcome are of major importance for public health. The present article will: (i) give a brief overview of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment outcomes of al...
journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Wider use of pharmacological models would facilitate the development of new drugs for Alzheimer's disease (AD), The two main models currently used are based on the cholinergic and glutamatergic hypotheses of AD, Although they lead to some of the attention and memory impairment observed in AD, they do not fully reprodu...
journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The relationship between stress and infertility has been debated for years. Women with infertility report elevated levels of anxiety and depression, so it is clear that infertility causes stress. What is less clear, however, is whether or not stress causes infertility. The impact of distress on treatment outcome is di...
journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In 2003, we proposed the hypersystemizing theory of autism. The theory proposes that the human mind possesses a systemizing mechanism (SM) that helps identify lawful regularities (often causal) that govern the input-operation-output workings of a system. The SM can be tuned to different levels, from low to high, with ...
journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The links between late-life depression and the medical comorbidities that are often associated with it can be divided into two paths. The path from medical illness to depression reflects general mechanisms related to stress, disability, and loss, as well as more specific physiological mechanisms, including those relat...
journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study was conducted in order to investigate the relationships between central noradrenergic (NA) and serotonergic (5-HT) function and clinical characteristics of a major depressive episode according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition. We measured growth hormone res...
journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Studies over the last decade have transformed our previously simplistic view of microbes, having only a pathogenic role in disease to a more robust understanding that they are critical for maintaining human health. Indeed, our microbiota-the collection of commensal organisms that live in and on each of us-contributes ...
journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BPD) patients show a downregulation of GAD67, reelin (RELN), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and other genes expressed in telencephalic GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons. This downregulation is associated with the enrichment of 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcy...
journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Patients with cancer and depression experience more physical symptoms, have poorer quality of life, and are more likely to have suicidal thoughts or a desire for hastened death than are cancer patients who are not depressed. Despite the ubiquity of depressive symptoms in cancer patients at the end of life, critical qu...
journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nosological classification in psychiatry, as it is currently applied, does not facilitate biological and psychopharmacological research.• Syndromal acuity has disappeared. Consequently, it is impossible to determine: (i) vi/hether a particular drug affects a particular symptom configuration; (ii) what exactly the beha...
journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Increased physician prescribing of opioids to treat chronic nonprogressive pain has been accompanied by an increase in opioid addiction. Twin studies of opioid addiction are consistent with an inherited component of risk, approximately 50%. Several genome-wide association study (GWAS) reports indicate that genetic ris...
journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cognitive symptoms are a core feature of schizophrenia and are related to an unfavorable disease outcome. So far, there are no satisfactory pharmacological approaches to address cognitive symptoms. For some time now, aerobic exercise has been demonstrated in various trials to be a promising candidate for this indicati...
journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.3/aschmitt
更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is increasing knowledge about considerable comorbidity between psychiatric and somatic diseases, questioning whether variations in genes could be predisposing factors for both conditions. With respect to the multiple interactions between brain and body investigations have centered on variants in several candidat...
journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is clinically important to recognize both bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder (BPD) in patients seeking treatment for depression, and it is important to distinguish between the two. Research considering whether BPD should be considered part of a bipolar spectrum reaches differing conclusions. We re...
journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Partial remission from depression, with residual symptoms, is an important problem in depression. This paper reviews the frequency and features of this outcome, and its association with relapse. Residual symptoms occur in many depressed patients after acute treatment. They span the typical symptoms of depression, exce...
journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Decision making has been extensively studied in the context of economics and from a group perspective, but still little is known on individual decision making. Here we discuss the different cognitive processes involved in decision making and its associated neural substrates. The putative conductors in decision making ...
journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We now appreciate that estrogen is a pleiotropic gonadal steroid that exerts profound effects on the plasticity and cell survival of the adult brain. Over the past century, the life span of women has increased, but the age of the menopause remains constant. This means that women may now live over one third of their li...
journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Technology in genetics and brain imaging has advanced so rapidly that it is difficult to be knowledgeable about all the new tools being used in the pursuit of progress toward understanding and treating mental illness. While findings from new studies remain promising, caution is needed with regard to their current appl...
journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 社论
doi：
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We review critical trends in imaging genetics as applied to schizophrenia research, and then discuss some future directions of the field. A plethora of imaging genetics studies have investigated the impact of genetic variation on brain function, since the paradigm of a neuroimaging intermediate phenotype for schizophr...
journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder have a largely unknown pathophysiology and etiology, but they are highly heritable. Although linkage and association studies have identified a series of chromosomal regions likely to contain susceptibility genes, progress in identifying causative genes has been largely disappointing....
journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Time has long been a major topic of study in social science, as in other sciences or in philosophy. Social scientists have tended to focus on collective representations of time, and on the ways in which these representations shape our everyday experiences. This contribution addresses work from such disciplines as anth...
journal_title：Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
