Emotor control: computations underlying bodily resource allocation, emotions, and confidence.

Abstract:

:Emotional processes are central to behavior, yet their deeply subjective nature has been a challenge for neuroscientific study as well as for psychiatric diagnosis. Here we explore the relationships between subjective feelings and their underlying brain circuits from a computational perspective. We apply recent insights from systems neuroscience-approaching subjective behavior as the result of mental computations instantiated in the brain-to the study of emotions. We develop the hypothesis that emotions are the product of neural computations whose motor role is to reallocate bodily resources mostly gated by smooth muscles. This "emotor" control system is analagous to the more familiar motor control computations that coordinate skeletal muscle movements. To illustrate this framework, we review recent research on "confidence." Although familiar as a feeling, confidence is also an objective statistical quantity: an estimate of the probability that a hypothesis is correct. This model-based approach helped reveal the neural basis of decision confidence in mammals and provides a bridge to the subjective feeling of confidence in humans. These results have important implications for psychiatry, since disorders of confidence computations appear to contribute to a number of psychopathologies. More broadly, this computational approach to emotions resonates with the emerging view that psychiatric nosology may be best parameterized in terms of disorders of the cognitive computations underlying complex behavior. :Los procesos emocionales son centrales para la conducta, pero su naturaleza intensamente subjetiva ha sido un desafío para el estudio neurocientífico y el diagnóstico psiquiátrico. En este artículo se exploran las relaciones entre los sentimientos subjetivos y los circuitos cerebrales subyacentes desde una perspectiva computacional. Para el estudio de las emociones se aplican conocimientos recientes de la neurociencia de sistemas, planteándose la conducta subjetiva como el resultado de cálculos mentales que se ejemplifican concretamente en el cerebro. Se desarrolla la hipótesis que las emociones son el producto de cálculos neurales cuyo papel motor es redistribuir los recursos corporales regulados por los músculos lisos, análogo a los cálculos del control motor que coordinan los movimientos del músculo esquelético. Para ilustrar este modelo se revisa la investigación reciente sobre la “certidumbre”. Aunque ésta es familiar como un sentimiento, la certidumbre es también una magnitud estadística objetiva: una estimación de la probabilidad de que una hipótesis sea correcta. Este enfoque basado en el modelo ayuda a revelar las bases neurales de la certidumbre en las decisiones en mamíferos y construye un enlace al sentimiento subjetivo de certidumbre en humanos. Estos resultados tienen importantes implicancias para la psiquiatría, ya que los trastornos de los cálculos de certidumbre parecen contribuir a numerosas psicopatologías. En un sentido más amplio, este enfoque computacional de las emociones se hace eco de la visión emergente de la nosología psiquiátrica que puede ser mejor parametrizada en términos de trastornos de los cálculos cognitivos subyacentes a las conductas complejas. :Les processus émotionnels sont au cœur du comportement, pourtant leur nature subjective profonde s'est révélée être une difficulté pour les études neuroscientifiques comme pour le diagnostic psychiatrique. Nous examinons ici les relations entre les sentiments subjectifs et leurs circuits cérébraux d'un point de vue computationnel. Nous appliquons les connaissances récentes de la neuroscience des systèmes - en considérant le comportement subjectif comme résultat de computations mentales générées dans le cerveau - à l'étude des émotions. Nous développons l'hypothèse que les émotions sont le produit de computations neuronales dont le rôle moteur est de réattribuer les ressources corporelles principalement contrôlées par les muscles lisses. Ce système de contrôle moteur émotionnel est semblable aux calculs plus familiers du contrôle moteur qui coordonnent les mouvements musculaires du squelette. Pour illustrer cette perspective, nous examinons la recherche récente sur la «confiance». Bien que connue comme sentiment, la confiance est aussi une quantité statistique objective: une estimation de la probabilité qu'une hypothèse est exacte. Cette approche fondée sur un modèle permet de révéler les bases neuronales de la confiance décisionnaire chez les mammifères et fournit une passerelle au sentiment subjectif de confiance chez les humains. Les implications de ces résultats en psychiatrie sont importantes, puisque des troubles de computations de confiance semblent contribuer à de nombreuses psychopathologies. Plus largement, cette approche computationnelle des émotions fait émerger la possibilité d'une nosologie psychiatrique pouvant être mieux paramétrée en termes de troubles des computations cognitives sous-tendant des comportements complexes.

authors

Kepecs A,Mensh BD

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2015-12-01 00:00:00

pages

391-401

issue

4

eissn

1294-8322

issn

1958-5969

journal_volume

17

pub_type

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