¹¹¹Indium-labeled ultrafine carbon particles; a novel aerosol for pulmonary deposition and retention studies.

abstract：:Respiratory disturbances play a central role in chemical warfare nerve agent (CWNA) induced toxicity; they are the starting point of mass casualty and the major cause of death. We developed a microinstillation technique of inhalation exposure to nerve agent VX and assessed lung injury by biochemical analysis of the br...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Graham JR,Wright BS,Rezk PE,Gordon RK,Sciuto AM,Nambiar MP

更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：CONTEXT:Three heterocyclic nitrogen compounds, 2,3-diethylpyrazine (DEP), 2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), and 2-acetyl pyridine (AP), are naturally present in tobacco and are also added to tobacco as flavor ingredients. OBJECTIVE:A battery of tests was used to compare the toxicity of mainstream smoke from experimen...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Coggins CR,Merski JA,Oldham MJ

更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A study was performed in Sprague-Dawley rats (Crl:CD BR) to differentiate between effects of hydrofluorocarbon 123 (HCFC-123) on the lactating dam or on the fetus using fostering and cross-fostering of the offspring. Pregnant and/or lactating dams without the pups present were exposed to the test substance (1000 ppm) ...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Buschmann J,Bartsch W,Dasenbrock C,Fuhst R,Pohlmann G,Preiss A,Berger-Preiss E

更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:Dimethyl sulfide (DMS, CAS 75-18-3) is an industrial chemical. It is both an irritant and neurotoxicant that may be life-threatening because of accidental release. The effects of DMS on public health and associated public health response depend on the exposure concentration and duration. However, currently, p...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Demchuk E,Ball SL,Le SL,Prussia AJ

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is a ubiquitous air pollutant, present in low concentrations in the urban air and in higher concentrations in the working environment. In this study, we investigated the effects of inhaled SO2 on the O-dealkylase of pentoxyresorufin (PROD) and p-nitrophenol hydroxylases (p-NP) activities and mRNA ...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Qin G,Meng Z

更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The application of a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control algorithm to an inhalation exposure system using a building automation system is described. Previous studies had utilized a control system in which concentration was monitored continuously and adjustments to the generator were made on a continuous bas...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Wong BA

更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The authors have previously demonstrated that wildfire-derived coarse or fine particulate matter (PM) intratracheally instilled into lungs of mice induce a strong inflammatory response. In the current study, the authors demonstrate that wildfire PM simultaneously cause major increases in oxidative stress in the mouse ...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Wegesser TC,Franzi LM,Mitloehner FM,Eiguren-Fernandez A,Last JA

更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride (MHHPA) is a reactive, low molecular weight chemical used in products such as plastics, paints, and electronic components. Exposure to MHHPA may lead to work-related airway diseases such as rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and asthma. Twelve subjects employed at a plant manufacturing electri...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Jeppsson MC,Lindh CH,Kristiansson MH,Nielsen J,Jönsson BA

更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Increases in particulate matter less than 2.5 µm (PM(2.5)) in ambient air is linked to acute cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Specific components and potential emission sources of PM(2.5) responsible for adverse health effects of cardiovascular function are unclear. METHODS:Spontaneously hypertensive...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Kamal AS,Rohr AC,Mukherjee B,Morishita M,Keeler GJ,Harkema JR,Wagner JG

更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Wistar rats were exposed for 24 mo to diesel emissions containing a low (0.2 ppm, 0.21 mg/m(3)), medium (1.04 ppm, 1.18 mg/m(3)), or high (2.96 ppm, 3.05 mg/m(3)) concentration of NO(2) and particles, or diesel emissions containing a medium (1.12 ppm, 0.01 mg/m(3)) concentration of NO(2) without particles. At 6-mo int...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Kato A,Nagai A,Kagawa J

更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In February 2006, an IARC Monographs Working Group reevaluated the carcinogenic hazards to humans of carbon black, titanium dioxide, and talc, which belong to the group of poorly soluble, low-toxicity particles. The review of the relevant literature and the evaluations by the Working Group will be published in Volume ...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Baan RA

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Propylene glycol mono-t-butyl ether (PGMBE) is a widely used solvent in industry and in consumer products, posing a potential for human exposure via inhalation or dermal routes. Toxicokinetic studies were conducted on F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice of both sexes to evaluate single or repeated dose, species, and/or sex di...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Dill J,Fuciarelli A,Lee K,Mellinger K,Burka L,Roycroft J

更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To investigate effects of neurobehavioral disturbances in mice caused by sub-chronic exposure to low-dose volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and the possible mechanism for these effects, 60 male Kunming mice were exposed in 5 similar static chambers, 0 (control) and 4 different doses of VOCs mixture (G1-4) for consecut...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Wang F,Li C,Liu W,Jin Y

更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Computational fluid dynamic modeling software has enabled microdosimetry patterns of inhaled toxins and toxicants to be predicted and visualized, and is being used in inhalation toxicology and risk assessment. These predicted microdosimetry patterns in airway structures are derived from predicted airflow patterns with...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Robinson RJ,Snyder P,Oldham MJ

更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The irritants acrolein, acetaldehyde, and acetic acid induce a rapid sensory nerve-mediated nasal vasodilatory response in the rat. The aim of the current study was to examine acute nasal sensory nerve-mediated acute responses to an irritant ester vapor, ethyl acrylate. For this purpose, the upper respiratory tract of...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Morris JB

