Abstract:
:In the study of transmembrane transport, molecular phylogeny provides a reliable guide to protein structure, catalytic and noncatalytic transport mechanisms, mode of energy coupling and substrate specificity. It also allows prediction of the evolutionary history of a transporter family, leading to estimations of its age, source, and route of appearance. Phylogenetic analyses, therefore, provide a rational basis for the characterization and classification of transporters. A universal classification system has been described, based on both function and phylogeny, which has been designed to be applicable to all currently recognized and yet-to-be discovered transport proteins found in living organisms on Earth.
journal_name
Curr Opin Microbioljournal_title
Current opinion in microbiologyauthors
Saier MHdoi
10.1016/s1369-5274(99)00016-8subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-10-01 00:00:00pages
555-61issue
5eissn
1369-5274issn
1879-0364pii
S1369-5274(99)00016-8journal_volume
2pub_type
杂志文章abstract::One promise of synthetic biology is to provide solutions for biomedical and industrial problems by rational design of added functionality in living systems. Microbes are at the forefront of this biological engineering endeavor due to their general ease of handling and their relevance in many potential applications fro...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
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journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
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abstract::Stan Falkow looked at the world with his eyes peering from the outer membrane of a gram-negative bacterium. It was a great vantage point from which to dream about the possible superpowers these organisms might have. He mused about these dreams with his trainees who sometimes found through rigorous scientific explorati...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
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journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
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abstract::Recent work on cell division and chromosome orientation and partitioning in Bacillus subtilis has provided insights into cell cycle regulation during growth and development. The cell cycle is an integral part of development and entrance into sporulation is modulated by signals that transmit the status of DNA integrity...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s1369-5274(98)80107-0
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abstract::Endolysins are phage-encoded enzymes that break down bacterial peptidoglycan at the terminal stage of the phage reproduction cycle. Their action is tightly regulated by holins, by membrane arrest, and by conversion from their inactive to active state. Recent research has not only revealed the unexpected diversity of t...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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abstract::Most studies of small regulatory RNAs in bacteria have focussed on conserved transcripts in intergenic regions. However, several recent developments including single-nucleotide resolution transcriptome profiling by RNA-seq and increased knowledge of the cellular targets of the RNA chaperone Hfq suggest that the bacter...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
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abstract::Clustered, regularly interspaced, short, palindromic repeats (CRISPR) loci, together with their CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins, provide bacteria and archaea with adaptive immunity against invasion by bacteriophages, plasmids, and other mobile genetic elements. These host defenses impart selective pressure on phages ...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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abstract::Single microbial cells can now be sequenced using DNA amplified by the Multiple Displacement Amplification (MDA) reaction. The few femtograms of DNA in a bacterium are amplified into micrograms of high molecular weight DNA suitable for DNA library construction and Sanger sequencing. The MDA-generated DNA also performs...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
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journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s1369-5274(98)80065-9
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abstract::Sexual development in filamentous ascomycetes requires mating-type genes to mediate recognition of compatible cell and nuclear types. Characterization of mating-type genes from various fungi shows that they primarily encode transcriptional regulators. Recent studies on mating-type-specific pheromones and internuclear ...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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abstract::The epithelial cell layer of the major organs of the mammalian gastrointestinal (GI) tract is extensively invaginated into thousands of gland and crypt structures. These are lined by distinct sets of epithelial cells and may comprise discrete niches. The host maximizes the distance between the epithelial cell layer an...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2018.11.004
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::RNA sequencing has emerged as the premier approach to study bacterial transcriptomes. While the earliest published studies analyzed the data qualitatively, the data are readily digitized and lend themselves to quantitative analysis. High-resolution RNA sequence (RNA-seq) data allows transcriptional features (promoters...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2014.11.011
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Research into the mechanisms regulating bacterial cell size has its origins in a single paper published over 50 years ago. In it Schaechter and colleagues made the observation that the chemical composition and size of a bacterial cell is a function of growth rate, independent of the medium used to achieve that growth ...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2015.01.011
