DNA methylation and demethylation as targets for antipsychotic therapy.

Abstract:

:Schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BPD) patients show a downregulation of GAD67, reelin (RELN), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and other genes expressed in telencephalic GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons. This downregulation is associated with the enrichment of 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine proximally at gene regulatory domains at the respective genes. A pharmacological strategy to reduce promoter hypermethylation and to induce a more permissive chromatin conformation is to administer drugs, such as the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor valproate (VPA), that facilitate chromatin remodeling. Studies in mouse models of SZ indicate that clozapine induces DNA demethylation at relevant promoters, and that this action is potentiated by VPA. By activating DNA demethylation, clozapine or its derivatives with VPA or other more potent and selective HDAC inhibitors may be a promising treatment strategy to correct the gene expression deficits detected in postmortem brain of SZ and BPD patients. :Los pacientes con esquizofrenia (EQZ) y trastorno bipolar (TAB) muestran una regulación hacia abajo de GAD67, reelina (RELN), factor neurotrófico derivado del cerebro (BDNF) y otros genes expresados en neuronas glutamatérgicas y gabaérgicas del telencefálo. Esta regulación hacia abajo está asociada con un aumento de 5-metiIcitosina y 5-hidroximetilcitosina en la zona proximal de las regiones reguladoras de genes en los respectivos genes. Una estrategia farmacológica para reducir la hipermetilación del promotor e inducir una conformación de cromatina más permisiva es la administración de fármacos como el valproato (VPA), inhibidor de la histona deacetílasa (HDAC), que facilita la remodelación de cromatina. Estudios en modelos de ratones con EQZ indican que la clozapina induce desmetilación de ADN en promotores relevantes y que esta acción es potenciada por VPA. Al activar la desmetilación de ADN, la clozapina o sus derivados con VPA u otros inhibidores más potentes y selectivos de la HDAC pueden constituir una prometedora estrategia terapéutica para corregir los déficits en la expresión génica detectada en cerebros postmortem de pacientes con EQZ y con TAB. :Les patients souffrant de schizophrénie (SZ) et de troubles bipolaires (BPD) présentent une régulation négative du GAD67, de la reelin (RELN), du facteur neurotrophique dérivé du cerveau (BDNF) et d'autres gènes exprimés dans les neurones télencéphaliques GABAergiques et glutamatergiques. Cette régulation négative est associée à l'enrichissement de la 5-méthylcytosine et de la 5-hydroxyméthylcytosine en position proximale au niveau des domaines régulateurs du gène dans les gènes respectifs. L'administration de médicaments, comme l'acide valproïque (VPA), inhibiteur de l'histone désacétylase (HDAC), qui facilite le remodelage de la chromatine est un moyen pharmacologique pour diminuer l'hyperméthylation du promoteur et pour induire une conformation plus souple de la chromatine. Des études sur des modèles murins de SZ indiquent que la clozapine induit la déméthylation de l'ADN au niveau des promoteurs essentiels, cette action étant potentialisée par le VPA. En activant la déméthylation de l'ADN, la clozapine ou ses dérivés avec le VPA ou d'autres inhibiteurs HDAC plus puissants et plus sélectifs peuvent être une stratégie thérapeutique prometteuse pour corriger les déficits de l'expression de gènes détectés dans les cerveaux postmortem des patients atteints de SZ et BPD.

authors

Guidotti A,Grayson DR

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2014-09-01 00:00:00

pages

419-29

issue

3

eissn

1294-8322

issn

1958-5969

journal_volume

16

pub_type

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