Abstract:
:Laboratory studies involving intentional and highly controlled exposures to air pollutants among groups of human volunteers provide valuable information related to the potential health effects of pollutants regulated under the US Clean Air Act. These controlled human exposure studies often provide biological plausibility for the associations between air-pollutant concentration and a given health endpoint observed in epidemiologic investigations. In some cases, results from human laboratory studies provide evidence of a relevant health effect at ambient or near-ambient concentrations and thus directly support the selection of air quality standard levels. In the recently completed review of the US National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for sulfur dioxide (SO₂), the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) concluded that short-term exposures to SO₂ are causally associated with an increase in respiratory morbidity. This determination was based in large part on findings from laboratory studies of controlled exposures to SO₂ among small groups of asthmatic individuals. The purpose of this review is to concisely present an overview of the evidence from controlled human exposure studies of SO₂-induced respiratory health effects following short-term exposures. While the majority of these studies were conducted over 20 years ago, the findings and insights gained from this work continues to play an integral role in evaluating the respiratory effects of ambient exposures to SO₂.
journal_name
Inhal Toxicoljournal_title
Inhalation toxicologyauthors
Johns DO,Linn WSdoi
10.3109/08958378.2010.539290subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-01-01 00:00:00pages
33-43issue
1eissn
0895-8378issn
1091-7691journal_volume
23pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Exposure to toluene, one of the major components of glue, can lead to cardiac arrhythmias and sudden sniffing death syndrome. QT dispersion is a useful risk marker for cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of glue abuse on QT interval and QT dispersion. The ...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/08958370701758304
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats were exposed for a single 3 h period to air, ozone (O₃) or O₃) followed by tobacco smoke (O₃/TS). For pulmonary effects, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells and fluid were analyzed. Data revealed a significant increase in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), total protein and albumin ...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/08958378.2012.751143
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Diesel engine exhaust (DEE), a ubiquitous environmental pollutant, has been associated with adverse health effects. Revelation of cellular and molecular changes is critical for understanding environmental exposure-related diseases. Although the molecular-level effects of DEE exposure have been investigated, whether it...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/08958378.2016.1162233
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic exposure to chlorine gas has been shown to cause occupational asthma. Acute inhalation of chlorine is known to cause airway inflammation and induce airway nitric oxide formation. Exhaled nitric oxide may therefore be a marker of airway damage after chlorine gas exposure. After accidental chlorine gas exposure ...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/08958370701432157
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Continuous environmental or occupational exposure to airborne particulate pollution is believed to be a major hazard for human health. A technique to characterize their deposition and clearance from the lungs is fundamental to understand the underlying mechanisms behind their negative health effects. In this work, we ...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/08958378.2010.549856
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Biodiesel made from the transesterification of plant- and animal-derived oils is an important alternative fuel source for diesel engines. Although numerous studies have reported health effects associated with petroleum diesel emissions, information on biodiesel emissions are more limited. To this end, a program at the...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/08958378.2015.1076910
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The C9 alkylbenzenes, composed mostly of ethyltoluenes and trimethylbenzenes, comprise 75-90% of the naphtha fraction of crude oil. Occupational and environmental exposure to C9 alkylbenzenes occur via inhalation. We conducted short-term inhalation studies on the ethyltoluene isomers (2-, 3- or 4-) to select one isome...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/08958378.2018.1430190
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Toxicological Evaluation of Realistic Emissions of Source Aerosols (TERESA) study involved withdrawal, aging, and atmospheric transformation of emissions of three coal-fired power plants. Toxicological evaluations were carried out in rats exposed to different emission scenarios with extensive exposure characteriza...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/08958378.2010.566291
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Provisional Advisory Level (PAL) protocol was applied to estimate inhalation exposure limits for phosgene (CG). Three levels (PAL 1, PAL 2, and PAL 3), distinguished by severity of toxic effects, are developed for 24-hour, 30-day, 90-day, and 2-year durations of potential drinking water and inhalation exposures fo...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/08958370903202820
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ultrafine particles (diameter < 100 nm) may be important in the health effects of air pollution, in part because of their predicted high respiratory deposition. However, there are few measurements of ultrafine particle deposition during spontaneous breathing. The fractional deposition for the total respiratory tract o...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/08958370304468
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to conserve material that is available in limited quantities, "directed-flow" nose-only exposure systems have at times been run at flow rates close to the minute ventilation of the animal. Such low-flow-rate conditions can contribute to a decrease of test substance concentration in inhaled air; near the anima...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/08958370500282555
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:There have been no animal studies of the health effects of repeated inhalation of mixtures representing downwind pollution from coal combustion. Environmental exposures typically follow atmospheric processing and mixing with pollutants from other sources. OBJECTIVE:This was the fourth study by the National Env...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/08958378.2011.572932
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epidemiological and experimental data suggest that obesity exacerbates the health effects of air pollutants such as ozone (O3). Maternal inactivity and calorically rich diets lead to offspring that show signs of obesity. Exacerbated O3 susceptibility of offspring could thus be manifested by maternal obesity. Thirty-da...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/08958378.2017.1342719
