Sensitivity transformation for vertebrate vision.

abstract：:In binocular vision, the lateral displacement of the eyes gives rise to both horizontal and vertical disparities between the images projected onto the left and right retinae. While it is well known that horizontal disparity is exploited by the binocular visual system of birds and mammals to enable depth perception, th...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Nieder A,Wagner H

更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human, macaque monkey, and rat retinas were immunostained with a polyclonal antibody preparation against purified recoverin, a 23-kD calcium-binding protein isolated from bovine retina that localizes to rods and cones (Dizhoor et al., 1991). In addition to immunoreactive photoreceptors, we have identified subpopulatio...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Milam AH,Dacey DM,Dizhoor AM

更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) has been shown to influence the responses of ganglion cells in the mammalian retina. Consistently, GABA(A) receptor subunits have been localized to different ganglion cell types. In this study, the distribution of the alpha1 subunit of the GABA(A) receptor...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Macri J,Martin PR,Grünert U

更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The eye has become an excellent target for gene therapy, and gene augmentation therapy of inherited retinal disorders has made major progress in recent years. Nevertheless, a recent study indicated that gene augmentation intervention might not stop the progression of retinal degeneration in patients. In addition, for ...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Nagel-Wolfrum K,Möller F,Penner I,Wolfrum U

更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:AMPA-selective glutamate receptors play a major role in glutamatergic neurotransmission in the retina and are expressed in a variety of neuronal subpopulations. In the present study, immunocytochemical techniques were used to visualize the distribution of GluR2 and GluR4 subunits in the cat retina. Results were compar...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Qin P,Pourcho RG

更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The representation of the visual field in the part of area 17 containing neurons that project axons across the corpus callosum to the contralateral hemisphere was defined in the cat. Of 1424 sites sampled along 77 electrode tracks, 768 proved to be in the callosal sending zone, which was identified by retrograde trans...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Payne BR

更新日期：1991-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The bresiliid shrimp, Rimicaris exoculata, lives in large masses on the sides of hydrothermal vent chimneys at two sites on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Although essentially no daylight penetrates to depths of 3500 m, very dim light is emitted from the hydrothermal vents themselves. To exploit this light, R. exoculata has ...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： O'Neill PJ,Jinks RN,Herzog ED,Battelle BA,Kass L,Renninger GH,Chamberlain SC

更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Four experiments were performed to assess the effects of ON channel blockade with the glutamate analog 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate (APB) on brightness and contrast perception in monkeys. In Experiment 1, we demonstrate that stimuli brighter than background (incremental stimuli) appear less bright following ON channel ...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Dolan RP,Schiller PH

更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To better understand the evolution of spatial and color vision, the number and spatial distributions of cones, rods, and optic nerve axon numbers were assessed in seven New World primates (Cebus apella, Saimiri ustius, Saguinus midas niger, Alouatta caraya, Aotus azarae, Calllithrix jacchus, and Callicebus moloch). Th...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Finlay BL,Franco EC,Yamada ES,Crowley JC,Parsons M,Muniz JA,Silveira LC

更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Several lines of evidence indicate that retinal photoreceptors produce melatonin. However, there are other potential melatonin sources in the retina, and melatonin synthesis can be regulated by feedback from the inner retina. To analyze cellular mechanisms of melatonin regulation in retinal photoreceptors, we have dev...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Cahill GM,Besharse JC

更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:One striking transformation in response properties that occurs in the geniculo-cortical pathway is the appearance of a high degree of orientation selectivity in the cortex. This property may be conceived as arising purely from the excitatory inputs to the cell, as being structured largely by the inhibition a cortical ...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Volgushev M,Pei X,Vidyasagar TR,Creutzfeldt OD

更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Tennessee Mouse Genome Consortium (TMGC) is in its fifth year of a ethylnitrosourea (ENU)-based mutagenesis screen to detect recessive mutations that affect the eye and brain. Each pedigree is tested by various phenotyping domains including the eye, neurohistology, behavior, aging, ethanol, drug, social behavior, ...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Jablonski MM,Wang X,Lu L,Miller DR,Rinchik EM,Williams RW,Goldowitz D

更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study used the swept spatial-frequency method to compare retinal and cortical acuity in anesthetized young adult rhesus monkeys. Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) and pattern electroretinographic responses (PERGs) were recorded from 25 monkeys (age range: 4-12 years) anesthetized with a continuous infusion of propo...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Ver Hoeve JN,Danilov YP,Kim CB,Spear PD

更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To explore the possible influence of defined genetic backgrounds on photoreceptor viability and function in mice carrying a targeted disruption of the rhodopsin gene, the severities of retinopathies in Rho-/- mice on C57BL/6J and 129Sv congenic backgrounds were compared by light microscopy and electroretinography and ...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Humphries MM,Kiang S,McNally N,Donovan MA,Sieving PA,Bush RA,Machida S,Cotter T,Hobson A,Farrar J,Humphries P,Kenna P

