Abstract：
:It is well accepted that bacterial pathogens growing in a biofilm are recalcitrant to the action of most antibiotics and are resistant to the innate immune system. New treatment modalities are greatly warranted to effectively eradicate these infections. However, bacteria growing in a biofilm are metabolically unique in comparison to the bacteria growing in a planktonic state. Unfortunately, most antibiotics have been developed to inhibit the growth of bacteria in a planktonic mode of growth. This review focuses on the metabolism and physiology of biofilm growth with special emphasis on staphylococci. Future treatment options should include targeting unique metabolic niches found within bacterial biofilms in addition to the enzymes or compounds that inhibit biofilm accumulation molecules and/or interact with quorum sensing and intercellular bacterial communication.
journal_name
Curr Opin Microbioljournal_title
Current opinion in microbiologyauthors
Fey PDdoi
10.1016/j.mib.2010.09.007subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-10-01 00:00:00pages
610-5issue
5eissn
1369-5274issn
1879-0364pii
S1369-5274(10)00134-7journal_volume
13pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Sequestered from the action of complement, antibody and lytic peptides, phagosomal pathogens pose a unique problem for the innate immune system both in terms of detection and disposal. An immunologically induced 47-kDa (p47) GTPase family recruited to nascent phagosomes (PGs) has provided new insights into how vertebr...
journal_title：Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.mib.2004.12.012
更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:High-throughput identification of proteins and their accurate partial sequencing by shotgun nanoLC-MS/MS are now feasible for any cellular model at a full genomic scale. Proteogenomics is the integration of these data with the genome. Mining microbial proteomes allows validation of predicted orphan genes and correctio...
journal_title：Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.mib.2009.03.005
更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:One defining feature of apicomplexan parasites is their special ability to actively invade host cells. Although rapid, invasion is a complicated process that requires coordinated activities of host cell attachment, protein secretion, and motility by the parasite. Central to this process is the establishment of a struc...
journal_title：Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.mib.2012.02.007
更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Endosymbiotic theory goes back over 100 years. It explains the similarity of chloroplasts and mitochondria to free-living prokaryotes by suggesting that the organelles arose from prokaryotes through (endo)symbiosis. Gene trees provide important evidence in favour of symbiotic theory at a coarse-grained level, but the ...
journal_title：Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.mib.2014.09.008
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the study of transmembrane transport, molecular phylogeny provides a reliable guide to protein structure, catalytic and noncatalytic transport mechanisms, mode of energy coupling and substrate specificity. It also allows prediction of the evolutionary history of a transporter family, leading to estimations of its a...
journal_title：Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1369-5274(99)00016-8
更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Biofilm development and quorum sensing (QS) are closely interconnected processes. Biofilm formation is a cooperative group behaviour that involves bacterial populations living embedded in a self-produced extracellular matrix. QS is a cell-cell communication mechanism that synchronizes gene expression in response to po...
journal_title：Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.mib.2014.02.008
更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There has been a dramatic increase in the number of completely sequenced bacterial genomes during the past two years as a result of the efforts both of public genome agencies and the pharmaceutical industry. The availability of completely sequenced genomes permits more systematic analyses of genes, evolution and genom...
journal_title：Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1369-5274(98)80039-8
更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antisense technology has been widely used to regulate gene expression. A tetracycline (tet)-regulated antisense-RNA-expressing system has been developed and used to downregulate chromosomally derived genes expressed in Staphylococcus aureus. This downregulation subsequently provides an evaluation of the virulence fact...
journal_title：Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1369-5274(02)00315-6
更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The environment is suffused with nearly countless types of fungi, and our immune systems must be tuned to cope with constant exposure to them. In addition, it is becoming increasingly clear that many surfaces of our bodies are colonized with complex populations of fungi (the mycobiome) in the same way that they are co...
journal_title：Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.mib.2013.05.004
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Secretion systems play a central role in infectious diseases by enabling pathogenic bacteria to deliver virulence factors into target cells. The type VI secretion system (T6SS) mediates bacterial antagonism in various environments including eukaryotic niches, such as the gut. This molecular machine injects lethal toxi...
journal_title：Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.mib.2015.11.006
更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antibiotic lethality is a complex physiological process, sensitive to external cues. Recent advances using systems approaches have revealed how events downstream of primary target inhibition actively participate in antibiotic death processes. In particular, altered metabolism, translational stress and DNA damage each ...
journal_title：Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.mib.2017.09.002
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The eukaryotic unicellular pathogen Plasmodium falciparum tightly regulates gene expression, both during development and in adaptation to dynamic host environments. This regulation is evident in the mutually exclusive expression of members of clonally variant virulence multigene families. While epigenetic regulators h...
journal_title：Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.mib.2014.06.013
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Gram-positive pathogen Staphylococcus aureus poses a serious risk to public health due to its prevalence as a commensal organism, its ability to cause a multitude of diseases, and the increasing incidence of antibiotic resistant strains. S. aureus infects diverse niches within vertebrates despite being challenged ...
