Genetics of generalized anxiety disorder and related traits.

Abstract:

:This review serves as a systematic guide to the genetics of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and further focuses on anxiety-relevant endophenotypes, such as pathological worry fear of uncertainty, and neuroticism. We inspect clinical genetic evidence for the familialityl heritability of GAD and cross-disorder phenotypes based on family and twin studies. Recent advances of linkage studies, genome-wide association studies, and candidate gene studies (eg, 5-HTT, 5-HT1A, MAOA, BDNF) are outlined. Functional and structural neuroimaging and neurophysiological readouts relating to peripheral stress markers and psychophysiology are further integrated, building a multilevel disease framework. We explore etiologic factors in gene-environment interaction approaches investigating childhood trauma, environmental adversity, and stressful life events in relation to selected candidate genes (5-HTT, NPSR1, COMT, MAOA, CRHR1, RGS2), Additionally, the pharmacogenetics of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor/serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor treatment are summarized (5-HTT, 5-HT2A, COMT, CRHR1). Finally, GAD and trait anxiety research challenges and perspectives in the field of genetics, including epigenetics, are discussed. :Esta revisión propone una orientación sistemática para la genética del trastorno de ansiedad generalizada (TAG) y además se enfoca en los endofenotipos relevantes para la ansiedad, como las preocupaciones patológicas, el temor por la incertidumbre y el neuroticismo. Se revisan las evidencias clínico genéticas del carácter familiar/hereditario del TAG y los fenotipos de los trastornos cruzados en base a estudios familiares y de gemelos. Hay avances recientes de estudios de ligamiento, estudios de asociaciones de todo el genoma y de genes candidatos (por ejemplo, 5-HTT, 5-HT1A, MAOA, BDNF) que se han integrado en el contexto de neuroimágenes funcionales y estructurales, y de lecturas neurofisiológicas relacionadas con marcadores periféricos de estrés y psicofisiológicos. Los efectos del trauma infantil, la adversidad ambiental y los acontecimientos de vida estresantes son explorados desde la perspectiva de la interacción genes-ambiente (5-HTT, NPSR1, COMT, MAOA, CRHR1, RGS2). Además se resume la farmacogenética del tratamiento con ISRS y ISRN (5-HTT, 5-HT2A, COMT, CRHR1). Por último, se discuten los problemas y las perspectivas de la investigación en el campo de la genética, incluyendo la epigenética, del TAG y de los rasgos de ansiedad. :Cet article, qui se propose comme recommandation systématique pour la génétique des troubles anxieux généralisés (TAG), se concentre ensuite sur les endophénotypes pertinents pour l'anxiété, comme les craintes pathologiques, la peur de l'inconnu et le neuroticisme. Nous analysons les données génétiques cliniques, basées sur des études familiales ou de jumeaux, montrant le caractère familial/héréditaire des TAG et des phénotypes d'anxiété présents dans d'autres troubles. Les progrès récents des études de couplage, d'association pangénomique et de gènes candidats (par ex. 5-HTT, 5-HT1A, MAOA, BDNF) sont soulignés dans le contexte de la neuro-imagerie fonctionnelle et structurale et des lectures neurophysiologiques liées aux marqueurs de stress périphériques et à la psychophysiologie. Les traumatismes subis pendant l'enfance, l'adversité environnementale, et les événements stressants de la vie sont étudiés à l'aide d'approches d'interaction gène-environnement (5-HTT, NPSR1, COMT, MAOA, CRHR1, RGS2). De plus, nous résumons la pharmacogénétique des traitements inhibiteurs sélectifs de la recapture de la sérotonine/ inhibiteurs de la recapture de la sérotonine et de la noradrénaline (5-HTT, 5-HT2A, COMT, CRHR1). Enfin, nous analysons les problèmes et les perspectives de recherche dans le domaine de la génétique, y compris de l'épigénétique, du TAG et du caractère anxieux.

authors

Gottschalk MG,Domschke K

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2017-06-01 00:00:00

pages

159-168

issue

2

eissn

1294-8322

issn

1958-5969

journal_volume

19

pub_type

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