Epigenetic signaling in psychiatric disorders: stress and depression.

Abstract:

:Psychiatric disorders are complex multifactorial disorders involving chronic alterations in neural circuit structure and function. While genetic factors play a role in the etiology of disorders such as depression, addiction, and schizophrenia, relatively high rates of discordance among identical twins clearly point to the importance of additional factors. Environmental factors, such as stress, play a major role in the psychiatric disorders by inducing stable changes in gene expression, neural circuit function, and ultimately behavior. Insults at the developmental stage and in adulthood appear to induce distinct maladaptations. Increasing evidence indicates that these sustained abnormalities are maintained by epigenetic modifications in specific brain regions. Indeed, transcriptional dysregulation and associated aberrant epigenetic regulation is a unifying theme in psychiatric disorders. Aspects of depression can be modeled in animals by inducing disease-like states through environmental manipulations, and these studies can provide a more general understanding of epigenetic mechanisms in psychiatric disorders. Understanding how environmental factors recruit the epigenetic machinery in animal models is providing new insights into disease mechanisms in humans. :Los trastornos psíquíátricos son complejas enfermedades multífactoriales que íncluyen alteracíones crónicas en la estructura y funcíón de los círcuitos neurales. Aunque los factores genéticos juegan un papel en la etíología de trastornos como la depresíón, las adicciones y la esquizofrenia, las frecuencías relativamente altas de díscordancia entre gemelos ídéntícos apuntan claramente a la importancia de otros factores. Los factores ambientales, como el estrés, juegan un ímportante papel en los trastornos psíquíátricos al inducír cambíos estables en la expresíón géníca, en la funcíón de los circuítos neurales y fínalmente en la conducta. Lesíones en la etapa del desarrollo y en la adultez parece que inducen dístíntas malas adaptacíones. Hay creciente evídencía que índica que estas persistentes anormalídades se mantienen por modíficacíones epigenétícas en regiones cerebrales específicas. Ciertamente, la falta de regulacíón en la transcrípcíón y la regulacíón epígenética aberrante asociada son temas comunes en los trastornos psíquíátricos. Algunos aspectos de la depresíón se pueden modelar en anímales al inducir estados que simulan la enfermedad mediante manipulaciones ambientales; y estos estudios pueden aportar una comprensión más general de los mecanismos epígeneticos en los trastornos psíquíátricos. La comprensíón de cómo los factores ambientales reclutan la maquínaría epigenética en los modelos animales está aportando nuevas perspectivas en los mecanísmos del enfermar en humanos. :Les troubles psychiatriques sont complexes et multifactoriels et ils sont associés à des modifications chroniques dans la structure et la fonction des circuits neuronaux. Les facteurs génétiques jouent un rôle dans l'étiologie des troubles comme la dépression, l'addiction et la schizophrénie, mais des taux relativement élevés de discordance parmi les vrais jumeaux indiquent clairement l'importance de facteurs supplémentaires. Des facteurs environnementaux, comme le stress, jouent un rôle majeur dans les troubles psychiatriques en provoquant des modifications stables de l'expression des gènes, de la fonction des circuits neuronaux et enfin du comportement. Des lésions au cours du développement ou à l'âge adulte peuvent entraîner des inadaptations particulières. Selon des données de plus en plus nombreuses, ces anomalies prolongées sont maintenues par des modifications épigénétiques dans des régions cérébrales spécifiques. En effet, la dysrégulation transcriptionnelle et la régulation épigénétique aberrante associée sont un thème commun des troubles psychiatriques. Certains aspects de la dépression peuvent être modélisés chez les animaux en induisant des états mimant la maladie grâce à des manipulations environnementales. Ces études permettent une compréhension plus générale des mécanismes épigénétiques dans les troubles psychiatriques. Connaître la façon dont les facteurs environnementaux recrutent la machinerie épigénétique dans les modèles animaux apporte une nouvelle perspective des mécanismes pathologiques chez l'homme.

authors

Bagot RC,Labonté B,Peña CJ,Nestler EJ

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2014-09-01 00:00:00

pages

281-95

issue

3

eissn

1294-8322

issn

1958-5969

journal_volume

16

pub_type

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