Abstract:
:In 2003, we proposed the hypersystemizing theory of autism. The theory proposes that the human mind possesses a systemizing mechanism (SM) that helps identify lawful regularities (often causal) that govern the input-operation-output workings of a system. The SM can be tuned to different levels, from low to high, with a normal distribution of individual differences in how strongly people search for such input-operation-out-put regularities in any data that is systemizable. Evidence suggests that people with autism are on average hypersystemizers, scoring higher than average on the systemizing quotient and on performance tests of systemizing. In this article, we consider the neural basis behind the SM, since there has been little consideration of the brain basis of systemizing. Finally, we discuss directions for future work in this field. : En el año 2003 propusimos la teoría de la hipersistematización en el autismo. Esta teoría postula que la mente humana posee un mecanismo de sistematización (MS) que ayuda a identificar las reglas (a menudo causales) que gobiernan la entrada-operación-salida del funcionamiento de un sistema. El MS se puede ajustar a diferentes niveles, desde abajo hacia arriba, con una distribución normal de las diferencias individuales en la fuerza con la que las personas buscan tales reglas de entrada-operación-salida para cualquier dato que sea sistematizable. La evidencia sugiere que las personas con autismo son, en general, hipersistematizadoras, y que obtienen puntajes mayores que el promedio tanto para el cuociente de sistematización como para las pruebas de sistematización. En este artículo, se consideran las bases neurales más allá del MS, ya que ha existido poca atención para las bases cerebrales de la sistematización. Finalmente se discuten las directrices del trabajo a futuro en este campo. : Nous avons proposé en 2003 la théorie de l'hypersystématisation dans l'autisme, qui propose que la pensée humaine possède un mécanisme systématisant (MS) permettant d'identifier les règles (souvent causales) qui sous-tendent le fonctionnement « donnée - opération - résultat » d'un système. Le MS peut être réglé à différents niveaux, de bas à élevé, avec une distribution normale des différences individuelles relatives à l'intensité de la recherche de telles règles concernant le fonctionnement donnée - opération - résultat pour toute donnée systématisable. Les données suggèrent que les autistes sont en général hypersystématiseurs, leurs scores au quotient de systématisation et aux tests de performance de systématisation étant plus élevés que la moyenne. Nous analysons dans cet article les fondements neuronaux du MS, les bases cérébrales de la systématisation ayant été peu prises en compte. Enfin nous évoquons les directions de travail à venir dans ce domaine.
journal_name
Dialogues Clin Neuroscijournal_title
Dialogues in clinical neuroscienceauthors
Baron-Cohen S,Lombardo MVsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-12-01 00:00:00pages
345-353issue
4eissn
1294-8322issn
1958-5969journal_volume
19pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The recognition that there are fundamental biological sex differences that extend beyond those that define sexual behavior and reproductive function has inspired the drive toward inclusion of both sexes in research design. This is supported by an underlying clinical rationale that studying both sexes is necessary to e...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Schizophrenia is still a condition with obscure causes and psychopathology. This paper aims to discuss the "disconnectivity" hypothesis in relation to some neurological conditions which are known to alter brain connectivity, as well as mimicking some aspects of the disorder. After a short historical introduction to th...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
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abstract::Similar to other complex disorders, the etiology of Alzheimer disease is multifactorial and characterized by an interplay of biological and environmental risk and protective factors. Potentially modifiable risk factors have emerged from epidemiological research and strategies to prevent neurodegeneration and dementia ...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::With his early publications (1910-1913), Karl Jaspers created a comprehensive methodological arsenal for psychiatry, thus laying the foundation for descriptive psychopathology. Following Edmund Husserl, the founder of philosophical phenomenology, Jaspers introduced phenomenology into psychopathology as "static underst...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The current clinical use of psychotropic drugs is transnosologically oriented. This is facilitated by the current classification of mental disorders (International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision [ICD-10]) and is perhaps justified if depression and psychosis (taken here as examples) are considered as being c...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::As one of the most common neurological disorders, epilepsy has devastating behavioral, social, and occupational consequences and is associated with accumulating brain damage and neurological deficits. Epilepsy comprises a large number of syndromes, which vary greatly with respect to their etiology and clinical feature...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This review serves as a systematic guide to the genetics of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and further focuses on anxiety-relevant endophenotypes, such as pathological worry fear of uncertainty, and neuroticism. We inspect clinical genetic evidence for the familialityl heritability of GAD and cross-disorder phenot...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sleep disorders in children and adolescents is a topic that has been, and remains, neglected in both public health education and professional training. Although much knowledge has been accumulated in recent times, it has been poorly disseminated and, therefore, relatively little is put into practice. Only some general...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Depression can occur in association with virtually all the other psychiatric and physical diagnoses. Physical illness increases the risk of developing severe depressive illness. There are two broadly different mechanisms. The most obvious has a psychological or cognitive mechanism. Thus, the illness may provide the li...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A wide range of Internet interventions, mostly grounded in methods of cognitive behavioral therapy, have been developed and tested for several mental disorders. The evidence to date shows that these interventions are effective in reducing symptoms of depression. Metaanalyses report small-to-medium effect sizes when In...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The traditional categorical classification system and new diagnostic systems will be discussed in this issue. . :Mettre la traduction ES. :Mettre la traduction FR. ...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.31887/DCNS.2020.22.1/fthibaut
