Abstract:
:Biochemical, serological and microbiological methods have been used to dissect pathogens and identify the components useful for vaccine development. Although successful in many cases, this approach is time-consuming and fails when the pathogens cannot be cultivated in vitro, or when the most abundant antigens are variable in sequence. Now genomic approaches allow prediction of all antigens, independent of their abundance and immunogenicity during infection, without the need to grow the pathogen in vitro. This allows vaccine development using non-conventional antigens and exploiting non-conventional arms of the immune system. Many vaccines impossible to develop so far will become a reality. Since the process of vaccine discovery starts in silico using the genetic information rather than the pathogen itself, this novel process can be named reverse vaccinology.
journal_name
Curr Opin Microbioljournal_title
Current opinion in microbiologyauthors
Rappuoli Rdoi
10.1016/s1369-5274(00)00119-3subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-10-01 00:00:00pages
445-50issue
5eissn
1369-5274issn
1879-0364pii
S1369-5274(00)00119-3journal_volume
3pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei is the causative agent of African sleeping sickness and the wasting disease, nagana, in cattle. The parasite is transmitted to the mammalian host by the bite of a tsetse fly. These parasites lack transcriptional regulation, and their gene expression is mainly regulated post-tr...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2014.06.006
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mosquitoes are the major arthropod vectors of human diseases such as malaria and viral encephalitis. However, each mosquito species does not transmit every pathogen, owing to reasons that include specific evolutionary histories, mosquito immune system structure, and ecology. Even a competent vector species for a patho...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2012.04.001
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the past year, our knowledge of type IV transporters of Gram-negative bacteria has further expanded. Advances include the discovery of additional members of this family of proteins, increased knowledge of the morphologies of type IV transporters, and a better understanding of the mechanisms by which macromolecules ...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s1369-5274(99)80004-6
更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Schizosaccharomyces pombe is a useful model system for understanding many aspects of eukaryotic cell growth. Studies of S. pombe have identified novel genes that function in the regulation of iron homeostasis. In response to high levels of iron, Fep1 represses the expression of several genes involved in the acquisitio...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2013.07.007
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The post-translational attachment of ubiquitin or ubiquitin-like modifiers (ULMs) to proteins regulates many cellular processes including the generation of innate and adaptive immune responses to pathogens. Vice versa, pathogens counteract immune defense by inhibiting or redirecting the ubiquitination machinery of the...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2010.05.012
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Signal termination in two-component systems occurs by loss of the phosphoryl group from the response regulator protein. This review explores our current understanding of the structures, catalytic mechanisms and means of regulation of the known families of phosphatases that catalyze response regulator dephosphorylation...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2010.01.004
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Septins are cytoskeletal elements that contain a highly conserved canonical G domain flanked by more divergent N- and C-termini. Septin monomers form heteropolymers that in turn associate into a variety of higher-order structures. SUMOylation, acetylation and phosphorylation of septins have all been reported; however,...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2012.09.007
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Much of what we know about cytokinesis in bacteria has come from studies with Escherichia coli, and efforts to comprehensively understand this fundamental process in this organism continue to intensify. Major recent advances include in vitro assembly of a membrane-tethered version of FtsZ into contractile rings in lip...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2010.09.015
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Barring bioavailability and nutritional limitations, virtually all organic anthropogenic chemicals can be naturally biodegraded. It is to this phenomenon we owe thanks to the long established 'tritrophic trinity' of microbe-plant-insect interactions. Over hundreds of millennia these organisms have coevolved, producing...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2004.04.007
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In two-component signaling systems, phosphorylated response regulators (RRs) are often dephosphorylated by their partner kinases in order to control the in vivo concentration of phospho-RR (RR approximately P). This activity is easily demonstrated in vitro, but these experiments have typically used very high concentra...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2010.01.013
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since 2003, dozens of giant viruses that infect amoebas (GVA), including mimiviruses and marseilleviruses, have been discovered. These giants appear to be common in our biosphere. From the onset, their presence and possible pathogenic role in humans have been serendipitously observed or investigated using a broad rang...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2016.04.012
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The concept of 'protein function' is rather 'fuzzy' because it is often based on whimsical terms or contradictory nomenclature. This currently presents a challenge for functional genomics because precise definitions are essential for most computational approaches. Addressing this challenge, the notion of networks betw...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2004.08.012
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a clinically significant herpes virus that maintains a lifelong infection in the host. HCMV infection of endothelial cells and macrophages plays an important role in the establishment of latency and persistence, which appears critical for the maintenance of HCMV within the host. HCMV in...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s1369-5274(02)00334-x
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pyrrolysine is an amino acid encoded by the amber codon in genes required for methylamine utilization by members of the Methanosarcinaceae. Pyrrolysine and selenocysteine share the distinction of being the only two non-canonical amino acids that have entered natural genetic codes. Recent experiments have shown that en...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2005.10.009