更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Adult Japanese quail have an endogenous circadian clock located in their eyes that has been shown to regulate melatonin biosynthesis. We investigated if a circadian oscillator is present in cultures of dispersed embryonic quail retina. Melatonin release in retinal cell culture is modulated by the light cycle, indicati...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Pierce ME

更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The outer plexiform layer of the retina contains a neural circuit in which cone synaptic terminals are electrically coupled and release glutamate onto wide-field and narrow-field horizontal cells. These are also electrically coupled and feed back through a GABAergic synapse to cones. In cat this circuit's structure is...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Smith RG

更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have studied the presence and distribution of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA)-selective glutamate receptor subunits (GluR1, 2, 3, and 4) in the adult cat visual cortical areas 17, 18, 19, and the lateral suprasylvian areas (LSA). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) a...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Gutiérrez-Igarza K,Fogarty DJ,Pérez-Cerdá F,Doñate-Oliver F,Albus K,Matute C

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:L and M cones, divided into two groups by absorption spectra, have not been distinguished by structure. Here, we report what may be such a difference. We reconstructed the synaptic terminals of 16 non-S cones and the dendritic arbors of their ON and OFF midget bipolar cells from high-magnification electron micrographs...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Schein S,Ngo IT,Huang TM,Klug K,Sterling P,Herr S

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lesion or inactivation of the superior colliculus (SC) of the cat results in an animal that fails to orient toward peripheral visual stimuli which normally evoke a brisk, reflexive orienting response. A failure to orient toward a visual stimulus could be the result of a sensory impairment (a failure to detect the visu...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Fitzmaurice MC,Ciaramitaro VM,Palmer LA,Rosenquist AC

更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tritiated neurotransmitter candidates were unilaterally injected in visual cortical regions with abundant corpus callosum connections. D-aspartate (Asp) or gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was injected along the area 17/18 border in cat, and the area 17/18a and 17/18b borders in rat. Retrograde Asp label was found contr...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Elberger AJ

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Retinae of the crab Leptograpsus which had been maintained on a 12-h light/12-h dark cycle were cultured in vitro and exposed to 1 microM okadaic acid (OKA) at 0.75 h before light onset. Control retinae were subjected to the same routine and sampled at the same times without OKA treatment. At the concentration used, O...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Blest AD,Carter M,Clausen JA,Stowe S,Trowell SC,Tsukitani Y

更新日期：1991-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper reviews evidence that the superior colliculus (SC) of the midbrain represents visual direction and certain aspects of saccadic eye movements in the distribution of activity across a population of cells. Accurate and precise eye movements appear to be mediated, in part at least, by cells of the SC that have ...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： McIlwain JT

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The purpose of the present study was to examine the contributions made by cat posterior parietal cortex to the analyses of the relative position of objects in visual space. Two cats were trained on a landmark task in which they learned to report the position of a landmark object relative to a right or left food-reward...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Lomber SG,Payne BR

更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Using autoradiographic and biochemical techniques, we studied the sodium-dependent forward and reverse transport of the neurotransmitter histamine in an arthropod photoreceptor in order to test whether the transporter plays a central role in visual signal transfer at this synapse. In particular, we asked whether the h...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Stuart AE,Gebhardt KA,Vogel SN,Rodriguez O

更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is widely accepted that human color vision is based on two types of cone-opponent mechanism, one differencing L and M cone types (loosely termed "red-green"), and the other differencing S with the L and M cones (loosely termed "blue-yellow"). The traditional view of the early processing of human color vision sugges...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Sankeralli MJ,Mullen KT

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The retinae of insectivores have been rarely studied, and their photoreceptor arrangements and expression patterns of visual pigments are largely unknown. We have determined the presence and distribution of cones in three species of shrews (common shrew Sorex araneus, greater white-toothed shrew Crocidura russula, dar...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Peichl L,Künzle H,Vogel P

更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Following up on a prior study of contour and brightness processing in visual masking (Breitmeyer et al., 2006), we investigated the effects of a binocular and dichoptic para-contrast masking on the visibility of the contour and brightness of a target presented to the other eye. Combined, the results support the contri...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Breitmeyer BG,Ziegler R,Hauske G

更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acetylcholine (ACh) is one of the transmitters utilized by extra-thalamic afferents to modulate stimulus-driven neurotransmission and experience-dependent plasticity in the visual cortex. Since these processes also depend on the activation of glutamatergic receptors, cholinergic terminals may exert their effects via d...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Aoki C,Kabak S

更新日期：1992-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Parallel processing of visual information begins at the first synapse in the retina between the photoreceptors and bipolar cells. Ten bipolar cell types have been previously described in the primate retina: one rod and nine cone bipolar types. In this paper, we describe an 11th type of bipolar cell identified in Golgi...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Joo HR,Peterson BB,Haun TJ,Dacey DM

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) dendritic atrophy is an early feature of many forms of retinal degeneration, providing a challenge to RGC classification. The characterization of these changes is complicated by the possibility that selective labeling of any particular class can confound the estimation of dendritic remodeli...

journal_title：Visual neuroscience

authors： Tribble JR,Cross SD,Samsel PA,Sengpiel F,Morgan JE

更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00