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is increasing knowledge about considerable comorbidity between psychiatric and somatic diseases, questioning whether variations in genes could be predisposing factors for both conditions. With respect to the multiple interactions between brain and body investigations have centered on variants in several candidat...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::An evidence-based review of nonpharmacological treatments for anxiety disorders is presented. The vast majority of the controlled research is devoted to cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and shows its efficiency and effectiveness in all the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) ...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent years have seen an explosive growth of interest in the application of imaging genetics to understand neurogenetic mechanisms of schizophrenia. Imaging genetics applies structural and functional neuroimaging to study subjects carrying genetic risk variants that relate to a psychiatric disorder. We review selecte...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alcohol dependence is a frequent, chronic, relapsing, and incurable disease with enormous societal costs. Thus, alcoholism therapy and research into its outcome are of major importance for public health. The present article will: (i) give a brief overview of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment outcomes of al...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pharmacogenomic developments hold promise for personalized medicine in psychiatry with adjusted therapeutic doses, predictable responses, reduced adverse drug reactions, early diagnosis, and personal health planning. The prospects are exciting, but at the same time, these new techniques stand faced with important scie...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several structural deviances in the brain in "endogenous psychoses" have been described over the last decades. The enlargement of the lateral ventricles and the subtle structural deficits in temporobasal and orbital frontal structures (hypofrontality) are reasonably well established in the majority of schizophrenic pa...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The insights of ethology-the science of animal behavior from a biological and psychological point of view-were incorporated in the 1950s by the British developmental psychiatrist, John Bowlby, into his attachment theory, which argued that a secure affective base in infancy was critical to the normal development of per...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We review critical trends in imaging genetics as applied to schizophrenia research, and then discuss some future directions of the field. A plethora of imaging genetics studies have investigated the impact of genetic variation on brain function, since the paradigm of a neuroimaging intermediate phenotype for schizophr...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The study of molecular clock mechanisms in psychiatric disorders is gaining significant interest due to data suggesting that a misalignment between the endogenous circadian system and the sleep-wake cycle might contribute to the clinical status of patients suffering from a variety of psychiatric disorders. Sleep distu...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Decision making has been extensively studied in the context of economics and from a group perspective, but still little is known on individual decision making. Here we discuss the different cognitive processes involved in decision making and its associated neural substrates. The putative conductors in decision making ...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Losing a loved to suicide is one is one of life's most painful experiences. The feelings of loss, sadness, and loneliness experienced after any death of a loved one are often magnified in suicide survivors by feelings of quilt, confusion, rejection, shame, anger, and the effects of stigma and trauma. Furthermore, surv...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The links between late-life depression and the medical comorbidities that are often associated with it can be divided into two paths. The path from medical illness to depression reflects general mechanisms related to stress, disability, and loss, as well as more specific physiological mechanisms, including those relat...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The construct of major depressive disorder makes no etiological assumptions about populations with diverse symptom clusters. "Depressed mood" and "loss of interest or pleasure in nearly all activities" are core features of major depressive episode, though a strong case can be made to pay increasing attention to sympto...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mental disorders represent a significant public health burden worldwide due to their high prevalence, chronically disabling nature, and substantial impact on quality of life. Despite growing knowledge of the pathological mechanisms that underlie the development of these disorders, a high percentage of patients do not ...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.31887/DCNS.2020.22.3/pfadda
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent research has overcome the old paradigms of the brain as an immunologically privileged organ, and of the exclusive role of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides as signal transducers in the central nervous system. Growing evidence suggests that the signal proteins of the immune system - the cytokines - are also in...
journal_title:Dialogues in clinical neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00