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abstract::Protozoan pathogens have evolved countermeasures to avoid immune clearance and prolong the period of infection in their vertebrate hosts. The type and degree of immune escape strategies depends on the in vivo 'lifestyle' the pathogen has adopted. Here we describe how parasites use different strategies to coordinate th...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2007.10.003
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ability to control uptake across the mucosa and to protect the gut from harmful substances present in the lumen is defined as intestinal barrier function. Two routes are usually distinguished for transepithelial transport. The paracellular route allows the passage of ions and small molecules and is mainly regulate...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2013.12.003
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sensing its changing environment is key for Vibrio cholerae when making the transition from an aquatic lifestyle to one more suited to a human host. An inverse correlation between motility and virulence gene expression has been reported, with the NADH : ubiquinone oxidoreductase system which powers motility by generat...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s1369-5274(03)00032-8
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since their discovery, our understanding of NK cells has evolved from branding them marginal innate immunity cells to key players in anti-viral and anti-tumor immunity. Importance of NK cells in control of various viral infections is perhaps best illustrated by the existence of plethora of viral mechanisms aimed to mo...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2010.05.011
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abstract::Upon infection, both DNA and RNA viruses can be sensed by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in the cytoplasm or the nucleus to activate antiviral innate immunity. Sensing of viral products leads to the activation of a signaling cascade that ultimately results in transcriptional activation of type I and III interfer...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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abstract::Inducible tolerance to acidic and alkaline environments is recognized as an important survival strategy for many prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms. Recent developments in understanding this phenomenon include the identification of regulatory genes, specific tolerance mechanisms and genes associated with tolera...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S1369-5274(99)80030-7
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
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abstract::Single cell genomics (SCG) uncovers hereditary information at the most basic level of biological organization. It is emerging as a powerful complement to cultivation-based and microbial community-focused research approaches. SCG has been instrumental in identifying metabolic features, evolutionary histories and inter-...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2012.09.001
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plasmodium vivax is uniquely restricted to invading reticulocytes, the youngest of red blood cells. Parasite invasion relies on the sequential deployment of multiple parasite invasion ligands. Correct targeting of the host reticulocyte is mediated by two families of invasion ligands: the reticulocyte binding proteins ...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2018.10.002
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ustilago maydis is a well-established model system for biotrophic fungal plant pathogens. The fungus has a dimorphic life cycle with a yeast-like saprophytic phase switching to filamentous, pathogenic growth upon hyphal fusion. Due to its highly differentiated development and the amenability for reverse-genetics U. ma...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2016.07.020
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Arginine is an integral part of host defense when invading pathogens are encountered. The arginine metabolite nitric oxide (NO) confers antimicrobial properties, whereas the metabolite ornithine is utilized for polyamine synthesis. Polyamines are crucial to tissue repair and anti-inflammatory responses. iNOS/arginase ...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2015.10.005
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intracellular protozoans co-evolved with their mammalian host cells a range of strategies to cope with the composite and dynamic cell surface features they encounter during migration and infection. Therefore, these single-celled eukaryotic parasites represent a fascinating source of living probes for precisely capturi...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2019.06.007
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) are nearly ubiquitous in microbial genomes and influence their evolution by providing adaptive functions to their host and by enhancing genome plasticity and diversification. For a long-time, it has been assumed that by integrating into the chromosome of their host, these se...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2017.03.014
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mosquitoes are the major arthropod vectors of human diseases such as malaria and viral encephalitis. However, each mosquito species does not transmit every pathogen, owing to reasons that include specific evolutionary histories, mosquito immune system structure, and ecology. Even a competent vector species for a patho...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2012.04.001
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::An understanding of the molecular bases of pathogenicity in Blastomyces dermatitidis and related systemic dimorphic fungi has been limited until recent years. Yeast cells of B. dermatitidis display an adhesion promoting protein termed WI-1. Recent studies entailing homologous gene targeting and mutation of WI-1 have p...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s1369-5274(00)00100-4
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00