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In recent years, a physiology-oriented multicompartmental kinetics (POCK) model was developed to simulate pulmonary retention data of biopersistent, noncytotoxic aerosols in long-term inhalation exposures of rats. Experimental data were successfully simulated for submicrometer-sized aerosols like carbon black, diesel ...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/089583799197096
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was undertaken to determine whether there was an association between fine particles (PM₂.₅) levels and hospital admissions for congestive heart failure (CHF) in Taipei, Taiwan. Hospital admissions for CHF and ambient air pollution data for Taipei were obtained for the period 2006-2010. The relative risk of ...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/08958378.2013.804609
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:Three heterocyclic nitrogen compounds, 2,3-diethylpyrazine (DEP), 2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), and 2-acetyl pyridine (AP), are naturally present in tobacco and are also added to tobacco as flavor ingredients. OBJECTIVE:A battery of tests was used to compare the toxicity of mainstream smoke from experimen...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/08958378.2010.545841
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pulmonary tissue injury and repair processes involve complex and coordinated cellular events such as necrosis, inflammation, cell growth/differentiation, apoptosis, and remodeling of extracellular matrix. These processes are regulated by expression of multiple mediator genes. Commercially available microarray blots an...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/08958370050198566
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Objective: Humidifier-disinfectant-induced lung injury is a new syndrome associated with a high mortality rate and characterized by severe hypersensitivity pneumonitis, acute interstitial pneumonia, or acute respiratory distress syndrome. Polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate (PHMG-P), a guanidine-based antimicrobial ...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/08958378.2019.1707912
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:Air pollution exposure affects autonomic function, heart rate, blood pressure and left ventricular function. While the mechanism for these effects is uncertain, several studies have reported that air pollution exposure modifies activity of the carotid body, the major organ that senses changes in arterial oxygen...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/08958378.2014.984881
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A cross-sectional study on suberosis was conducted in the Champagne-Ardenne County, France, to determine the prevalence of respiratory symptoms, the level of pulmonary function, and the presence of precipitins against Penicillium frequentans. Thirteen of the 33 workers exposed to cork dust had respiratory symptoms exc...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/08958370390249120
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Concurrent exposure to SO(2) and benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) resulted in an increased incidence of lung tumors in rodents compared to exposure to B(a)P alone. A synergistic effect on the expression of c-fos and c-jun between SO(2) and B(a)P was observed in lungs after SO(2) and B(a)P exposure. However, tumorigenesis occurs...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/08958370903341891
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:This study aimed to investigate whether increased carboxyhemoglobin (COHB) levels and ECG changes, which associated with fatal ventricular dysrhythmias, including increased QT, P-wave and T peak (Tp)-Tend (Te) dispersion, can be detected after smoking narghile, which is a traditional method of smoking tobacco t...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1080/08958378.2016.1224957
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Manganese (Mn) is ubiquitous in ambient air due to both industrial and crustal sources. It is also a component of the octane-enhancing fuel additive methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT). The combustion of MMT by the automobile engine results in the formation of Mn particulates including phosphate, sulfat...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/08958370050138003
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A study was performed in Sprague-Dawley rats (Crl:CD BR) to differentiate between effects of hydrofluorocarbon 123 (HCFC-123) on the lactating dam or on the fetus using fostering and cross-fostering of the offspring. Pregnant and/or lactating dams without the pups present were exposed to the test substance (1000 ppm) ...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/08958370126866
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Minimally invasive approaches to detect/predict target organ toxicity have significant practical applications in occupational toxicology. The potential application of peripheral blood transcriptomics as a practical approach to study the mechanisms of silica-induced pulmonary toxicity was investigated. Rats were expose...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/08958378.2012.697926
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Irritant-induced inflammation of the airways may aggravate respiratory allergy induced by chemical respiratory allergens. Therefore, the effect of airway irritation by synthetic amorphous silica (SAS) on respiratory allergy to trimellitic anhydride (TMA) was studied. Brown Norway (BN) rats were topically sensitized on...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/08958370802105371
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article addresses results of two 13-wk inhalation toxicity studies in Wistar rats with aerosolized 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) homopolymers using either the isocyanurate (HDI-IC) type or biuret (HDI-BT) type. Groups of 10 rats/sex/level were exposed nose-only to breathing zone concentrations of 0.5, 3.3,...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/08958370118600
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acute lung injury (ALI) induced by phosgene increases risk of serious edema and mortality. Increased permeability of the microvascular endothelium is implicated in the progression of ALI, but the processing interaction and time course activity of the vascular regulators in exudation are still not understood. The main ...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/08958370802015091
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:CONTEXT:Particulate air pollution, for example, from ultrafine (UF) particles, has negative health effects. However, there is still limited knowledge regarding the fate of inhaled particles in the human body. OBJECTIVES:To describe the normal lung deposition and 1 week particle retention of indium-111 labeled UF carbo...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/08958378.2012.708065
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper summarizes available data on worker exposures to asphalt fume (soluble fraction), total particulate matter, and respirable crystalline silica (quartz) [hereinafter RCS] over a 30-year period in Owens Corning's asphalt production and roofing manufacturing plants. For the period 1977 through 2006, the air-mon...
journal_title:Inhalation toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/08958378.2011.604107
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00