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The recent discovery of binding protein dependent secondary transporters and the ever-growing family of membrane potential generating secondary transporters emphasize the diversity of transport systems in both the mechanistical and physiological sense. The vast amount of data on the lactose permease is now beginning t...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s1369-5274(98)80018-0
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dectin-1 is an innate immune pattern recognition receptor (PRR) that, through its ability to bind β-glucans, is involved in the recognition of several pathogenic fungi. Dectin-1 can stimulate a variety of cellular responses via the Syk/CARD9 signalling pathway, including phagocytosis, cytokine production and the respi...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2011.07.001
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Application of metagenomic functional selections to study antibiotic resistance genes is revealing a highly diverse and complex network of genetic exchange between bacterial pathogens and environmental reservoirs, which likely contributes significantly to increasing resistance levels in pathogens. In some cases, clini...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2012.07.004
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Biofilm development and quorum sensing (QS) are closely interconnected processes. Biofilm formation is a cooperative group behaviour that involves bacterial populations living embedded in a self-produced extracellular matrix. QS is a cell-cell communication mechanism that synchronizes gene expression in response to po...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2014.02.008
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The eukaryotic unicellular pathogen Plasmodium falciparum tightly regulates gene expression, both during development and in adaptation to dynamic host environments. This regulation is evident in the mutually exclusive expression of members of clonally variant virulence multigene families. While epigenetic regulators h...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2014.06.013
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent work on cell division and chromosome orientation and partitioning in Bacillus subtilis has provided insights into cell cycle regulation during growth and development. The cell cycle is an integral part of development and entrance into sporulation is modulated by signals that transmit the status of DNA integrity...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s1369-5274(98)80107-0
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacterial two-component systems (TCSs) and small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) form densely interconnected networks that integrate and transduce information from the environment into fine-tuned changes of gene expression. Many TCSs control target genes indirectly through regulation of sRNAs, which in turn regulate gene expr...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2011.12.001
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The continued evolution of antimicrobial resistance in the hospital and more recently in the community threatens to seriously compromise our ability to treat serious infections. The major success of the seven-valent Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccine at reducing both infection and resistance has been followed by the eme...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2009.08.001
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Staphylococcus aureus is a dangerous pathogen that causes a variety of severe diseases. The virulence of S. aureus is defined by a large repertoire of virulence factors, among which secreted toxins play a preeminent role. Many S. aureus toxins damage biological membranes, leading to cell death. In particular, S. aureu...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2013.11.004
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The acquisition of drug resistance by Plasmodium falciparum has severely curtailed global efforts to control malaria. Our ability to define resistance has been greatly enhanced by recent advances in Plasmodium genetics and genomics. Sequencing and microarray studies have identified thousands of polymorphisms in the P....
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2007.07.007
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacteria furnish tractable models for complex biological processes, and morphogenesis is now taking its turn. We can already explain in general terms how such elementary forms as rods and cocci are produced, and the shapes of several individual organisms are coming into focus. In most bacteria shape is maintained by t...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2007.07.003
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A specialized cortical domain is organized by the septins at the necks of budding yeast cells. Recent findings suggest that this domain serves as a diffusion barrier and also as a local cell-shape sensor. We review these findings along with what is known about the organization of the septin cortex and its regulation d...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s1369-5274(01)00269-7
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) are nearly ubiquitous in microbial genomes and influence their evolution by providing adaptive functions to their host and by enhancing genome plasticity and diversification. For a long-time, it has been assumed that by integrating into the chromosome of their host, these se...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2017.03.014
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Motile bacteria seek optimal living habitats by following gradients of attractant and repellent chemicals in their environment. The signaling machinery for these chemotactic behaviors, although assembled from just a few protein components, has extraordinary information-processing capabilities. Escherichia coli, the be...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2005.02.008
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Viruses attach to specific receptors, but identified receptors are often absent from the epithelial surfaces where infections begin. Viruses can bind to alternative receptor molecules present on epithelial surfaces and they can enter hosts in ways that bypass mucosal barriers to infection. To understand how viruses cr...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s1369-5274(03)00097-3
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Some of the most successful drugs in the antibiotic pharmacopeia are those that inhibit bacterial cell wall biosynthesis. However, the worldwide spread of bacterial antibiotic resistance has eroded the clinical efficacy of these drugs and the antibiotic pipeline continues to be lean as drug discovery programs struggle...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2015.07.013
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00