更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:Numerous studies have found an association between transiently increased particulate matter air pollution and acute adverse cardiovascular health effects; however, the mechanisms underlying these effects are not clear. Translocation of ultra-fine ambient particulate matter has been proposed to play a key role...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Bai N,van Eeden SF

更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) have been reported to cause lung pathologies in multiple studies. However, the mechanism responsible for the bioactivity has not been determined. This study used nine different well-characterized MWCNT and examined the outcomes in vitro and in vivo. MWCNT, from a variety of source...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Hamilton RF Jr,Buford M,Xiang C,Wu N,Holian A

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：CONTEXT:There have been no animal studies of the health effects of repeated inhalation of mixtures representing downwind pollution from coal combustion. Environmental exposures typically follow atmospheric processing and mixing with pollutants from other sources. OBJECTIVE:This was the fourth study by the National Env...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Mauderly JL,Barrett EG,Gigliotti AP,McDonald JD,Reed MD,Seagrave J,Mitchell LA,Seilkop SK

更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Epidemiological studies have reported increased morbidity in human populations following inhalation of elevated levels of urban particulate matter. These responses are especially prevalent in populations with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, including chronic bronchitis. Toxicological studies have reported alte...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Clarke RW,Catalano PJ,Koutrakis P,Murthy GG,Sioutas C,Paulauskis J,Coull B,Ferguson S,Godleski JJ

更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The purpose of the Enhanced Particulate Matter Surveillance Program was to provide scientifically founded information on the chemical and physical properties of dust collected over a period of approximately 1 year in Djibouti, Afghanistan (Bagram, Khowst), Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Iraq (Balad, Baghdad, Tallil, Tik...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Engelbrecht JP,McDonald EV,Gillies JA,Jayanty RK,Casuccio G,Gertler AW

更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of low-level ozone exposure (0.08 ppm) on pulmonary function in healthy young adults are well known; however, much less is known about the inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of low-level ozone in the airways. Techniques such as induced sputum and flow cytometry make it possible to examine airways in...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Alexis NE,Lay JC,Hazucha M,Harris B,Hernandez ML,Bromberg PA,Kehrl H,Diaz-Sanchez D,Kim C,Devlin RB,Peden DB

更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：CONTEXT:High malaria burden has led to the increased use of insecticides in the tropics and subtropics. This study thus aimed at assessing the hematological effects alteration of pyrethroid insecticide exposure using the experimental animal model. OBJECTIVE:A commonly available Electric Mosquito-Repellent Liquid pyret...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Al-Damegh MA

更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nano-sized particles (NSPs) have a diameter of less than 100 nm. When inhaled, they preferentially deposit in the deeper lung, where pulmonary surfactant covers the thin aqueous lining layer. Thus, pulmonary surfactant is the initial contact where NSPs impinge. This can lead to various consequences. For example, bindi...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Schleh C,Hohlfeld JM

更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Objective: To develop a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for chloroprene in the mouse, rat and human, relying only on in vitro data to estimate tissue metabolism rates and partitioning, and to apply the model to calculate an inhalation unit risk (IUR) for chloroprene.Materials and methods: Female B6C...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Clewell HJ 3rd,Campbell JL,Van Landingham C,Franzen A,Yoon M,Dodd DE,Andersen ME,Gentry PR

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A low-cutoff, high-volume conventional impactor has been designed. This sampler uses a slit-shaped acceleration jet and operates at 1100 L/min. The impaction substrate is polyurethane foam (PUF). The impactor collection efficiency was characterized using polydisperse particles, and the 50% size cutoff point was 0.12 ¡...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Kavouras IG,Ferguson ST,Wolfson JM,Koutrakis P

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study investigated the surface chemistry of urban fine particles (PM(2.5)), and quantified the adsorbed and desorbed species after exposure to bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Urban background and roadside PM(2.5) samples of different mass concentration and total weight were collected in triplicate in the Sou...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Kendall M,Guntern J,Lockyer NP,Jones FH,Hutton BM,Lippmann M,Tetley TD

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is a common but important air pollutant. Micronuclei (MN) in the polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) of mouse bone marrow and the ratio between organ and body weight of treatment mouse were determined and analyzed in vivo in order to study injury of sulfur dioxide inhalation on organs and germ plasm ...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Ruan A,Min H,Meng Z,Lü Z

更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：CONTEXT:Particulate air pollution, for example, from ultrafine (UF) particles, has negative health effects. However, there is still limited knowledge regarding the fate of inhaled particles in the human body. OBJECTIVES:To describe the normal lung deposition and 1 week particle retention of indium-111 labeled UF carbo...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Klepczyńska-Nyström A,Sanchez-Crespo A,Andersson M,Falk R,Lundin A,Larsson BM,Svartengren M

更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:With regard to genotoxicity testing and cancer risk assessment, particles and fibers form a rather specific group among all toxicants. First, the physicochemical behavior of fibrous and nonfibrous particles is usually very different from that of nonparticulate, chemical carcinogens. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are b...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Schins RP

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Risk assessment of occupational exposure to nanomaterials is needed. Human data are limited, but quantitative data are available from rodent studies. To use these data in risk assessment, a scientifically reasonable approach for extrapolating the rodent data to humans is required. One approach is allometric adjustment...

journal_title：Inhalation toxicology

authors： Kuempel ED,Tran CL,Castranova V,Bailer AJ

更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00