journal_title：Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.mib.2011.11.004
更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intracellular protozoans co-evolved with their mammalian host cells a range of strategies to cope with the composite and dynamic cell surface features they encounter during migration and infection. Therefore, these single-celled eukaryotic parasites represent a fascinating source of living probes for precisely capturi...
journal_title：Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.mib.2019.06.007
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Since the past decades, oligosaccharides are considered for their potential biological activities. To exploit them, it was essential to obtain pure molecules in large amounts. Several strategies were developed to produce specific sugar sequences with specific substitution patterns from land plants and algae polysaccha...
journal_title：Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.mib.2009.04.007
更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bacterial two-component systems (TCSs) and small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) form densely interconnected networks that integrate and transduce information from the environment into fine-tuned changes of gene expression. Many TCSs control target genes indirectly through regulation of sRNAs, which in turn regulate gene expr...
journal_title：Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.mib.2011.12.001
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The concept of 'protein function' is rather 'fuzzy' because it is often based on whimsical terms or contradictory nomenclature. This currently presents a challenge for functional genomics because precise definitions are essential for most computational approaches. Addressing this challenge, the notion of networks betw...
journal_title：Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.mib.2004.08.012
更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Gene clusters contributing to processes such as cell growth and pathogenicity are often controlled by two-component signal transduction systems (TCSs). Specific inhibitors against TCS systems work differently from conventional antibiotics, and developing them into new drugs that are effective against various drug-resi...
journal_title：Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.mib.2010.01.008
更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mast cells (MCs) have been implicated in orchestrating the host's early innate immune and adaptive immune responses in several models of acute bacterial infections. Most of this activity results in early clearance of the bacteria and timely resolution of infection. However, during chronic infections because of the pro...
journal_title：Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.mib.2011.10.007
更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ustilago maydis is a well-established model system for biotrophic fungal plant pathogens. The fungus has a dimorphic life cycle with a yeast-like saprophytic phase switching to filamentous, pathogenic growth upon hyphal fusion. Due to its highly differentiated development and the amenability for reverse-genetics U. ma...
journal_title：Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.mib.2016.07.020
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bacterial shape has always been hypothesized to play an important role in the biology of a species and in the ability of certain bacteria to influence human health. The recent discovery of peptidoglycan hydrolases that modulate shape has now allowed this hypothesis to be addressed directly. Genetic, biochemical, and p...
journal_title：Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.mib.2013.09.005
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The proposed order Megavirales comprises the nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDV), infecting a wide range of hosts. Over time, they co-evolved with different host cells, developing various strategies to penetrate them. Mimiviruses and other giant viruses enter cells through phagocytosis, while Marseillevirus an...
journal_title：Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.mib.2016.03.009
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent work has shown that Immunoglobulin-like (Ig-like) domains occur frequently on the surface of tailed dsDNA bacteriophages. Several of these Ig-like domains are added to bacteriophage structural proteins via programmed ribosomal frameshifts, and their evolutionary patterns suggest that they can be exchanged by ho...
journal_title：Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.mib.2007.05.018
更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several species of Archaea are involved in symbiotic or parasitic associations with representatives of Eukarya, Bacteria and other Archaea. Eukaryal interactions include different members of methanogens, found in the gut of arthropods, in the rumen of cattle, and in the human intestine, while Cenarchaeum symbiosum is ...
journal_title：Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.mib.2011.04.016
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a clinically significant herpes virus that maintains a lifelong infection in the host. HCMV infection of endothelial cells and macrophages plays an important role in the establishment of latency and persistence, which appears critical for the maintenance of HCMV within the host. HCMV in...
journal_title：Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1369-5274(02)00334-x
更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In filamentous fungi, the actin cytoskeleton is required for polarity establishment and maintenance at hyphal tips and for formation of a contractile ring at sites of septation. Recently, formins have been identified as Arp (actin-related protein) 2/3-independent nucleators of actin polymerization, and filamentous fun...
journal_title：Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.mib.2003.10.009
更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Small RNAs can act to regulate both the synthesis of proteins, by affecting mRNA transcription, translation and stability, and the activity of specific proteins by binding to them. As a result of recent genome-wide screens, around 50 small RNAs have now been identified in Escherichia coli. These include many that requ...
journal_title：Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1369-5274(03)00027-4
更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Some of the most successful drugs in the antibiotic pharmacopeia are those that inhibit bacterial cell wall biosynthesis. However, the worldwide spread of bacterial antibiotic resistance has eroded the clinical efficacy of these drugs and the antibiotic pipeline continues to be lean as drug discovery programs struggle...
journal_title：Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.mib.2015.07.013
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Systems biology is a rapidly expanding field fuelled by the 'omics' era coupled to several new technological advances that have increased the precision of data obtainable, meaning that it is now feasible to obtain quantitative measurements from a single cell. The aim of systems biology is to understand the structure, ...
journal_title：Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.mib.2009.08.007
更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In contrast to obligate pathogens opportunistic pathogens such as Aspergillus fumigatus do not need a specific host to propagate or survive. However several characteristics of the saprophytic life-style and the selective pressure encountered in the primary ecological niche contribute to the virulence of A. fumigatus. ...
journal_title：Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.mib.2017.11.015
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
